79 Mine, Chilito, Hayden area, Banner Mining District, Gila County, Arizona, USAi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| 79 Mine | Mine (Care and Maintenance) |
| Chilito | Town (Historical) |
| Hayden area | Town |
| Banner Mining District | Mining District |
| Gila County | County |
| Arizona | State |
| USA | Country |
This page kindly sponsored by Chris Whitney-Smith
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
33° 3' 52'' North , 110° 48' 50'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Mine (Care and Maintenance) - last checked 2024
Deposit first discovered:
1879
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Hayden | 650 (2017) | 7.2km |
| Kearny | 2,038 (2017) | 9.0km |
| Winkelman | 346 (2017) | 9.4km |
| Dudleyville | 959 (2011) | 10.9km |
| Six Shooter Canyon | 1,019 (2017) | 33.8km |
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
| Club | Location | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Gila County Gem & Mineral Society | Miami, Arizona | 38km |
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
McHur prospect; 79th Mine; Seventy-Nine Mine; Seventy-Nine property
A former underground Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Au-Mo-Sb-V-Fe occurrence/mine located in the SE¼ sec. 21 and sec. 28, T4S, R15E, G&SRM, about 1.5 miles (2.41 km) W of the Chilito ghost town, 4.5 miles (7.24 km) NNW of Hayden, and 2 miles (3.22 km) NW of Tornado Peak, on federal land.
Discovered in 1879 by Mike and Pat O'Brien. Purchased in 1921 by Continental Commission Co.; purchased in May 1922 by the Seventy-Nine Mining Co. and reconveyed back to the Continental Commission Co. (1919-1922, 1923-1926) after litigation. Sold at public auction in 1926. Reopened in 1928 by the Seventy-Nine Lead-Copper Co. Closed in January 1938 due to declining metal prices. Reopened in 1940 by the Shattuck-Denn Mining Corp. until 1949. Acquired by Callahan Zinc-Lead Company, Inc., in 1950. Previous owners also included Grisson Mines. Some production until 1951. Owned by the ACM Corp. (1967). Mined for specimens until the late 1990s by John Mediz, Copper City Rock Shop, and others, when mudslides from an El Niño episode intruded into the workings. Subsequently reopened for specimens.
As of 1992, the site is closed to collectors.
Historical Side Note: Minerals of Arizona, Third Edition, page 34, states that the 79 Mine was claimed in Pinal County. This is correct. When it was claimed in 1879, Gila County did not exist yet! Gila County was created in 1881 from parts of Maricopa and Pinal Counties, shifting the 79 Mine to its current location in Gila County.
Mineralization is a deposit with an ore zone 335.28 meters long and 12.19 meters wide, with a depth-to-top of 0 meters, a depth-to-bottom of 152.4 meters, and 15.24 meters thick, striking N75E and dipping 40S. The deposit is hosted in limestone and rhyolite. Associated rock units are diorite and rhyolite. The mineralization occurs in fractures or broken, thin calcareous shale. Six bedded zones were mined. Galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and quartz in replacement bodies in shattered, alternating thin-bedded shale and impure limestone members of the Naco formation and as small, discontinuous vein replacements in fractured and brecciated parts of a prominent rhyolite porphyry dike.
The oldest rock exposed in the area is the Younger Precambrian Mescal formation of the Apache group. It rests upon intrusive diabase and consists of approximately 50 feet (ca. 15 m) of limestone with 90 feet (ca. 27 m) of overlying sandy beds. Above the Mescal are the Middle Cambrian Troy quartzite, approximately 400 feet (ca. 122 m) thick, succeeded by 225 feet (ca. 69 m) of undifferentiated shale and quartzite, probably Middle Cambrian; Upper Devonian Martin limestone, consisting of thin beds with some shale, 250 feet (ca. 76 m) to 328 feet (ca. 100 m) thick; Lower Mississippian Escabrosa limestone, a massive cliff-former, 440 feet (ca. 134 m) to 581 feet (ca. 177 m) thick; and Lower Pennsylvanian Naco limestone, thin-bedded and cherty, 385 feet (ca. 117 m) to more than 1,000 feet (ca. 305 m) thick. This entire section appears to be conformable, although separated by at least three disconformities.
Intruded into the Mescal and the lower portion of the Troy are bodies of diabase with a maximum thickness of some 400 feet (ca. 122 m) in outcrops; the total thickness of the diabase is unknown, as its lower contact is not exposed. The age of the diabase at Superior was determined as post-Middle Cambrian and pre-Upper Devonian (Short & others).
An extensive development of basic igneous material occurs near this mine and is expressed in the 79 Mine area by local basalt-porphyry sills (?) and plugs and andesitic and dacitic porphyry sills.
Presumably, during the Cretaceous-Tertiary (Laramide) interval, this region was subjected to deformation, accompanied in its later stages by the intrusion of acidic dikes, sills, and plugs, probably apophyses of the Central Arizona batholith.
The linear northwestward trend of the Dripping Spring Mountains reflects systematic structural deformation. A cross-section (Ransome's) indicates the mountain range to be a complexly faulted anticline.
Throughout the 79 area on the southwestern flank of the range, the pre-Tertiary strata dip about 15° southward, with local variations in tilted fault blocks. Compressional stresses are evidenced by bedding-plane faults and by a thrust fault exposed north of Tam O'Shanter Peak, 1.5 miles (2.41 km) north.
The steeply dipping faults of the 79 area may be classified as being of pre-ore and post-ore ages. Those of the earlier group were important in localizing mineral deposition. Some of the post-ore faults displaced ore bodies, and others influenced topography.
The known orebodies of the 79 Mine occur as replacements in thin-bedded Naco limestone and as small, discontinuous vein replacements in the North dike of rhyolite porphyry. Ore deposition closely followed the pre-mineral faulting and may have begun before it entirely ceased. The mineralization is regarded as of Laramide (late Cretaceous and early Tertiary) age.
The several orebodies are the Discovery, marked by string gossan; the Massive Pyrite orebody; and discontinuous vein-replacement orebodies associated with the North dike of rhyolite porphyry, collectively termed the dike orebodies.
Workings totalled 10,000 feet (ca. 3,048 m) in length and achieved a depth of 450 feet (ca. 137 m). The principal development is a shaft 450 feet (ca. 137 m) deep on the massive pyrite ore body; there is also a short exploratory shaft and a winze of 155 feet (ca. 47 m) depth. Total production was valued between $3 and $4 million (period values).
Note on the mineral list: Many of the specimens from this mine that look like blue smithsonite are actually hemimorphite. Only testing will verify what you have. Smithsonite should form bubbles in muriatic acid. Be sure that it's not the matrix that's bubbling!
Discovered in 1879 by Mike and Pat O'Brien. Purchased in 1921 by Continental Commission Co.; purchased in May 1922 by the Seventy-Nine Mining Co. and reconveyed back to the Continental Commission Co. (1919-1922, 1923-1926) after litigation. Sold at public auction in 1926. Reopened in 1928 by the Seventy-Nine Lead-Copper Co. Closed in January 1938 due to declining metal prices. Reopened in 1940 by the Shattuck-Denn Mining Corp. until 1949. Acquired by Callahan Zinc-Lead Company, Inc., in 1950. Previous owners also included Grisson Mines. Some production until 1951. Owned by the ACM Corp. (1967). Mined for specimens until the late 1990s by John Mediz, Copper City Rock Shop, and others, when mudslides from an El Niño episode intruded into the workings. Subsequently reopened for specimens.
As of 1992, the site is closed to collectors.
Historical Side Note: Minerals of Arizona, Third Edition, page 34, states that the 79 Mine was claimed in Pinal County. This is correct. When it was claimed in 1879, Gila County did not exist yet! Gila County was created in 1881 from parts of Maricopa and Pinal Counties, shifting the 79 Mine to its current location in Gila County.
Mineralization is a deposit with an ore zone 335.28 meters long and 12.19 meters wide, with a depth-to-top of 0 meters, a depth-to-bottom of 152.4 meters, and 15.24 meters thick, striking N75E and dipping 40S. The deposit is hosted in limestone and rhyolite. Associated rock units are diorite and rhyolite. The mineralization occurs in fractures or broken, thin calcareous shale. Six bedded zones were mined. Galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and quartz in replacement bodies in shattered, alternating thin-bedded shale and impure limestone members of the Naco formation and as small, discontinuous vein replacements in fractured and brecciated parts of a prominent rhyolite porphyry dike.
The oldest rock exposed in the area is the Younger Precambrian Mescal formation of the Apache group. It rests upon intrusive diabase and consists of approximately 50 feet (ca. 15 m) of limestone with 90 feet (ca. 27 m) of overlying sandy beds. Above the Mescal are the Middle Cambrian Troy quartzite, approximately 400 feet (ca. 122 m) thick, succeeded by 225 feet (ca. 69 m) of undifferentiated shale and quartzite, probably Middle Cambrian; Upper Devonian Martin limestone, consisting of thin beds with some shale, 250 feet (ca. 76 m) to 328 feet (ca. 100 m) thick; Lower Mississippian Escabrosa limestone, a massive cliff-former, 440 feet (ca. 134 m) to 581 feet (ca. 177 m) thick; and Lower Pennsylvanian Naco limestone, thin-bedded and cherty, 385 feet (ca. 117 m) to more than 1,000 feet (ca. 305 m) thick. This entire section appears to be conformable, although separated by at least three disconformities.
Intruded into the Mescal and the lower portion of the Troy are bodies of diabase with a maximum thickness of some 400 feet (ca. 122 m) in outcrops; the total thickness of the diabase is unknown, as its lower contact is not exposed. The age of the diabase at Superior was determined as post-Middle Cambrian and pre-Upper Devonian (Short & others).
An extensive development of basic igneous material occurs near this mine and is expressed in the 79 Mine area by local basalt-porphyry sills (?) and plugs and andesitic and dacitic porphyry sills.
Presumably, during the Cretaceous-Tertiary (Laramide) interval, this region was subjected to deformation, accompanied in its later stages by the intrusion of acidic dikes, sills, and plugs, probably apophyses of the Central Arizona batholith.
The linear northwestward trend of the Dripping Spring Mountains reflects systematic structural deformation. A cross-section (Ransome's) indicates the mountain range to be a complexly faulted anticline.
Throughout the 79 area on the southwestern flank of the range, the pre-Tertiary strata dip about 15° southward, with local variations in tilted fault blocks. Compressional stresses are evidenced by bedding-plane faults and by a thrust fault exposed north of Tam O'Shanter Peak, 1.5 miles (2.41 km) north.
The steeply dipping faults of the 79 area may be classified as being of pre-ore and post-ore ages. Those of the earlier group were important in localizing mineral deposition. Some of the post-ore faults displaced ore bodies, and others influenced topography.
The known orebodies of the 79 Mine occur as replacements in thin-bedded Naco limestone and as small, discontinuous vein replacements in the North dike of rhyolite porphyry. Ore deposition closely followed the pre-mineral faulting and may have begun before it entirely ceased. The mineralization is regarded as of Laramide (late Cretaceous and early Tertiary) age.
The several orebodies are the Discovery, marked by string gossan; the Massive Pyrite orebody; and discontinuous vein-replacement orebodies associated with the North dike of rhyolite porphyry, collectively termed the dike orebodies.
Workings totalled 10,000 feet (ca. 3,048 m) in length and achieved a depth of 450 feet (ca. 137 m). The principal development is a shaft 450 feet (ca. 137 m) deep on the massive pyrite ore body; there is also a short exploratory shaft and a winze of 155 feet (ca. 47 m) depth. Total production was valued between $3 and $4 million (period values).
Note on the mineral list: Many of the specimens from this mine that look like blue smithsonite are actually hemimorphite. Only testing will verify what you have. Smithsonite should form bubbles in muriatic acid. Be sure that it's not the matrix that's bubbling!
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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities87 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Acanthite Formula: Ag2S |
| ⓘ Allophane Formula: (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O References: |
| ⓘ Andradite Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 Description: Abundant silicate in contact-metamorphosed limestones. References: |
| ⓘ Anglesite Formula: PbSO4 Description: Very common throughout the oxidized zone. Dark-colored material occurs as concentric rings around galena. |
| ⓘ Antlerite Formula: Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 Colour: Pale green Description: Crusts. 31 stope area of the mine. |
| ⓘ Aurichalcite Formula: (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 References: |
| ⓘ Austinite Formula: CaZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ Azurite Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) Formula: Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 References: |
| ⓘ Brochantite Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 Description: Occurs with oxidizing sulfide minerals; sparingly occurs with pyrite. |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Habit: Butterfly-habit twinned crystals. References: |
| ⓘ Celestine Formula: SrSO4 Description: Micro-crystals. |
| ⓘ Cerussite Formula: PbCO3 Habit: Single & 'V' twinned crystals Colour: White, yellowish, colorless (crystal groups) Description: As 'sand carbonate' & crystallized material; earthy. Constitutes rich ore throughout the oxidized zone, mainly above the 6th level. References: Kiersch, George A. (1949) Structural control and mineralization at the Seventy Nine Mine, Gila County, Arizona. Economic Geology, 44 (1) 24-39 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.44.1.24 Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101 |
| ⓘ Chalcanthite Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O References: |
| ⓘ Chalcoalumite Formula: CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S Description: Small grains associated with fractures within sphalerite, and as small supergene veinlets. |
| ⓘ Chalcophanite Formula: ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O References: |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 Habit: Disphenoidal (rare - to 0.5 inches), showing {112} Description: Crystals coated by smithsonite. Invariably occurs associated with galena and Sphalerite. References: |
| ⓘ Chlorargyrite Formula: AgCl References: Daniel Hummer CollectionIdentification: Visual Identification, Dealer/Collection Label |
| ⓘ Chrysocolla Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 Description: Pseudos after hemimorphite, mass., botryoidal, some coating & replacing wulfenite. References: Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101 |
| ⓘ Clinoclase Formula: Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 Description: Found on the 6th. level of the mine. References: |
| ⓘ Clinozoisite Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) References: |
| ⓘ Covellite Formula: CuS Description: Minor amts. assoc. w. oxidation products of galena; microscopic grains with feathery edges along cleavage cracks in galena, replacemetns within anglesite, and along anglesite-galena contacts. |
| ⓘ Cuprite Formula: Cu2O References: |
| ⓘ Descloizite Formula: PbZn(VO4)(OH) Habit: Tiny, wedge-shaped; to ¼ inch. Description: Crystals on hemimorphite & incrusting wulfenite. References: |
| ⓘ Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Description: In contact-metamorphic limestones w. andradite, tremolite & epidote. References: |
| ⓘ Dioptase Formula: CuSiO3 · H2O |
| ⓘ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Description: In contact-metamorphic limestones w. diopside, tremolite & andradite. References: |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 References: Pascale & Daniel Journet CollectionIdentified by Pascale & Daniel Journet: Visual Identification |
| ⓘ Fornacite Formula: Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) References: Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101 |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS Description: Most common hypogene ore mineral, commonly smithsonite coated. Occurs as embayments and veinlets in sphalerite. References: Kiersch, George A. (1949) Structural control and mineralization at the Seventy Nine Mine, Gila County, Arizona. Economic Geology, 44 (1) 24-39 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.44.1.24 Lewis, David V. (1955) Relationships of ore bodies to dikes and sills. Economic Geology, 50 (5) 495-516 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.50.5.495 Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101 |
| ⓘ Goethite Formula: Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ Halite Formula: NaCl Habit: Arching whiskers to 12 inches long; growth rate to 3 inches/year. Description: Abun. post-mining min. on walls. References: |
| ⓘ Halotrichite Formula: Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite Formula: Fe2O3 Description: Commonly associated with some pyrite bodies. |
| ⓘ Hemimorphite Formula: Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O Habit: Hollow, egg shell-like balls on matirx. Colour: Blue, white Description: Pseudos on wad replacing chrysocolla, fine specimens. References: Anthony, John W.; Williams, Sidney A.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.pages 123, 201, 248 Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101 |
| ⓘ Hetaerolite Formula: ZnMn2O4 Description: Mass. encrustations on hemimorphite above 470 level. References: |
| ⓘ Hollandite Formula: Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 Description: A constituent of wad. References: |
| ⓘ Hydrozincite Formula: Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ Jarosite Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ Kaolinite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ Ktenasite Formula: ZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O Colour: Blue Description: Crusts in the 31 stope area of the mine. |
| ⓘ Kuksite Formula: Pb3Zn3(PO4)2(TeO6) References: Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101 |
| ⓘ Lepidocrocite Formula: Fe3+O(OH) Description: Constituent of limonite in oxidized portions of deposit. References: |
| ⓘ Libethenite Formula: Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' Localities: Description: Partially comprised of lepidocrocite; common throughout the oxidized orebodies. |
| ⓘ Linarite Formula: PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 References: Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101 |
| ⓘ Liudongshengite (TL) Formula: Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2O Type Locality: References: Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Hatert, Frédéric, Pasero, Marco, Mills, Stuart J. (2019) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) NEWSLETTER 51. European Journal of Mineralogy, 31 (5-6) 1099-1104 doi:10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2894 Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101 |
| ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Habit: Small spheres to ¼ inch diameter. Description: Throughout supergene zone as veinlets & small spheres. References: Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101 |
| ⓘ Manganite Formula: Mn3+O(OH) Description: Irregular masses with oxidized copper ore. |
| ⓘ Melanterite Formula: Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O Habit: Short, acicular, prismatic, aggregated into blankets. Colour: White Description: Sparingly as encrustations & efflorescences, blankets - floor 5th. level & 6th level, associated with pyrite. References: |
| ⓘ Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite Formula: (Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O Description: Occurs in the crosscut - 6th. level of the mine. References: |
| ⓘ Mimetite Formula: Pb5(AsO4)3Cl Colour: Bright orange, orange-yellow & bright yellow Description: Crusts & reniform masses, some stalactitic, w. wulfenite crystals. References: Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101 |
| ⓘ Molybdenite Formula: MoS2 Description: Locally coating walls of veinlets; w. chalcopyrite & pyrite. References: |
| ⓘ Montmorillonite Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ Mottramite Formula: PbCu(VO4)(OH) Habit: Crystal druses Description: Encrusts wulfenite & mimetite in breccia main fault zone. References: |
| ⓘ Murdochite Formula: Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 Habit: Rare, tiny crystals to 0.1 mm; cubic. Colour: Black References: |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| ⓘ Native Copper Formula: Cu References: |
| ⓘ Native Silver Formula: Ag Description: Occurs throughout the oxide and sulfide ores. |
| ⓘ Native Sulphur Formula: S8 |
| ⓘ Olivenite Formula: Cu2(AsO4)(OH) Habit: Clustered tiny crystals Colour: Green Description: Occurs on sphalerite & galena. |
| ⓘ Phosphohedyphane Formula: Ca2Pb3(PO4)3Cl References: |
| ⓘ Plattnerite Formula: PbO2 Habit: Tiny, needle-like to 1.5 mm long Description: Assoc. with aurichalcite, rosasite & rarely murdochite. References: |
| ⓘ Plumbojarosite Formula: Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 Colour: Brown Description: Ocherous massive material at surface or near surface workings. References: |
| ⓘ 'Psilomelane' Description: Common supergene mineral in replacemetn deposits in limestone & rhyolite porphyry. |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Habit: Some highly modified crystals. Description: Massive body; most abundant sulfide and clearly the earliest mineral. Many grains show embayments of veinlets filled with associated minerals. References: |
| ⓘ Pyrolusite Formula: Mn4+O2 Description: Numerous dendritic forms coating fractures in near-surface limestones. References: |
| ⓘ Pyromorphite Formula: Pb5(PO4)3Cl Habit: Needle-like Colour: Clear yellow Description: Occurs sparingly on chrysocolla. References: |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Description: Occurs throughout the ore zone. As crystals filling druses and cavities; stringers and replacements in limestone and rhyolite porphyry; and massive silica bodies. The latest hypogene mineral. References: Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101 |
| ⓘ Ramsbeckite Formula: (Cu,Zn)15(SO4)4(OH)22 · 6H2O References: |
| ⓘ Rosasite Formula: (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 Colour: Deep blue-green Description: Oxidized portions as velvety mats or warty crusts encrusting Mn-oxides & smithsonite. References: Anthony, John W.; Williams, Sidney A.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Grant, Raymond W. (1995) Mineralogy of Arizona (3rd ed.). University of Arizona Press.pages 123, 152, 308, 357 Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101 |
| ⓘ Sauconite Formula: Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O Description: Occurs above the 470 level. References: |
| ⓘ Scheelite Formula: Ca(WO4) References: Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101 |
| ⓘ Scorodite Formula: Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ Siderite Formula: FeCO3 |
| ⓘ Smithsonite Formula: ZnCO3 Description: Crystals lining vugs with wulfenite, hemimorphite & aurichalcite.
Coats chalcopyrite crystals & galena. References: |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS Habit: Well-formed tetrahedral Description: Abundant ore mineral lower levels of the mine. Occurs in grains of various size. Small blebs of chalcopyrite found throughout the sphalerite grains. |
| ⓘ Stolzite Formula: Pb(WO4) References: Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101 |
| ⓘ Tenorite Formula: CuO Description: Assoc. with malachite & chrysocolla. References: |
| ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S Description: Found in dump material. References: |
| ⓘ Tremolite Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 Description: In contact-metamorphic limestones with andradite, epidote & diopside. References: |
| ⓘ Tsumebite Formula: Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH) References: |
| ⓘ Vanadinite Formula: Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ Vesuvianite Formula: Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| ⓘ 'Wad' Description: Partly comprised of hollandite. |
| ⓘ Willemite Formula: Zn2SiO4 |
| ⓘ Wulfenite Formula: Pb(MoO4) |
| ⓘ Zoisite Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Habit: Crystals to 1 inch long Colour: Pink Description: Coatings on fracture surfaces in metamorphosed limestones. |
| ⓘ Zoisite var. Thulite Formula: (Ca2)(Al,Mn3+)3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Habit: Crystals to 1 inch long Colour: Pink Description: Coatings on fracture surfaces in metamorphosed limestones. |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Native Copper | 1.AA.05 | Cu |
| ⓘ | Native Silver | 1.AA.05 | Ag |
| ⓘ | Native Sulphur | 1.CC.05 | S8 |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| ⓘ | Acanthite | 2.BA.35 | Ag2S |
| ⓘ | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Molybdenite | 2.EA.30 | MoS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' | 2.GB.05 | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Chlorargyrite | 3.AA.15 | AgCl |
| ⓘ | Halite | 3.AA.20 | NaCl |
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| ⓘ | Murdochite | 3.DB.45 | Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Cuprite | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O |
| ⓘ | Tenorite | 4.AB.10 | CuO |
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Hetaerolite | 4.BB.10 | ZnMn2O4 |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | var. Specularite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Plattnerite | 4.DB.05 | PbO2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrolusite | 4.DB.05 | Mn4+O2 |
| ⓘ | Hollandite | 4.DK.05a | Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 |
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.FD.10 | Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Manganite | 4.FD.15 | Mn3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Lepidocrocite | 4.FE.15 | Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Chalcophanite | 4.FL.20 | ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Siderite | 5.AB.05 | FeCO3 |
| ⓘ | Smithsonite | 5.AB.05 | ZnCO3 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
| ⓘ | Azurite | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Rosasite | 5.BA.10 | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Aurichalcite | 5.BA.15 | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Hydrozincite | 5.BA.15 | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Liudongshengite (TL) | 5.DA.45 | Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2O |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Anglesite | 7.AD.35 | PbSO4 |
| ⓘ | Celestine | 7.AD.35 | SrSO4 |
| ⓘ | Antlerite | 7.BB.15 | Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Brochantite | 7.BB.25 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Beaverite-(Cu) | 7.BC.10 | Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Jarosite | 7.BC.10 | KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Plumbojarosite | 7.BC.10 | Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Linarite | 7.BC.65 | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Chalcanthite | 7.CB.20 | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | Melanterite | 7.CB.35 | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| ⓘ | var. Copper-bearing Melanterite | 7.CB.35 | (Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O |
| ⓘ | Halotrichite | 7.CB.85 | Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Ktenasite | 7.DD.20 | ZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Ramsbeckite | 7.DD.60 | (Cu,Zn)15(SO4)4(OH)22 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Chalcoalumite | 7.DD.75 | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Fornacite | 7.FC.10 | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Scheelite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(WO4) |
| ⓘ | Stolzite | 7.GA.05 | Pb(WO4) |
| ⓘ | Wulfenite | 7.GA.05 | Pb(MoO4) |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Libethenite | 8.BB.30 | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Olivenite | 8.BB.30 | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Clinoclase | 8.BE.20 | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| ⓘ | Tsumebite | 8.BG.05 | Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Austinite | 8.BH.35 | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Descloizite | 8.BH.40 | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Mottramite | 8.BH.40 | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Mimetite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Pyromorphite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Vanadinite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Phosphohedyphane | 8.BN.05 | Ca2Pb3(PO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Scorodite | 8.CD.10 | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Kuksite | 8.DL.20 | Pb3Zn3(PO4)2(TeO6) |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Willemite | 9.AA.05 | Zn2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Andradite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Hemimorphite | 9.BD.10 | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Clinozoisite | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Zoisite var. Thulite | 9.BG.10 | (Ca2)(Al,Mn3+)3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | 9.BG.10 | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | |
| ⓘ | Vesuvianite | 9.BG.35 | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| ⓘ | Dioptase | 9.CJ.30 | CuSiO3 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Tremolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Muscovite var. Illite | 9.EC.15 | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | |
| ⓘ | Montmorillonite | 9.EC.40 | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Sauconite | 9.EC.45 | Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Allophane | 9.ED.20 | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| ⓘ | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Psilomelane' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Wad' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Antlerite | Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Chalcophanite | ZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| H | ⓘ Clinoclase | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| H | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Dioptase | CuSiO3 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Fornacite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Halotrichite | Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Ktenasite | ZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Ramsbeckite | (Cu,Zn)15(SO4)4(OH)22 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Sauconite | Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Zoisite var. Thulite | (Ca2)(Al,Mn3+)3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Tsumebite | Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| H | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite | (Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O |
| H | ⓘ Liudongshengite | Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2O |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| C | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Liudongshengite | Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2O |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Antlerite | Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Chalcophanite | ZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| O | ⓘ Clinoclase | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| O | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| O | ⓘ Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Dioptase | CuSiO3 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Fornacite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Halotrichite | Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Hollandite | Ba(Mn64+Mn23+)O16 |
| O | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Ktenasite | ZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Kuksite | Pb3Zn3(PO4)2(TeO6) |
| O | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Murdochite | Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Plattnerite | PbO2 |
| O | ⓘ Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Ramsbeckite | (Cu,Zn)15(SO4)4(OH)22 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Sauconite | Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| O | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Stolzite | Pb(WO4) |
| O | ⓘ Tenorite | CuO |
| O | ⓘ Zoisite var. Thulite | (Ca2)(Al,Mn3+)3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tsumebite | Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| O | ⓘ Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| O | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite | (Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O |
| O | ⓘ Phosphohedyphane | Ca2Pb3(PO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Liudongshengite | Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2O |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Halite | NaCl |
| Na | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Sauconite | Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Halotrichite | Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Sauconite | Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Zoisite var. Thulite | (Ca2)(Al,Mn3+)3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Al | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Dioptase | CuSiO3 · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Sauconite | Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Zoisite var. Thulite | (Ca2)(Al,Mn3+)3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Si | ⓘ Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Kuksite | Pb3Zn3(PO4)2(TeO6) |
| P | ⓘ Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| P | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| P | ⓘ Tsumebite | Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH) |
| P | ⓘ Phosphohedyphane | Ca2Pb3(PO4)3Cl |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Acanthite | Ag2S |
| S | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Antlerite | Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 |
| S | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| S | ⓘ Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| S | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Halotrichite | Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| S | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Ktenasite | ZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| S | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| S | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| S | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| S | ⓘ Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Ramsbeckite | (Cu,Zn)15(SO4)4(OH)22 · 6H2O |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | ⓘ Native Sulphur | S8 |
| S | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| S | ⓘ Tsumebite | Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH) |
| S | ⓘ Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite | (Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Chlorargyrite | AgCl |
| Cl | ⓘ Halite | NaCl |
| Cl | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Murdochite | Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Phosphohedyphane | Ca2Pb3(PO4)3Cl |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Zoisite var. Thulite | (Ca2)(Al,Mn3+)3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Ca | ⓘ Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Phosphohedyphane | Ca2Pb3(PO4)3Cl |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | ⓘ Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| V | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| V | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Cr | Chromium | |
| Cr | ⓘ Fornacite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
| Cr | ⓘ Liudongshengite | Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2O |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Chalcophanite | ZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Hollandite | Ba(Mn64+Mn23+)O16 |
| Mn | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Zoisite var. Thulite | (Ca2)(Al,Mn3+)3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Halotrichite | Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite | (Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Antlerite | Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cu | ⓘ Clinoclase | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| Cu | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| Cu | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Native Copper | Cu |
| Cu | ⓘ Dioptase | CuSiO3 · H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Fornacite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Ktenasite | ZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Murdochite | Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Ramsbeckite | (Cu,Zn)15(SO4)4(OH)22 · 6H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Tenorite | CuO |
| Cu | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Cu | ⓘ Tsumebite | Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite | (Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| Zn | ⓘ Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| Zn | ⓘ Chalcophanite | ZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O |
| Zn | ⓘ Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| Zn | ⓘ Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| Zn | ⓘ Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 |
| Zn | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| Zn | ⓘ Ktenasite | ZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| Zn | ⓘ Kuksite | Pb3Zn3(PO4)2(TeO6) |
| Zn | ⓘ Ramsbeckite | (Cu,Zn)15(SO4)4(OH)22 · 6H2O |
| Zn | ⓘ Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Zn | ⓘ Sauconite | Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Zn | ⓘ Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Zn | ⓘ Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| Zn | ⓘ Liudongshengite | Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2O |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| As | ⓘ Clinoclase | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| As | ⓘ Fornacite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
| As | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| As | ⓘ Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| As | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| Mo | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Ag | Silver | |
| Ag | ⓘ Acanthite | Ag2S |
| Ag | ⓘ Chlorargyrite | AgCl |
| Ag | ⓘ Native Silver | Ag |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Te | Tellurium | |
| Te | ⓘ Kuksite | Pb3Zn3(PO4)2(TeO6) |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Hollandite | Ba(Mn64+Mn23+)O16 |
| W | Tungsten | |
| W | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| W | ⓘ Stolzite | Pb(WO4) |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| Pb | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Pb | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| Pb | ⓘ Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| Pb | ⓘ Fornacite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Pb | ⓘ Kuksite | Pb3Zn3(PO4)2(TeO6) |
| Pb | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| Pb | ⓘ Murdochite | Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Plattnerite | PbO2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Pb | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Stolzite | Pb(WO4) |
| Pb | ⓘ Tsumebite | Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH) |
| Pb | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Pb | ⓘ Phosphohedyphane | Ca2Pb3(PO4)3Cl |
Other Databases
| Link to USGS MRDS: | 10026845 |
|---|
Localities in this Region
- Arizona
- Gila County
- Banner Mining District
- Hayden area
- Chilito
- 79 Mine
- Chilito
- Hayden area
- Banner Mining District
- Gila County
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
North AmericaContinent
- Sonoran DesertDesert
North America PlateTectonic Plate
- Basin and Range BasinsBasin
- Mazatzal DomainDomain
- Southern Basin and RangeWide Rift
USA
- Arizona
- Dripping Spring MountainsMountain Range
This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to
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References
Kiersch, George A. (1949) Structural control and mineralization at the Seventy Nine Mine, Gila County, Arizona. Economic Geology, 44 (1) 24-39 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.44.1.24
Lewis, David V. (1955) Relationships of ore bodies to dikes and sills. Economic Geology, 50 (5) 495-516 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.50.5.495
www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/USA/Arizona/Gila%20Co./Dripping%20Spring%20Mts/Banner%20District/Hayden%20Area/Hayden/Seventy-Nine%20Mine%20%2879%20Mine%29
docs.azgs.az.gov (n.d.) http://docs.azgs.az.gov/OnlineAccessMineFiles/S-Z/Seventy-NinePropertyGilaT4SR15ESec21.pdf
Yang, Hexiong, Gibbs, Ronald B., Schwenk, Cody, Xie, Xiande, Gu, Xiangping, Downs, Robert T., Evans, Stanley H. (2021) Liudongshengite, Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O, a new mineral of the hydrotalcite supergroup, from the 79 mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 59 (4) 763-769 doi:10.3749/canmin.2000101
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79 Mine, Chilito, Hayden area, Banner Mining District, Gila County, Arizona, USA