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Jiama Cu-polymetallic deposit (Gyama Cu-polymetallic deposit; Jiamachikang Cu-polymetallic deposit), Maizhokunggar Co. (Mozhugongka Co.), Lhasa, Tibet, China i
Regional Level Types
Jiama Cu-polymetallic deposit (Gyama Cu-polymetallic deposit; Jiamachikang Cu-polymetallic deposit) Deposit
Maizhokunggar Co. (Mozhugongka Co.) County
Lhasa Prefecture
Tibet Autonomous Region
China Country

Regional Level Types
Jiama Cu-polymetallic deposit (Gyama Cu-polymetallic deposit; Jiamachikang Cu-polymetallic deposit)	Deposit
Maizhokunggar Co. (Mozhugongka Co.)	County
Lhasa	Prefecture
Tibet	Autonomous Region
China	Country

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Predictive Mineralogy

Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

29° 42' 39'' North , 91° 50' 20'' East

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

Type:

Köppen climate type:

Dwc : Monsoon-influenced subarctic climate

Mindat Locality ID:

134576

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:134576:9

GUID (UUID V4):

Name(s) in local language(s):

甲马铜多金属矿, 墨竹工卡县 (མལ་གྲོ་གུང་དཀར་རྫོང་), 拉萨市 (ལྷ་ས་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་), 西藏自治区, 中国

Skarn and porphyry copper-polymetallic deposit, occurring in the contact zone between limestones of the Jurassic Duodigou Formation and pelites of the Cretaceous Linbuzong Formation. The skarn cuts a large hornfelsic contact metamorphic aureole that is replaced by sericite and clays within a broad alteration zone, and is cut itself by later, unaltered, quartz-feldspar porphyries. The porphyry system of Jiama hosts many different mineralization types owing to different wall rocks, including porphyry Mo-Cu ore bodies centered in intrusions, skarns and hornfels, and Au ore bodies in independent peripheral locations. The area also comprises vein-type copper ore bodies and lenses of silver-rich massive galena.

The deposit contains measured resources of 500,000 tonnes of copper, 550,000 tonnes of lead, 60,000 tonnes of zinc, 14 tonnes (450,000 oz) of gold and 770 tonnes (23 million ounces) of silver.

It hosts a resource of 1,814 million metric tonnes (Mt) ore with an average grade of 0.40% Cu, 0.03% Mo, 0.05% Pb, 0.03% Zn, 0.10 g/t Au, and 5.46 g/t Ag. The presence of >7.2 Mt of copper metal in the deposit. It comprises multiple porphyry-hosted Cu-Mo, hornfels-hosted Cu-Mo, manto Cu-Pb-Zn, and skarn Cu-Pb-Zn orebodies, along with high-sulfidation Cu-Ag-Au veins.

The Jiama porphyry mineralization system comprises multiple orebody types, including skarn Cu-polymetallic, hornfels Cu-Mo, porphyry Mo-Cu, gold, and manto orebodies. According to different ore-controlling structures, the skarn orebody can be divided into two distinct types: No. I skarn orebody, which is the most important orebody in this system and develops within the contact/interlayer detachment zone between the porphyry rock/hornfels of the Linbuzong Formation and the marble of the Duodigou Formation, which is stratiform, bedded, and thick platelike. The No. II skarn ore body occurs in the Tongshan gliding nappe structure, characterized by a thick lenticle. The hornfels orebody is cannular and spatially associated with the deep concealed porphyry. The porphyry orebodies, exhibiting barrel-shape, are concentrated in the central mining area between Zegulang and Qianshan. The gold orebody occurs as vein and lens-shaped in the periphery of the porphyry, primarily within the Tongshan gliding nappe structure. It is hosted in quartz diorite porphyrite, slate-hornfels, and skarn. The manto orebody developed in marble in Tongshan is relatively small-scale in the system.

The Jiama mining area exhibits a typical composite mineralizing system characterized by multicenter mineralization. This system comprises five distinct orebody types: the copper-polymetallic Skarn Orebody, the copper-molybdenum Hornfels Orebody, the molybdenum-copper Porphyry Orebody, independent gold orebodies in peripheral structural alteration zones, and a Manto-type orebody hosted in marble within the Nankeng Ore Block. The copper-polymetallic Skarn Orebody forms thick slabs within the Linbuzong Formation (sandy slate, hornfels) and the Duodigou Formation (limestone, marble), and at contacts between marble and porphyritic intrusions, displaying Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, Au, and Ag mineralization. The copper-molybdenum Hornfels Orebody forms pipe-like masses within silicified hornfels enveloping the porphyries and is dominated by Cu and Mo mineralization. The molybdenum-copper Porphyry Orebody is hosted within the porphyritic intrusions, presenting as vein and disseminated types with primarily Mo and Cu mineralization. Independent gold orebodies occur as veins in peripheral or distal fracture zones, characterized by Au and Ag mineralization.

Located about 60 km east of Lhasa and 6 km north of the Qulong deposit.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'

ⓘ var. Silver-bearing Galena

ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'

ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup'

ⓘ 'var. Zinc-bearing Tennantite'

ⓘ Tenorite

ⓘ Tetradymite

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Group'

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

ⓘ 'var. Bismuth-bearing Tetrahedrite'

ⓘ Zhonghongite (TL)

ⓘ Zircon

74 valid minerals. 2 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals. 1 erroneous literature entry.

Rock Types Recorded

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Acanthite

Formula: Ag₂S

References:

Zhenghua Hu, Juxing Tang, Feng Ding, Wenbao Zheng, Shilin Deng, Yi Yang, Zhi Zhang, Yiyun Wang, Bin Lin, and Shuai Ding (2011): A study of features, modes of occurrence and enrichment mechanism of silver-rich ore bodies in the Jiama copper-polymetallic deposit of Tibet. Acta Geoscientica Sinica 32(6), 668-680 (in Chinese with English abstract).

ⓘ Actinolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

Localities:

ⓘ Aikinite

Formula: CuPbBiS₃

References:

Lijuan Ying, Denghong Wang, Juxing Tang, Huan Wang, Zhenyu Chen, Wenbao Zheng, and Fengji Li (2010): Journal of Jilin University, Earth Science Edition 55(4),801-809

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Fengji Li, Lijuan Ying, Huan Wang, and Xiaoqian Tang (2011): Geological Journal of China Universities 17(2), 337-350

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Zhi Zhang, Juxing Tang, Wenbao Zheng, Lijuan Ying, Xiaofeng Yao, Yi Yang, Zhenghua Hu, and Xiaoqian Tang (2013): Geology and Exploration 49(1), 9-18

Sun, F., Zhang, J.B., Wang, R., Zhou, L.M., Jeon, H., Li, Y.Y., Xue, Q.W., Liu, S.Y., Guo, N., Luo, C.H. and Xia, W.J., (2022) Magmatic evolution and formation of the giant Jiama porphyry-skarn deposit in southern Tibet. Ore Geology Reviews, 145, p.104889.

ⓘ Almandine

Formula: Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

Shu, Q, Deng, J, Chang, Z, Wang, Q, Niu, X, Xing, K, Sun, X, Zhang, Z, Zeng, Q, Zhao, H, others (2024) Skarn zonation of the giant Jiama Cu-Mo-Au deposit in southern Tibet, SW China. Econ Geol. https://doi. org/10.5382/econgeo, 119 (1) 1-22 doi:10.5382/econgeo.5038

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

Formula: AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂

Localities:

ⓘ Andalusite

Formula: Al₂(SiO₄)O

References:

ⓘ Andradite

Formula: Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃

Localities:

Cordilleran veins, Jiama Cu-polymetallic deposit (Gyama Cu-polymetallic deposit; Jiamachikang Cu-polymetallic deposit), Maizhokunggar Co. (Mozhugongka Co.), Lhasa, Tibet, China
Jiama Cu-polymetallic deposit (Gyama Cu-polymetallic deposit; Jiamachikang Cu-polymetallic deposit), Maizhokunggar Co. (Mozhugongka Co.), Lhasa, Tibet, China

ⓘ Anglesite

Formula: PbSO₄

References:

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Fengji Li, Lijuan Ying, Huan Wang, and Xiaoqian Tang (2011): Geological Journal of China Universities 17(2), 337-350

ⓘ Anhydrite

Formula: CaSO₄

Localities:

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃A

Localities:

ⓘ Arsenopyrite

Formula: FeAsS

References:

ⓘ Azurite

Formula: Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂

References:

LENG, Q., TANG, J., ZHENG, W., LIN, B. and TANG, P. (2014), Geological Features of the Jiama Porphyry Deposit in Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

Localities:

ⓘ Bornite

Formula: Cu₅FeS₄

Localities:

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

Localities:

ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'

Formula: A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂

Localities:

ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende'

Formula: A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂

Localities:

ⓘ Cerussite

Formula: PbCO₃

References:

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Fengji Li, Lijuan Ying, Huan Wang, and Xiaoqian Tang (2011): Geological Journal of China Universities 17(2), 337-350

ⓘ Chalcocite

Formula: Cu₂S

References:

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Fengji Li, Lijuan Ying, Huan Wang, and Xiaoqian Tang (2011): Geological Journal of China Universities 17(2), 337-350

Huan Wang, Liqiang Wang, Lijuan Ying, and Wenbao Zheng (2011): Mineral Deposits 30, 305-317

Zhi Zhang, Juxing Tang, Wenbao Zheng, Lijuan Ying, Xiaofeng Yao, Yi Yang, Zhenghua Hu, and Xiaoqian Tang (2013): Geology and Exploration 49(1), 9-18

LENG, Q., TANG, J., ZHENG, W., LIN, B. and TANG, P. (2014), Geological Features of the Jiama Porphyry Deposit in Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica

Zhao, Junfeng; Chen, Huayong; Xiao, Bing; Zhu, Yabo; Wang, Hao; Yang, Zhengkun; Du, Liang (2025) Linking Short-Wave Infrared Spectral Features of Tourmaline to Compositional Variations: Implications for Porphyry-Skarn Copper Mineralization. Economic Geology, 120 (2). 363-384 doi:10.5382/econgeo.5146

Wang, Mengdie; Tang, Juxing; Tang, Pan; Li, Faqiao; Qi, Jing; Wang, Zhichao; Xiong, Yan; Fu, Yuanhui; Yang, Zhengkun; Xu, Shuhui (2025) Multipulsed fluid evolution and tungsten prospecting potential of the giant Jiama skarn deposit, Tibet: Evidence from garnet geochemistry. Ore Geology Reviews, 184. 106752 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106752

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

Localities:

ⓘ Chalcostibite

Formula: CuSbS₂

Localities:

Jiama Cu-polymetallic deposit (Gyama Cu-polymetallic deposit; Jiamachikang Cu-polymetallic deposit), Maizhokunggar Co. (Mozhugongka Co.), Lhasa, Tibet, China
Cordilleran veins, Jiama Cu-polymetallic deposit (Gyama Cu-polymetallic deposit; Jiamachikang Cu-polymetallic deposit), Maizhokunggar Co. (Mozhugongka Co.), Lhasa, Tibet, China

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

Localities:

ⓘ Chrysocolla

Formula: Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1

References:

LENG, Q., TANG, J., ZHENG, W., LIN, B. and TANG, P. (2014), Geological Features of the Jiama Porphyry Deposit in Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica

ⓘ Covellite

Formula: CuS

References:

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Fengji Li, Lijuan Ying, Huan Wang, and Xiaoqian Tang (2011): Geological Journal of China Universities 17(2), 337-350

Huan Wang, Liqiang Wang, Lijuan Ying, and Wenbao Zheng (2011): Mineral Deposits 30, 305-317

Zhi Zhang, Juxing Tang, Wenbao Zheng, Lijuan Ying, Xiaofeng Yao, Yi Yang, Zhenghua Hu, and Xiaoqian Tang (2013): Geology and Exploration 49(1), 9-18

LENG, Q., TANG, J., ZHENG, W., LIN, B. and TANG, P. (2014), Geological Features of the Jiama Porphyry Deposit in Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica

ⓘ Cuprite

Formula: Cu₂O

References:

LENG, Q., TANG, J., ZHENG, W., LIN, B. and TANG, P. (2014), Geological Features of the Jiama Porphyry Deposit in Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica

ⓘ Digenite

Formula: Cu₉S₅

References:

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Zhesheng Chang, Fengji Li, and Xiaofeng Yao (2010): Geology and Exploration 46(6), 985-994

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

Localities:

ⓘ Dolomite

Formula: CaMg(CO₃)₂

References:

ⓘ Dravite

Formula: NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

References:

ⓘ Enargite

Formula: Cu₃AsS₄

Localities:

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Localities:

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

Localities:

ⓘ Fluorite

Formula: CaF₂

References:

Yunsheng Ren, Jinshu Zhang, Wenyu Fan, and Zhaoyang Cai (2002): Geology and Prospecting 38(5), 30-43

Peng Yao, Xuexiang Gu, Jingao Li, and Wenyu Fan (2006): Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition) 33(3), 286-293

Huan Wang, Liqiang Wang, Lijuan Ying, and Wenbao Zheng (2011): Mineral Deposits 30, 305-317

ⓘ Forsterite

Formula: Mg₂(SiO₄)

References:

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

Localities:

ⓘ Galena var. Silver-bearing Galena

Formula: PbS with Ag

References:

Beaudoin, G., Hébert, R., Wang, C., and Tang, J. (2000): Presented at the China & East Asia Symposium 2000.

ⓘ 'Garnet Group'

Formula: X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

Localities:

ⓘ Giessenite

Formula: Pb₂₇Cu₂(Bi,Sb)₁₉S₅₇

References:

Yingchen Ren (1999): Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research 14(1), 1-12, 38

ⓘ ~~Gladite~~

Formula: CuPbBi₅S₉

Description: The authors mention gladite (in Chinese 柱硫铋铜铅矿) as occurring here in the English abstract of their paper, but the Chinese text refers to this mineral as 硫铋铜矿, which translates as wittichenite. This also agrees with papers by other authors: several of them report wittichenite, but none of them reports gladite.

References:

Huan Wang, Liqiang Wang, Lijuan Ying, and Wenbao Zheng (2011): Mineral Deposits 30, 305-317

ⓘ Greenockite ?

Formula: CdS

Description: Zinc-rich CdS has been confirmed by electron microprobe analysis (Zheng et al., 2011), but a structural analysis to distinguish between greenockite and hawleyite was not carried out.

References:

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Fengji Li, Lijuan Ying, Huan Wang, and Xiaoqian Tang (2011): Geological Journal of China Universities 17(2), 337-350

ⓘ Grossular

Formula: Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

Huang, Y.-R.

Guo, N.

Tang, J.-X.

Shi, W.-X.

Huan Wang, Liqiang Wang, Lijuan Ying, and Wenbao Zheng (2011): Mineral Deposits 30, 305-317

Huang, Yi-Ru, Guo, Na, Tang, Ju-Xing, Shi, Wei-Xin, Ran, Feng-Qin (2020) Garnet Characteristics Associated with Jiama Porphyry-Skarn Cu Deposit 1# Skarn Orebody, Tibet, Using Thermal Infrared Spectroscopy. Minerals, 11 (1) 5 doi:10.3390/min11010005

Fu, Minghai, Dai, Jingjing, Zhao, Longxian (2022) A Study on the Raman Spectral Characteristics of Garnet from the Jiama Copper Polymetallic Deposit in Tibet. Minerals, 12 (12) 1578 doi:10.3390/min12121578

ⓘ Gypsum

Formula: CaSO₄ · 2H₂O

Localities:

ⓘ Hedenbergite

Formula: CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆

References:

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

LENG, Q., TANG, J., ZHENG, W., LIN, B. and TANG, P. (2014), Geological Features of the Jiama Porphyry Deposit in Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica

ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

ⓘ Hessite

Formula: Ag₂Te

References:

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Fengji Li, Lijuan Ying, Huan Wang, and Xiaoqian Tang (2011): Geological Journal of China Universities 17(2), 337-350

Zheng, S. J., Zhong, H., Bai, Z. J., Zhang, Z. K., & Wu, C. Q. (2020). High-sulfidation veins in the Jiama porphyry system, South Tibet. Mineralium Deposita, 1-10.

ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'

Formula: ◻Ca₂(C²⁺₄C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂

ⓘ Juxingite (TL)

Formula: Bi₆Cu⁺₁₃₈Cu²⁺₂Fe³⁺₃₀S₁₂₅

Type Locality:

References:

Gu, F.-H., Zhang, Y.M., Gu, X.-P., Fan, G., Jiang, S.-H., Zhao, Y., Cui, Z.-L., and Yang, Z.-K.: Juxingite, IMA 2024-011, in: CNMNC Newsletter 80, Eur. J. Mineral., 36, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-599-2024, 2024.

ⓘ Kaolinite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Localities:

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

Localities:

ⓘ 'Limonite'

References:

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

LENG, Q., TANG, J., ZHENG, W., LIN, B. and TANG, P. (2014), Geological Features of the Jiama Porphyry Deposit in Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica

ⓘ Luzonite

Formula: Cu₃AsS₄

Localities:

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

Localities:

ⓘ Malachite

Formula: Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂

References:

Huan Wang, Liqiang Wang, Lijuan Ying, and Wenbao Zheng (2011): Mineral Deposits 30, 305-317

Zhi Zhang, Juxing Tang, Wenbao Zheng, Lijuan Ying, Xiaofeng Yao, Yi Yang, Zhenghua Hu, and Xiaoqian Tang (2013): Geology and Exploration 49(1), 9-18

LENG, Q., TANG, J., ZHENG, W., LIN, B. and TANG, P. (2014), Geological Features of the Jiama Porphyry Deposit in Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica

ⓘ Molybdenite

Formula: MoS₂

Localities:

ⓘ Montmorillonite

Formula: (Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

References:

Huang, Y.-R.

Guo, N.

Tang, J.-X.

Shi, W.-X.

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Localities:

ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite

Formula: K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Localities:

ⓘ Native Copper

Formula: Cu

References:

LENG, Q., TANG, J., ZHENG, W., LIN, B. and TANG, P. (2014), Geological Features of the Jiama Porphyry Deposit in Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica

ⓘ Native Gold

Formula: Au

Localities:

ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum

Formula: (Au,Ag)

References:

ⓘ Native Silver

Formula: Ag

References:

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Fengji Li, Lijuan Ying, Huan Wang, and Xiaoqian Tang (2011): Geological Journal of China Universities 17(2), 337-350

LENG, Q., TANG, J., ZHENG, W., LIN, B. and TANG, P. (2014), Geological Features of the Jiama Porphyry Deposit in Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica

ⓘ Orpiment

Formula: As₂S₃

References:

LENG, Q., TANG, J., ZHENG, W., LIN, B. and TANG, P. (2014), Geological Features of the Jiama Porphyry Deposit in Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica

ⓘ Oxy-dravite

Formula: Na(Al₂Mg)(Al₅Mg)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O

References:

ⓘ Paragonite

Formula: NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Petzite

Formula: Ag₃AuTe₂

References:

Zheng, S. J., Zhong, H., Bai, Z. J., Zhang, Z. K., & Wu, C. Q. (2020). High-sulfidation veins in the Jiama porphyry system, South Tibet. Mineralium Deposita, 1-10.

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈

Localities:

ⓘ Povondraite

Formula: NaFe³⁺₃(Mg₂Fe³⁺₄)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O

References:

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

Localities:

ⓘ Pyrope

Formula: Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'

Formula: ADSi₂O₆

Localities:

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

Localities:

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Localities:

ⓘ Realgar

Formula: As₄S₄

References:

LENG, Q., TANG, J., ZHENG, W., LIN, B. and TANG, P. (2014), Geological Features of the Jiama Porphyry Deposit in Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

Locality: Zegulangbei deposit, Jiama Cu-polymetallic deposit (Gyama Cu-polymetallic deposit; Jiamachikang Cu-polymetallic deposit), Maizhokunggar Co. (Mozhugongka Co.), Lhasa, Tibet, China

References:

Tang, Pan; Tang, Juxing; Zhou, Aorigele; Lin, Bin; Li, Faqiao; Qi, Jing; Wang, Mengdie; Xiong, Yan; Fu, Yuanhui; Zhang, Zhongkun; et al. (2026) Magmatic and metallogenic processes of the Zegulangbei deposit in the Jiama ore district: Insights from zircon and apatite geochemistry. Ore Geology Reviews, 188. 107082 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.107082

ⓘ 'Scapolite'

References:

ⓘ Scheelite

Formula: Ca(WO₄)

References:

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Fengji Li, Lijuan Ying, Huan Wang, and Xiaoqian Tang (2011): Geological Journal of China Universities 17(2), 337-350

ⓘ Schorl

Formula: NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

References:

ⓘ Sinnerite

Formula: Cu₆As₄S₉

Locality: Cordilleran veins, Jiama Cu-polymetallic deposit (Gyama Cu-polymetallic deposit; Jiamachikang Cu-polymetallic deposit), Maizhokunggar Co. (Mozhugongka Co.), Lhasa, Tibet, China

References:

Zheng, Shi-Ji, Gu, Xiang-Ping, Bai, Zhong-Jie, Zhang, Zhong-Kun (2024) Zhonghongite, Cu29(As,Sb)12S33, a new mineral from the high-sulfidation vein of Jiama porphyry system, Tibet, China. American Mineralogist, 110 (2). 312-318 doi:10.2138/am-2024-9338

ⓘ 'Smectite Group'

Formula: A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O

References:

ⓘ Spessartine

Formula: Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

Localities:

ⓘ Sphalerite var. Marmatite

Formula: (Zn,Fe)S

References:

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Fengji Li, Lijuan Ying, Huan Wang, and Xiaoqian Tang (2011): Geological Journal of China Universities 17(2), 337-350

ⓘ Sylvanite

Formula: AgAuTe₄

References:

Zheng, S. J., Zhong, H., Bai, Z. J., Zhang, Z. K., & Wu, C. Q. (2020). High-sulfidation veins in the Jiama porphyry system, South Tibet. Mineralium Deposita, 1-10.

ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)As₄S₁₂S

References:

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Fengji Li, Lijuan Ying, Huan Wang, and Xiaoqian Tang (2011): Geological Journal of China Universities 17(2), 337-350

Zheng, S. J., Zhong, H., Bai, Z. J., Zhang, Z. K., & Wu, C. Q. (2020). High-sulfidation veins in the Jiama porphyry system, South Tibet. Mineralium Deposita, 1-10.

ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup var. Zinc-bearing Tennantite'

Formula: Cu₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂]As₄S₁₃

References:

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Fengji Li, Lijuan Ying, Huan Wang, and Xiaoqian Tang (2011): Geological Journal of China Universities 17(2), 337-350

ⓘ Tenorite

Formula: CuO

References:

ⓘ Tetradymite

Formula: Bi₂Te₂S

References:

Lijuan Ying, Denghong Wang, Juxing Tang, Huan Wang, Zhenyu Chen, Wenbao Zheng, and Fengji Li (2010): Journal of Jilin University, Earth Science Edition 55(4),801-809

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Group'

Formula: ^M2(A₆)^M1(B₄ C₂)^X3(D₄)^S1(Y₁₂)^S2(Z)

Locality: Cordilleran veins, Jiama Cu-polymetallic deposit (Gyama Cu-polymetallic deposit; Jiamachikang Cu-polymetallic deposit), Maizhokunggar Co. (Mozhugongka Co.), Lhasa, Tibet, China

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S

References:

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Fengji Li, Lijuan Ying, Huan Wang, and Xiaoqian Tang (2011): Geological Journal of China Universities 17(2), 337-350

Huan Wang, Liqiang Wang, Lijuan Ying, and Wenbao Zheng (2011): Mineral Deposits 30, 305-317

Zhi Zhang, Juxing Tang, Wenbao Zheng, Lijuan Ying, Xiaofeng Yao, Yi Yang, Zhenghua Hu, and Xiaoqian Tang (2013): Geology and Exploration 49(1), 9-18

LENG, Q., TANG, J., ZHENG, W., LIN, B. and TANG, P. (2014), Geological Features of the Jiama Porphyry Deposit in Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica

Zheng, S. J., Zhong, H., Bai, Z. J., Zhang, Z. K., & Wu, C. Q. (2020). High-sulfidation veins in the Jiama porphyry system, South Tibet. Mineralium Deposita, 1-10.

Xiong, Yan; Tang, Juxing; Tang, Pan; Li, Faqiao; Wang, Mengdie; Qi, Jing; Wang, Zhichao; Xu, Shuhui; Fu, Yuanhui; Wang, Wei; et al. (2025) LA-ICP-MS trace element geochemistry and sulfur isotopic compositions of sphalerite from Jiama deposit: Implications for its genesis and mineralization processes. Ore Geology Reviews, 186. 106856 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106856

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup var. Bismuth-bearing Tetrahedrite'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄(Fe/Zn)₂)(Sb,Bi)₄S₁₂S

References:

Lijuan Ying, Denghong Wang, Juxing Tang, Huan Wang, Zhenyu Chen, Wenbao Zheng, and Fengji Li (2010): Journal of Jilin University, Earth Science Edition 55(4),801-809

ⓘ Tetrahedrite-(Zn)

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₂S

References:

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTiO(SiO₄)

Localities:

ⓘ 'Tourmaline'

Formula: AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z

Localities:

ⓘ Tremolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

References:

Shengrong Li, Wanming Yuan, Wenjun Qu, Jun Deng, and Zengqian Hou (2008): Acta Petrologica Sinica 24(3), 511-518

Zhi Zhang, Juxing Tang, Wenbao Zheng, Lijuan Ying, Xiaofeng Yao, Yi Yang, Zhenghua Hu, and Xiaoqian Tang (2013): Geology and Exploration 49(1), 9-18

ⓘ Watanabeite

Formula: Cu₄(As,Sb)₂S₅

Localities:

ⓘ 'White mica'

References:

ⓘ Wittichenite

Formula: Cu₃BiS₃

Localities:

ⓘ Wollastonite

Formula: Ca₃(Si₃O₉)

Localities:

ⓘ Zhonghongite (TL)

Formula: Cu₂₉(As,Sb)₁₂S₃₃

Type Locality:

References:

Bosi, Ferdinando, Hatert, Frédéric, Pasero, Marco, Mills, Stuart J. (2024) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) – Newsletter 77. European Journal of Mineralogy, 36 (1). 165-172 doi:10.5194/ejm-36-165-2024

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

Localities:

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Copper	1.AA.05	Cu
ⓘ	Native Gold var. Electrum	1.AA.05	(Au,Ag)
ⓘ		1.AA.05	Au
ⓘ	Native Silver	1.AA.05	Ag
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Juxingite (TL)	2.BA.	Bi₆Cu⁺₁₃₈Cu²⁺₂Fe³⁺₃₀S₁₂₅
ⓘ	Chalcocite	2.BA.05	Cu₂S
ⓘ	Digenite	2.BA.10	Cu₉S₅
ⓘ	Bornite	2.BA.15	Cu₅FeS₄
ⓘ	Acanthite	2.BA.35	Ag₂S
ⓘ	Hessite	2.BA.60	Ag₂Te
ⓘ	Petzite	2.BA.75	Ag₃AuTe₂
ⓘ	Covellite	2.CA.05a	CuS
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	var. Marmatite	2.CB.05a	(Zn,Fe)S
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Greenockite ?	2.CB.45	CdS
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	var. Silver-bearing Galena	2.CD.10	PbS with Ag
ⓘ	Tetradymite	2.DC.05	Bi₂Te₂S
ⓘ	Sylvanite	2.EA.05	AgAuTe₄
ⓘ	Molybdenite	2.EA.30	MoS₂
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Arsenopyrite	2.EB.20	FeAsS
ⓘ	Realgar	2.FA.15a	As₄S₄
ⓘ	Orpiment	2.FA.30	As₂S₃
ⓘ	Wittichenite	2.GA.20	Cu₃BiS₃
ⓘ	'Tetrahedrite Subgroup var. Bismuth-bearing Tetrahedrite'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄(Fe/Zn)₂)(Sb,Bi)₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	'Tennantite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)As₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	'Tennantite Subgroup var. Zinc-bearing Tennantite'	2.GB.05	Cu₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂]As₄S₁₃
ⓘ	Tetrahedrite-(Zn)	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	Sinnerite	2.GC.10	Cu₆As₄S₉
ⓘ	Watanabeite	2.GC.15	Cu₄(As,Sb)₂S₅
ⓘ	Chalcostibite	2.HA.05	CuSbS₂
ⓘ	Zhonghongite (TL)	2.HA.30	Cu₂₉(As,Sb)₁₂S₃₃
ⓘ	Aikinite	2.HB.05a	CuPbBiS₃
ⓘ	Gladite ?	2.HB.05a	CuPbBi₅S₉
ⓘ	Giessenite	2.HB.10b	Pb₂₇Cu₂(Bi,Sb)₁₉S₅₇
ⓘ	Enargite	2.KA.05	Cu₃AsS₄
ⓘ	Luzonite	2.KA.10	Cu₃AsS₄
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Fluorite	3.AB.25	CaF₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Cuprite	4.AA.10	Cu₂O
ⓘ	Tenorite	4.AB.10	CuO
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	var. Specularite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Dolomite	5.AB.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Cerussite	5.AB.15	PbCO₃
ⓘ	Azurite	5.BA.05	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Malachite	5.BA.10	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Anhydrite	7.AD.30	CaSO₄
ⓘ	Anglesite	7.AD.35	PbSO₄
ⓘ	Gypsum	7.CD.40	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Scheelite	7.GA.05	Ca(WO₄)
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Forsterite	9.AC.05	Mg₂(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Andradite	9.AD.25	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Almandine	9.AD.25	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Grossular	9.AD.25	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Pyrope	9.AD.25	Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Spessartine	9.AD.25	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Andalusite	9.AF.10	Al₂(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTiO(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Dravite	9.CK.05	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Povondraite	9.CK.05	NaFe³⁺₃(Mg₂Fe³⁺₄)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
ⓘ	Schorl	9.CK.05	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Oxy-dravite	9.CK.05	Na(Al₂Mg)(Al₅Mg)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Hedenbergite	9.DA.15	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Actinolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Tremolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Wollastonite	9.DG.05	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
ⓘ	Muscovite var. Illite	9.EC.15	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
ⓘ		9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Paragonite	9.EC.15	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite var. Sericite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Montmorillonite	9.EC.40	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Kaolinite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Chrysocolla	9.ED.20	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Amphibole Supergroup'	-	AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group'	-
ⓘ	'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende'	-	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-
ⓘ	'Tourmaline'	-	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
ⓘ	'Scapolite'	-
ⓘ	'Hornblende Root Name Group'	-	◻Ca₂(C²⁺₄C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
ⓘ	'Plagioclase'	-	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Pyroxene Group'	-	ADSi₂O₆
ⓘ	'Garnet Group'	-	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	'Smectite Group'	-	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
ⓘ	'Tetrahedrite Group'	-	^M2(A₆)^M1(B₄ C₂)^X3(D₄)^S1(Y₁₂)^S2(Z)
ⓘ	'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'	-	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
ⓘ	'White mica'	-

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
H	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
H	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Povondraite	NaFe₃³⁺(Mg₂Fe₄³⁺)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
H	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Oxy-dravite	Na(Al₂Mg)(Al₅Mg)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
H	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
B	Boron
B	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
B	ⓘ Povondraite	NaFe₃³⁺(Mg₂Fe₄³⁺)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
B	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
B	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
B	ⓘ Oxy-dravite	Na(Al₂Mg)(Al₅Mg)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
C	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂
O	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Anglesite	PbSO₄
O	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
O	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
O	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
O	ⓘ Cuprite	Cu₂O
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
O	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Povondraite	NaFe₃³⁺(Mg₂Fe₄³⁺)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
O	ⓘ Pyrope	Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)
O	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Tenorite	CuO
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
O	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(C₄²⁺C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
O	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Oxy-dravite	Na(Al₂Mg)(Al₅Mg)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
O	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
F	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Na	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Na	ⓘ Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Povondraite	NaFe₃³⁺(Mg₂Fe₄³⁺)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
Na	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Na	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Na	ⓘ Oxy-dravite	Na(Al₂Mg)(Al₅Mg)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Mg	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂(SiO₄)
Mg	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Mg	ⓘ Povondraite	NaFe₃³⁺(Mg₂Fe₄³⁺)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
Mg	ⓘ Pyrope	Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Mg	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Oxy-dravite	Na(Al₂Mg)(Al₅Mg)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Al	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Al	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Pyrope	Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(C₄²⁺C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Al	ⓘ Oxy-dravite	Na(Al₂Mg)(Al₅Mg)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
Al	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Povondraite	NaFe₃³⁺(Mg₂Fe₄³⁺)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
Si	ⓘ Pyrope	Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(C₄²⁺C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Oxy-dravite	Na(Al₂Mg)(Al₅Mg)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
Si	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Acanthite	Ag₂S
S	ⓘ Aikinite	CuPbBiS₃
S	ⓘ Anglesite	PbSO₄
S	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup var. Bismuth-bearing Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄(Fe/Zn)₂)(Sb,Bi)₄S₁₂S
S	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
S	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
S	ⓘ Chalcostibite	CuSbS₂
S	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
S	ⓘ Digenite	Cu₉S₅
S	ⓘ Enargite	Cu₃AsS₄
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Giessenite	Pb₂₇Cu₂(Bi,Sb)₁₉S₅₇
S	ⓘ Gladite	CuPbBi₅S₉
S	ⓘ Greenockite	CdS
S	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Luzonite	Cu₃AsS₄
S	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
S	ⓘ Orpiment	As₂S₃
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Realgar	As₄S₄
S	ⓘ Sinnerite	Cu₆As₄S₉
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
S	ⓘ Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₂S
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
S	ⓘ Watanabeite	Cu₄(As,Sb)₂S₅
S	ⓘ Wittichenite	Cu₃BiS₃
S	ⓘ Sphalerite var. Marmatite	(Zn,Fe)S
S	ⓘ Galena var. Silver-bearing Galena	PbS with Ag
S	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup var. Zinc-bearing Tennantite	Cu₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂]As₄S₁₃
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Group	^M2(A₆)^M1(B₄ C₂)^X3(D₄)^S1(Y₁₂)^S2(Z)
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite-(Zn)	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
S	ⓘ Zhonghongite	Cu₂₉(As,Sb)₁₂S₃₃
S	ⓘ Juxingite	Bi₆Cu⁺₁₃₈Cu₂²⁺Fe₃₀³⁺S₁₂₅
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Ca	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
Ca	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Ca	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Ca	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Ca	ⓘ Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Ca	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
Ca	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(C₄²⁺C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
Ca	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
Ca	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Fe	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup var. Bismuth-bearing Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄(Fe/Zn)₂)(Sb,Bi)₄S₁₂S
Fe	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
Fe	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Povondraite	NaFe₃³⁺(Mg₂Fe₄³⁺)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃O
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Sphalerite var. Marmatite	(Zn,Fe)S
Fe	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup var. Zinc-bearing Tennantite	Cu₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂]As₄S₁₃
Fe	ⓘ Juxingite	Bi₆Cu⁺₁₃₈Cu₂²⁺Fe₃₀³⁺S₁₂₅
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Aikinite	CuPbBiS₃
Cu	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup var. Bismuth-bearing Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄(Fe/Zn)₂)(Sb,Bi)₄S₁₂S
Cu	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
Cu	ⓘ Chalcostibite	CuSbS₂
Cu	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Cu	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
Cu	ⓘ Cuprite	Cu₂O
Cu	ⓘ Native Copper	Cu
Cu	ⓘ Digenite	Cu₉S₅
Cu	ⓘ Enargite	Cu₃AsS₄
Cu	ⓘ Giessenite	Pb₂₇Cu₂(Bi,Sb)₁₉S₅₇
Cu	ⓘ Gladite	CuPbBi₅S₉
Cu	ⓘ Luzonite	Cu₃AsS₄
Cu	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Sinnerite	Cu₆As₄S₉
Cu	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
Cu	ⓘ Tenorite	CuO
Cu	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Cu	ⓘ Watanabeite	Cu₄(As,Sb)₂S₅
Cu	ⓘ Wittichenite	Cu₃BiS₃
Cu	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup var. Zinc-bearing Tennantite	Cu₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂]As₄S₁₃
Cu	ⓘ Tetrahedrite-(Zn)	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
Cu	ⓘ Zhonghongite	Cu₂₉(As,Sb)₁₂S₃₃
Cu	ⓘ Juxingite	Bi₆Cu⁺₁₃₈Cu₂²⁺Fe₃₀³⁺S₁₂₅
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup var. Bismuth-bearing Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄(Fe/Zn)₂)(Sb,Bi)₄S₁₂S
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite var. Marmatite	(Zn,Fe)S
Zn	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup var. Zinc-bearing Tennantite	Cu₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂]As₄S₁₃
Zn	ⓘ Tetrahedrite-(Zn)	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
As	ⓘ Enargite	Cu₃AsS₄
As	ⓘ Luzonite	Cu₃AsS₄
As	ⓘ Orpiment	As₂S₃
As	ⓘ Realgar	As₄S₄
As	ⓘ Sinnerite	Cu₆As₄S₉
As	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
As	ⓘ Watanabeite	Cu₄(As,Sb)₂S₅
As	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup var. Zinc-bearing Tennantite	Cu₆[Cu₄(Fe,Zn)₂]As₄S₁₃
As	ⓘ Zhonghongite	Cu₂₉(As,Sb)₁₂S₃₃
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Mo	Molybdenum
Mo	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Acanthite	Ag₂S
Ag	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Ag	ⓘ Hessite	Ag₂Te
Ag	ⓘ Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
Ag	ⓘ Native Silver	Ag
Ag	ⓘ Sylvanite	AgAuTe₄
Ag	ⓘ Galena var. Silver-bearing Galena	PbS with Ag
Cd	Cadmium
Cd	ⓘ Greenockite	CdS
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup var. Bismuth-bearing Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄(Fe/Zn)₂)(Sb,Bi)₄S₁₂S
Sb	ⓘ Chalcostibite	CuSbS₂
Sb	ⓘ Giessenite	Pb₂₇Cu₂(Bi,Sb)₁₉S₅₇
Sb	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Sb	ⓘ Watanabeite	Cu₄(As,Sb)₂S₅
Sb	ⓘ Tetrahedrite-(Zn)	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
Sb	ⓘ Zhonghongite	Cu₂₉(As,Sb)₁₂S₃₃
Te	Tellurium
Te	ⓘ Hessite	Ag₂Te
Te	ⓘ Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
Te	ⓘ Sylvanite	AgAuTe₄
Te	ⓘ Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₂S
W	Tungsten
W	ⓘ Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)
Au	Gold
Au	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Au	ⓘ Native Gold	Au
Au	ⓘ Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
Au	ⓘ Sylvanite	AgAuTe₄
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Aikinite	CuPbBiS₃
Pb	ⓘ Anglesite	PbSO₄
Pb	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Pb	ⓘ Giessenite	Pb₂₇Cu₂(Bi,Sb)₁₉S₅₇
Pb	ⓘ Gladite	CuPbBi₅S₉
Pb	ⓘ Galena var. Silver-bearing Galena	PbS with Ag
Bi	Bismuth
Bi	ⓘ Aikinite	CuPbBiS₃
Bi	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup var. Bismuth-bearing Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄(Fe/Zn)₂)(Sb,Bi)₄S₁₂S
Bi	ⓘ Giessenite	Pb₂₇Cu₂(Bi,Sb)₁₉S₅₇
Bi	ⓘ Gladite	CuPbBi₅S₉
Bi	ⓘ Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₂S
Bi	ⓘ Wittichenite	Cu₃BiS₃
Bi	ⓘ Juxingite	Bi₆Cu⁺₁₃₈Cu₂²⁺Fe₃₀³⁺S₁₂₅

Localities in this Region

China

Tibet
- Lhasa
  - Maizhokunggar Co. (Mozhugongka Co.)
    - Jiama Cu-polymetallic deposit (Gyama Cu-polymetallic deposit; Jiamachikang Cu-polymetallic deposit)
      - Cordilleran veins
      - Zegulangbei deposit

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AsiaContinent

Hindukush Himalayan RegionGroup of Mountain Ranges

China

Southern Tibet - Tengchong Li Mineral BeltMineral Belt
⭔Southwest ChinaRegion
Tibet
- Bangonghu–Nujiang metallogenic beltMineral Belt
- Gangdese Metallogenic BeltMineral Belt

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

Llhasa terrane
- Gangdese ArcVolcanic Arc

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Beaudoin, G., Hébert, R., Wang, C., and Tang, J. (2000): Metallogeny of the Gangdise Arc and Xigaze Ophiolite Belt, Southern Tibet, China. Presented at the China & East Asia Symposium 2000.

Qu, X., Hou, Z., and Huang, W. (2001): Is Gangdese porphyry copper deposit belt the second Yulong copper deposit belt ? Mineral Deposits 20(4), 353-366 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Wanming Yuan, Zengqian Hou, Shengrong Li, and Shicheng Wang (2001): Fission track evidence on thermal history of Jiama polymetallic ore district, Tibet. Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 44(s), 139-145.

china-resources.net (n.d.) http://china-resources.net/cearconv/abstract.html

Fengcu Pan, Jun Deng, Peng Yao, Qingfei Wang, and Yuxiang Liu (2002): The eruptive origins of copper and multi-metal deposits in the skarns in Jiama, Tibet. Geoscience 16(4), 359-364.

Rui, Z., Wang, L., and Wang, Y. (2002): Porphyry copper deposit models in China: Workshop on Assessing Undiscovered Mineral Resources, June 24-28, Beijing, China, China Geological Survey and U.S. Geological Survey, p. 42-52.

Gao, Y., Hou, Z., Wei, R., and Zhao, R. (2003): Post-collisional adakitic porphyries in Tibet: geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic constraints on partial melting of oceanic lithosphere and crust-mantle interaction: Acta Geologica Sinica 77(2), 194-203.

Hou, Z., Mo, X., Gao, Y., Qu, X., and Meng, X. (2003): Adakite, a possible host rock for porphyry copper deposits: Case studies of porphyry copper belts in Tibetan Plateau and in Northern Chile. Mineral Deposits 22(1), 1-12 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Zhiying Huang and Guangming Li (2004): Basic characteristics of copper deposits and their prospecting in the Yaluzangbujiang metallogenic province, Tibet. Geology and Prospecting 40(1), 1-6 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Xiangang Meng, Zhaogang Shao, Chaobin Yang, Weizhi Lei, Jin Wang, Xiangyang Feng, Dagang Zhu, Jia Yu, Jianjun Du, and Jian'en Han (2004): Geological model of Cenozoic hydrothermal metallogenesis in the Lhünzhub area, Tibet. Geological Bulletin of China 23(4), 381-389 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Guangming Li, Zongyao Rui, Gaoming Wang, Fangcheng Lin, Bo Liu, Hongquan She, Chengyou Feng, and Wenjun Qu (2005): Molybdenite Re-Os dating of Jiama and Zhibula polymetallic copper deposits in Gangdese metallogenic belt of Tibet and its significance. Mineral Deposits 24(5), 481-489 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Guangming Li, Bo Liu, Wenjun Qu, Fangcheng Lin, Hongquan She, and Chenyou Feng (2005): The Porphyry-Skarn Ore-Forming System in Gangdese Metallogenic Belt, Southern Xizang: Evidence from Molybdenite Re-Os Age of Porphyry-Type Copper Deposits and Skarn-Type Copper Polymetallic Deposits. Geotectonica et Metallogenia 29(4), 482-490 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Hongquan She, Chengyou Feng, Dequan Zhang, Guangming Li, Bo Liu, and Jinwen Li (2006): Study on the fluid inclusions from Jiama skarn copper polymetallic deposit and Qulong porphyry copper deposit in Gandese copper belt, Tibet. Acta Petrologica Sinica 22(3), 689-696 (in Chinese).

Peng Yao, Jingao Li, Xuexiang Gu, Minghua Zheng, and Jiankun Chen (2006): A Discussion on the Genesis of the Stratabound Skarn in the Jiama Copper and Polymetallic Deposit of Tibet on the Basis of REE and Silicon Isotope Geochemistry. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 25(4), 305-313 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Xiaoming, Qu; Hou, Zengqian; Zaw, Khin; Youguo, Li (2007) Characteristics and genesis of Gangdese porphyry copper deposits in the southern Tibetan Plateau: Preliminary geochemical and geochronological results. Ore Geology Reviews, 31 (1). doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.03.012

Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155

Hou, Zengqian; Yang, Zhiming; Qu, Xiaoming; Meng, Xiangjin; Li, Zhenqing; Beaudoin, G.; Rui, Zongyao; Gao, Yongfeng; Zaw, Khin (2009) The Miocene Gangdese porphyry copper belt generated during post-collisional extension in the Tibetan Orogen. Ore Geology Reviews, 36 (1). doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2008.09.006

Lijuan Ying, Denghong Wang, Juxing Tang, Huan Wang, Zhenyu Chen, Wenbao Zheng, and Fengji Li (2010): Bismuth Minerals and Its Relationship with Copper Mineralization in the Jiama Copper Polymetallic Deposit, Tibet. Journal of Jilin University, Earth Science Edition 55(4),801-809.

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Zhesheng Chang, Fengji Li, and Xiaofeng Yao (2010): Geological and geochemical characteristics and genesis of the Jiama polymetallic copper deposit in Tibet. Geology and Exploration 46(6), 985-994.

Huan Wang, Liqiang Wang, Lijuan Ying, and Wenbao Zheng (2011): Features and genesis of bornite in Jiama copper-polymetallic deposit of Tibet. Mineral Deposits 30, 305-317 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Wenbao Zheng, Juxing Tang, Fengji Li, Lijuan Ying, Huan Wang, and Xiaoqian Tang (2011): Genesis and prospecting significance of lead-zinc ore bodies in Jiama mining area, Tibet. Geological Journal of China Universities 17(2), 337-350 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Huijuan Peng, Xiongwu Wang, Lin Hou, Zhipeng Qin, and Yun Zhou (2012): Characteristics of quartz in stock work veins from Jiama copper polymetallic deposit, Tibet. Mineral Deposits 31(3), 465-479 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Bin Lin, Juxing Tang, Zhi Zhang, Wenbao Zheng, Qiufeng Leng, Wanting Zhong, and Lijuan Ying (2012): Preliminary study of fissure system in Jiama porphyry deposit of Tibet and its significance. Mineral Deposits 31(3), 579-589 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Zhi Zhang, Juxing Tang, Wenbao Zheng, Lijuan Ying, Xiaofeng Yao, Yi Yang, Zhenghua Hu, and Xiaoqian Tang (2013): Geological features of the ore shoots from the Jiama copper-polymetallic deposit in Tibet. Geology and Exploration 49(1), 9-18 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Zheng, S. J., Zhong, H., Bai, Z. J., Zhang, Z. K., & Wu, C. Q. (2020). High-sulfidation veins in the Jiama porphyry system, South Tibet. Mineralium Deposita, 1-10.

Zheng, Wenbao, Wang, Yiyun (2021) Temporal–Spatial Separation of Cu from Mo in the Jiama Porphyry Copper–Polymetallic Deposit, Southern Tibet, China. Minerals, 11 (6) 609 doi:10.3390/min11060609

Dai, Jingjing; Zhao, Longxian; Lin, Bin; Tang, Pan; Fu, Minghai (2023) Thermal infrared spectroscopy studies on skarn minerals for exploration of the Jiama Cu-Mo deposit, Tibet, China. Ore Geology Reviews, 157. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105437

[1]Zhao, Junfeng; Chen, Huayong; Xiao, Bing; Zhu, Yabo; Wang, Hao; Yang, Zhengkun; Du, Liang (2025) Linking Short-Wave Infrared Spectral Features of Tourmaline to Compositional Variations: Implications for Porphyry-Skarn Copper Mineralization. Economic Geology, 120 (2). 363-384 doi:10.5382/econgeo.5146

[2]Xiong, Yan; Tang, Juxing; Tang, Pan; Li, Faqiao; Wang, Mengdie; Qi, Jing; Wang, Zhichao; Xu, Shuhui; Fu, Yuanhui; Wang, Wei; et al. (2025) LA-ICP-MS trace element geochemistry and sulfur isotopic compositions of sphalerite from Jiama deposit: Implications for its genesis and mineralization processes. Ore Geology Reviews, 186. 106856 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106856

[3]Zhong, Jun; Tang, Juxing; Wang, Brant; Tang, Pan; Lin, Bin; Li, Yixuan; Wang, Mengdie; Qi, Jing; Wang, Zhichao; Xu, Shuhui; et al. (2026) Geochemistry of Chlorite from the North Zegulang Ore Block of the Jiama Deposit, Tibet: Implications for Fluid Evolution and the Mineralization Center. Minerals, 16 (5). doi:10.3390/min16050508

Zhang, Chunhu; He, Li; Gong, Jiansheng; He, Zhengwei; Zhao, Junkang; Chen, Xin (2026) Research on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Prospecting Model for Porphyry Copper Deposits: A Case Study of the Qulong–Jiama Ore District. Minerals, 16 (1). doi:10.3390/min16010078

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