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Pimelite
A discredited species name
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About Pimelite
Formula:
Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2O
Colour:
Bright green, apple green, yellow-green
Lustre:
Waxy, Greasy
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
2.23 - 2.98
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
Named by Dietrich Ludwig Gustav Karsten in 1800 for the Greek word for "fat", in allusion to the mineral's appearance.
First Recorded Locality:
Dark grass to forest-green clay mineral.
Pimelite was determined to be a smectite as early as 1938 [also American Mineralogist 51:279 [1966]. Later erroneously ascribed to nickel-rich talc (American Mineralogist 64:615 [1979]). Both nickel-bearing talc, intermediate nickeloan nontronite, and nickel dominant smectite (Pimelite) occur at the type locality. A re-validation research project has begun.
Often thought to be a colouring agent in chrysoprase, but probably rarely present in that material.
Pimelite apparently constitutes part of the mixtures called garnierite or noumeite, and it could form a series with stevensite or saponite.[3]
Pimelite was determined to be a smectite as early as 1938 [also American Mineralogist 51:279 [1966]. Later erroneously ascribed to nickel-rich talc (American Mineralogist 64:615 [1979]). Both nickel-bearing talc, intermediate nickeloan nontronite, and nickel dominant smectite (Pimelite) occur at the type locality. A re-validation research project has begun.
Often thought to be a colouring agent in chrysoprase, but probably rarely present in that material.
Pimelite apparently constitutes part of the mixtures called garnierite or noumeite, and it could form a series with stevensite or saponite.[3]
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
7236
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:7236:2
Similar Names
| Dimelite | A rock subtype |
| Eimelite | A synonym of 'Cimolite' |
IMA Classification of Pimelite
Discredited
Approval history:
Discredited by IMA in 2006 (IMA 06–C) = probably willemseite or kerolite (note: pimelite has historical precedence), cf. Burke (2006).
Classification of Pimelite
9.EC.22
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
71.3.1b.5
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
3 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 clays
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
3 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 clays
Physical Properties of Pimelite
Waxy, Greasy
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Bright green, apple green, yellow-green
Streak:
White to pale green
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Waxy
Cleavage:
Perfect
[0001]
[0001]
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.23 - 2.98 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.68 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Pimelite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.592 nγ = 1.615
2V:
Measured: 30° to 80°
Birefringence:
0.014-0.025
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.023
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
none
Optical Extinction:
Can appear isotropic
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Pale green colorless to light yellow green
Chemistry of Pimelite
Mindat Formula:
Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Pimelite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.256 Å, c = 14.822 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.82
Unit Cell V:
354.61 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Fine-grained
Comment:
Expands to 17.35 A using glycol
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 15.1 Å | (100) |
| 4.56 Å | (40) |
| 3.34 Å | (20) |
| 2.66 Å | (40) |
| 2.27 Å | (20) |
| 1.72 Å | (10) |
| 1.52 Å | (80) |
Comments:
ICDD 43-664
Geological Environment
Geological Setting:
Laterite, saprolite
First Recorded Occurrence of Pimelite
General Appearance of First Recorded Material:
Dark grass to forest-green masses of pimelite are found in colour-zoned pods (to 1 meter) with yellow-green nickeloan nontronite associated with red-brown hematite-stained nontronite and adjacent to bright white montmorillonite pods in a weathering profile.
Geological Setting of First Recorded Material:
Dark grass to forest-green masses of pimelite are found in colour-zoned pods in a weathering profile.
Associated Minerals at First Recorded Locality:
Synonyms of Pimelite
Other Language Names for Pimelite
Relationship of Pimelite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Smectite Group:
| Beidellite | (Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. |
| Hectorite | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Saliotite | (Li,Na)Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)5 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O | Mon. |
| Sauconite | Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. |
| Stevensite | (Ca,Na)xMg3-x(Si4O10)(OH)2 | Mon. |
| Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Volkonskoite | Ca0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. |
| Yakhontovite | (Ca,Na)0.5(Cu,Fe,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · 3H2O | Mon. |
| Zincsilite | Zn3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2O (?) | Mon. |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 10 photos of Pimelite associated with 'Chrysoprase' | |
| 4 photos of Pimelite associated with 'Chalcedony' | SiO2 |
| 3 photos of Pimelite associated with 'Kerolite' | (Mg,Ni)3Si4O10(OH)2 · nH2O (n ~ 1) |
| 2 photos of Pimelite associated with Nimite | Ni5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 2 photos of Pimelite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 1 photo of Pimelite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 1 photo of Pimelite associated with 'Garnierite' | |
| 1 photo of Pimelite associated with Nickeline | NiAs |
| 1 photo of Pimelite associated with Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.EC. | Meifuite | KFe6(Si7Al)O19(OH)4Cl2 |
| 9.EC. | Balestraite | KLi2V5+Si4O12 |
| 9.EC. | Voloshinite | Rb(LiAl1.5◻0.5)(Al0.5Si3.5)O10F2 |
| 9.EC.05 | Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.05 | Minnesotaite | Fe2+3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.05 | Willemseite | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.10 | Fluorluanshiweiite | KLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2 |
| 9.EC.10 | Garmite | CsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 |
| 9.EC.10 | Gorbunovite | CsLi2(Ti,Fe)Si4O10(F,OH,O)2 |
| 9.EC.10 | Ferripyrophyllite | Fe3+Si2O5(OH) |
| 9.EC.10 | Manganiceladonite | K(MgMn3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.10 | Luanshiweiite | KLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.10 | Pyrophyllite | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Ferroaluminoceladonite | K(Fe2+Al◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Nanpingite | CsAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Ferroceladonite | K(Fe2+Fe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Ganterite | Ba0.5(Na,K)0.5Al2(Si2.5Al1.5)O10(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Kreiterite | CsLi2Fe3+(Si4O10)F2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Roscoelite | KV3+2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Aluminoceladonite | K(MgAl◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Tobelite | (NH4)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Tainiolite | KLiMg2(Si4O10)F2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Celadonite | K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Chromceladonite | K(MgCr◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Montdorite | KFe2+1.5Mn2+0.5Mg0.5Si4O10(F,OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Chromphyllite | KCr2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Boromuscovite | KAl2(BSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | 'UM1988-22-SiO:AlCaFFeHKLiMg' | KLiMgAl2Si3O10F2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Chernykhite | (Ba,Na)(V3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.15 | Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Masutomilite | K(LiAlMn2+)[AlSi3O10]F2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Oxyphlogopite | K(Mg,Ti,Fe)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | 'Chloroferrokinoshitalite' | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(Cl,OH,F)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Siderophyllite | KFe2+2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Sokolovaite | CsLi2Al(Si4O10)F2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Hendricksite | KZn3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Tetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Fluorannite | KFe2+3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Aspidolite | NaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Suhailite | (NH4)Fe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Ephesite | NaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Norrishite | KLiMn3+2(Si4O10)O2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Yangzhumingite | KMg2.5(Si4O10)F2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Orlovite | KLi2Ti(Si4O10)OF |
| 9.EC.20 | Tetraferriannite | KFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Shirokshinite | K(NaMg2)(Si4O10)F2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Trilithionite | K(Li1.5Al1.5)(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Polylithionite | KLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Shirozulite | KMn2+3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Preiswerkite | NaMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Fluorophlogopite | KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Wonesite | (Na,K,◻)(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH,F)4 |
| 9.EC.20 | 'UM2004-49-SiO:AlCsFHKLi' | (Cs,K)(Al,Li)2.6((Si,Al)4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Fluorotetraferriphlogopite | KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)F2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Annite | KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.20 | Eastonite | KMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.30 | Margarite | CaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.35 | Kinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.35 | Ferrokinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH,F)2 |
| 9.EC.35 | Clintonite | CaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.35 | Oxykinoshitalite | (Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(O,OH,F)2 |
| 9.EC.35 | Fluorokinoshitalite | BaMg3(Al2Si2O10)F2 |
| 9.EC.35 | Bityite | CaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.35 | Anandite | (Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3((Si,Al,Fe)4O10)(S,OH)2 |
| 9.EC.40 | Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.40 | Beidellite | (Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.40 | Volkonskoite | Ca0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.EC.40 | Nontronite | Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.40 | Kurumsakite | (Zn,Ni,Cu)8Al8V5+2Si5O35 · 27H2O (?) |
| 9.EC.40 | Yakhontovite | (Ca,Na)0.5(Cu,Fe,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| 9.EC.45 | Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.45 | Hectorite | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.EC.45 | Zincsilite | Zn3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2O (?) |
| 9.EC.45 | Hanjiangite | Ba2CaV3+Al(H2AlSi3O12)(CO3)2F |
| 9.EC.45 | Spadaite | MgSiO2(OH)2 · H2O (?) |
| 9.EC.45 | Ferrosaponite | Ca0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.EC.45 | Stevensite | (Ca,Na)xMg3-x(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.45 | Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.45 | Sauconite | Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.EC.50 | Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| 9.EC.52 | 'Tarasovite' | near NaKAl11Si13O40(OH)9 · 3H2O |
| 9.EC.55 | Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Borocookeite | (LiAl4◻)[BSi3O10](OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Franklinfurnaceite | Ca2Fe3+Mn2+3Mn3+(Zn2Si2O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Pennantite | Mn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Vakhrushevaite | Mg5Cr(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Nimite | Ni5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Gonyerite | Mn2+5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Chamosite | Fe2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | 'Orthochamosite' | (Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Baileychlore | Zn5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Sudoite | Mg2Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Glagolevite | Na(Mg,Al)6(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8 |
| 9.EC.55 | Donbassite | Al4.33(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 9.EC.60 | Dozyite | Mg7Al2(Al2Si4O15)(OH)12 |
| 9.EC.60 | Rectorite | (Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| 9.EC.60 | Corrensite | (Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.60 | Aliettite | Ca0.2Mg6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 9.EC.60 | Karpinskite | (Ni,Mg)2Si2O5(OH)2 (?) |
| 9.EC.60 | Lunijianlaite | Li0.7Al6.2(AlSi7O20)(OH,O)10 |
| 9.EC.60 | Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| 9.EC.60 | Hydrobiotite | K(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.60 | Saliotite | (Li,Na)Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)5 |
| 9.EC.60 | Kulkeite | Mg8Al(AlSi7O20)(OH)10 |
| 9.EC.60 | Brinrobertsite | Na0.3Al4(Si4O10)2(OH)4 · 3.5 H2O |
| 9.EC.65 | Macaulayite | (Fe,Al)24Si4O43(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.70 | Burckhardtite | Pb2(Fe3+Te6+)[AlSi3O8]O6 |
| 9.EC.75 | Niksergievite | (Ba,Ca)2Al3(AlSi3O10)(CO3)(OH)6 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.75 | Ferrisurite | (Pb,Ca)2.4Fe3+2(Si4O10)(CO3)1.7(OH)3 · nH2O |
| 9.EC.75 | Surite | (Pb,Ca)3(Al,Fe2+,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 9.EC.80 | Kegelite | Pb8Al4(Si8O20)(SO4)2(CO3)4(OH)8 |
Fluorescence of Pimelite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Pimelite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-7236.html
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References for Pimelite
Reference List:
Kato, Toshio (1961) A Study on the so-Called Garnierite from New Caledonia. Mineralogical Journal, 3 (3). 107-121 doi:10.2465/minerj1953.3.107
Faust, George T. (1966) The hydrous nickel-magnesium silicates-The garnierite group. American Mineralogist, 51 (3-4) 279-298
Manceau, Alain, Calas, Georges (1985) Heterogeneous distribution of nickel in hydrous silicates from New Caledonia ore deposits. American Mineralogist, 70 (5-6) 549-558
Manceau, A., Calas, G., Decarreau, A. (1985) Nickel-bearing clay minerals: I. Optical spectroscopic study of nickel crystal chemistry. Clay Minerals, 20 (3) 367-387 doi:10.1180/claymin.1985.020.3.08
Manceau, A., Calas, G. (1986) Nickel-bearing clay minerals: II. Intracrystalline distribution of nickel: an X-ray absorption study. Clay Minerals, 21 (3) 341-360 doi:10.1180/claymin.1986.021.3.07
Colin, F., Nahon, Daniel, Trescases, Jean-Jacques, Melfi, A. J. (1990) Lateritic weathering of pyroxenites at Niquelandia, Goias, Brazil; the supergene behavior of nickel. Economic Geology, 85 (5) 1010-1023 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.85.5.1010[Studies not actually performed on "pimelite." This study used the false assumption that their specimens were "true" pimelite, simply because the mineral was waxy and green.]
Localities for Pimelite
Showing 44 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Brazil | |
| Dybowska et al. (2022) |
Colombia | |
| Econ Geol (2004) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Čech |
| Pelíšek |
Dominican Republic | |
| Villanova-de-Benavent et al. (2014) |
France | |
| Berger et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Cathelineau et al. (2023) |
| Cathelineau et al. (2023) | |
| Manceau et al. (1985) |
| Berger et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Berger et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Gaines et al. (1997) |
| Cathelineau et al. (2024) |
| Vale SA |
Indonesia | |
| Sufriadin et al. (2012) |
| Vale SA | |
Kazakhstan | |
| Gaines et al. (1997) |
Morocco | |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
Poland | |
| Gil et al. (2022) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Harańczyk C. (1974) |
| Czeslaw Haranczyk and Karol Prchazka (1974) | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| www.webmineral.com/data/Pimelite.shtml |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Spangenberg et al. (1949) | |
| Spangenberg et al. (1949) | |
| Kaczan et al. (2021) | |
South Korea | |
| Song et al. (1995) |
| Song et al. (1995) | |
Spain | |
| Romero Silva (2003) |
| Romero Silva (2003) |
| Romero Silva (2003) | |
| Romero Silva (2003) |
| Romero Silva (2003) |
USA | |
| Dunn (1995) |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| Gaines et al. (1997) |
| Gaines et al. (1997) |
| Morrill & Chaffee |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996) | |
Venezuela | |
| Domènech et al. (2020) +1 other reference |
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Szklary, Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie, Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland