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Tulppio, Savukoski, Lapland, Finlandi
Regional Level Types
Tulppio- not defined -
SavukoskiMunicipality
LaplandRegion
FinlandCountry

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06028110017272056548825.jpg
Anatase

Sokli carbonatite complex, Tulppio, Savukoski, Lapland, Finland
06028110017272056548825.jpg
Anatase

Sokli carbonatite complex, Tulppio, Savukoski, Lapland, Finland
06028110017272056548825.jpg
Anatase

Sokli carbonatite complex, Tulppio, Savukoski, Lapland, Finland
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
67° 46' 8'' North , 29° 12' 43'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
67.76898,29.21219
GeoHash:
G#: ushc88zwv
GRN:
N46E09
Köppen climate type:
Dfc : Subarctic climate
Mindat Locality ID:
283045
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:283045:5
GUID (UUID V4):
0


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Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

70 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

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Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘ Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ 'Alkali amphibole'
References:
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)
Formula: (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ 'Allanite Group'
Formula: (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ Alstonite
Formula: BaCa(CO3)2
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ Anatase
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ 'Ancylite'
ⓘ Ancylite-(Ce)
Formula: CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
ⓘ Ancylite-(La)
Formula: LaSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ Arfvedsonite
Formula: [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘ Baddeleyite
Formula: ZrO2
References:
Vartiainen, H. 1980 The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonative massif, northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin, 313
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ Barytocalcite
Formula: BaCa(CO3)2
ⓘ 'Bastnäsite'
Formula: (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(CO3)F
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Britholite-(Ce)
Formula: (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
ⓘ Burbankite
Formula: (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5
ⓘ Calcioancylite-(Ce)
Formula: (Ce,Ca,Sr)CO3(OH,H2O)
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Calzirtite
Formula: Ca2Zr5Ti2O16
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ Cheralite
Formula: CaTh(PO4)2
ⓘ Clinohumite
Formula: Mg9(SiO4)4F2
References:
Vartiainen, H. 1980 The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonative massif, northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin, 313
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
ⓘ Crandallite
Formula: CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘ Eckermannite
Formula: NaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Edenite
Formula: NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
References:
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
ⓘ Ferroselite
Formula: FeSe2
ⓘ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
ⓘ Forsterite
Formula: Mg2SiO4
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
References:
Vartiainen, H. 1980 The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonative massif, northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin, 313
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Halite
Formula: NaCl
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Huttonite
Formula: ThSiO4
ⓘ Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(CO3)(OH)
ⓘ 'Iddingsite'
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ Lepidocrocite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite
Formula: {Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
References:
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
ⓘ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ 'Mica Group'
References:
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
ⓘ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(PO4)
ⓘ 'Monazite Group'
Formula: REE(PO4)
ⓘ Montmorillonite
Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘ Nahcolite
Formula: NaHCO3
ⓘ Perovskite
Formula: CaTiO3
References:
Vartiainen, H. 1980 The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonative massif, northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin, 313
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
ⓘ Perovskite var. Dysanalyte
Formula: CaTiO3
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ 'Psilomelane'
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)'
Formula: (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
References:
Vartiainen, H. 1980 The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonative massif, northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin, 313
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
ⓘ 'Rhabdophane'
ⓘ Richterite
Formula: Na(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
References:
Vartiainen, H. 1980 The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonative massif, northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin, 313
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile
Formula: (Ti,Nb)O2
ⓘ Schorl
Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'
Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4
References:
Vartiainen, H. 1980 The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonative massif, northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin, 313
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
ⓘ Siderite
Formula: FeCO3
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
References:
Vartiainen, H. 1980 The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonative massif, northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin, 313
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
ⓘ Stilpnomelane
Formula: (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
ⓘ Strontianite
Formula: SrCO3
ⓘ 'Strontiapatite'
ⓘ 'Strontium-Apatite'
ⓘ Sylvite
Formula: KCl
ⓘ Tainiolite
Formula: KLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite
Formula: KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
References:
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
ⓘ Thorite
Formula: Th(SiO4)
ⓘ Vermiculite
Formula: Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
ⓘ Whewellite
Formula: Ca(C2O4) · H2O
ⓘ Witherite
Formula: BaCO3
References:
Vartiainen, H. 1980 The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonative massif, northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin, 313
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
ⓘ 'Xenotime'
ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)
Formula: Y(PO4)
ⓘ Zektzerite
Formula: LiNaZrSi6O15
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
References:
Vartiainen, H. 1980 The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonative massif, northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin, 313
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
ⓘ Zirconolite
Formula: CaZrTi2O7
ⓘ Zirkelite
Formula: (Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x
References:
Vartiainen, H. 1980 The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonative massif, northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin, 313
Albers, K.-H., Woolley, A.R., Garcia, D. & Sonnet, P. 1998. Development of new technology for utilisation of the unique Nb deposit at Sokli, Finland, for the European super-alloy industry.
Proceedings of the First Annual Workshop (Eurothen '98), Athens, Greece, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 449-472.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1974) The age of the Sokli carbonatite, Finland and some relationships of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finl. vol 46, 81- 91,
Kononova, V. A., Shanin, L. L., & Arakelyants, M. M. (1974). Times of formation of alkaline massifs and carbonatites. International Geology Review, 16(10), 1119-1130.
H. Vartiainen, A.R. Woolley (1976) The petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the fenites of the Sokli carbonatite intrusion, Finland. Geol. Surv. of Finland, Bull. 280
Mäkelä, M., & Vartiainen, H. (1978). A study of sulfur isotopes in the Sokli multi-stage carbonatite (Finland). Chemical Geology, 21(3-4), 257-265.
Vartiainen, H., Kresten, P., & Kafkas, Y. (1978). Alkaline lamprophyres from the Sokli complex, northern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 50(1-2), 59-68.
Vartiainen, H. E. I. K. K. I., & Paarma, H. E. I. K. K. I. (1979). Geological characteristics of the Sokli carbonatite complex, Finland. Economic Geology, 74(5), 1296-1306.
Vartiainen, H. (1980). The petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry of the Sokli carbonatite massif, northern Finland. Bulletin of Geological Survey of Finland.
Heinänen, K., & VARTIAINEN, H. (1981). Magnetite in Sokli carbonatite Massif and in Tulppio olivinite. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland, 53, 83-90.
Lapin, A. V., & Vartiainen, H. (1983). Orbicular and spherulitic carbonatites from Sokli and Vuorijärvi. Lithos, 16(1), 53-60.
Vartiainen, H. (1989). The phosphate deposits of the Sokli Carbonatite Complex, Finland. In Phosphate deposits of the world. Phosphate rock resources (pp. 398-402).
Kramm, Ulrich (1993) Mantle components of carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province, Russia and Finland: A Nd - Sr study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 5 (5) 985-990 doi:10.1127/ejm/5/5/0985
Kramm, U., Kogarko, L.N., Kononova, V.A., Vartiainen, H. (1993) The Kola Alkaline Province of the CIS and Finland: Precise RbSr ages define 380–360 Ma age range for all magmatism. Lithos, 30 (1) 33-44 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90004-v
Ingrid, H.-K. (1998) Rare earth elements in sövitic carbonatites and their mineral phases. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11). 2105-2121 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2105
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Wall, F., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R., & Stanley, C. J. (1999). Pyrochlore and whole rock chemistry of carbonatites and phoscorites at Sokli, Finland. Pp. 651-653 in: Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing (CJ Stanley et al., editors), 1.
Lee, M. J., Garcia, D., Moutte, J., Williams, C. T., & Wall, F. (2004). Carbonatites and phoscorites from the Sokli Complex, Finland. Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province”, eds. F. Wall and AN Zaitev, The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 133-162.
LEE, MI JUNG, LEE, JONG IK, GARCIA, DANIEL, MOUTTE, JAQUES, WILLIAMS, C. TERRY, WALL, FRANCES, KIM, YEADONG (2006) Pyrochlore chemistry from the Sokli phoscorite-carbonatite complex, Finland: Implications for the genesis of phoscorite and carbonatite association. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 40 (1) 1-13 doi:10.2343/geochemj.40.1
Rukhlov, A. S., & Bell, K. (2010). Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98(1-4), 11-54.
O’Brien, H., & Hyvönen, E. (2015). The Sokli carbonatite complex. In Mineral deposits of Finland (pp. 305-325). Elsevier.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘFerroselite2.EB.10aFeSe2
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘHalite3.AA.20NaCl
ⓘSylvite3.AA.20KCl
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘ'var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)'4.00.(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘPerovskite4.CC.30CaTiO3
ⓘvar. Dysanalyte4.CC.30CaTiO3
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘvar. Niobium-bearing Rutile4.DB.05(Ti,Nb)O2
ⓘAnatase4.DD.05TiO2
ⓘBaddeleyite4.DE.35ZrO2
ⓘZirconolite4.DH.30CaZrTi2O7
ⓘZirkelite4.DL.05(Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x
ⓘCalzirtite4.DL.10Ca2Zr5Ti2O16
ⓘLepidocrocite4.FE.15Fe3+O(OH)
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘNahcolite5.AA.15NaHCO3
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘSiderite5.AB.05FeCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘStrontianite5.AB.15SrCO3
ⓘWitherite5.AB.15BaCO3
ⓘAlstonite5.AB.35BaCa(CO3)2
ⓘBarytocalcite5.AB.45BaCa(CO3)2
ⓘBurbankite5.AC.30(Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5
ⓘBastnäsite-(Ce)5.BD.20aCe(CO3)F
ⓘHydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)5.BD.20aCe(CO3)(OH)
ⓘAncylite-(Ce)5.DC.05CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
ⓘCalcioancylite-(Ce)5.DC.05(Ce,Ca,Sr)CO3(OH,H2O)
ⓘAncylite-(La)5.DC.05LaSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘXenotime-(Y)8.AD.35Y(PO4)
ⓘMonazite-(Ce)8.AD.50Ce(PO4)
ⓘCheralite8.AD.50CaTh(PO4)2
ⓘCrandallite8.BL.10CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
ⓘFluorapatite
var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite		8.BN.05Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
ⓘ8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘForsterite9.AC.05Mg2SiO4
ⓘThorite9.AD.30Th(SiO4)
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘHuttonite9.AD.35ThSiO4
ⓘClinohumite9.AF.55Mg9(SiO4)4F2
ⓘBritholite-(Ce)9.AH.25(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
ⓘAllanite-(Ce)9.BG.05b(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘSchorl9.CK.05NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘEdenite9.DE.15NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
ⓘRichterite9.DE.20Na(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘArfvedsonite9.DE.25[Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘEckermannite9.DE.25NaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘMagnesio-arfvedsonite9.DE.25{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘZektzerite9.DN.05LiNaZrSi6O15
ⓘTainiolite9.EC.15KLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘTetraferriphlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
ⓘMontmorillonite9.EC.40(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘVermiculite9.EC.50Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
ⓘStilpnomelane9.EG.40(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Group 10 - Organic Compounds
ⓘWhewellite10.AB.45Ca(C2O4) · H2O
Unclassified
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Bastnäsite'-(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Monazite Group'-REE(PO4)
ⓘ'Psilomelane'-
ⓘ'Rhabdophane'-
ⓘ'Xenotime'-
ⓘ'Mica Group'-
ⓘ'Iddingsite'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Ancylite'-
ⓘ'Strontiapatite'-
ⓘ'Serpentine Subgroup'-D3[Si2O5](OH)4
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Strontium-Apatite'-
ⓘ'Allanite Group'-(A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ'Alkali amphibole'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ Ancylite-(Ce)CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Hⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Hⓘ Calcioancylite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca,Sr)CO3(OH,H2O)
Hⓘ CrandalliteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Hⓘ EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Hⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)(OH)
Hⓘ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Hⓘ NahcoliteNaHCO3
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Hⓘ RichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Hⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Hⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
Hⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Hⓘ WhewelliteCa(C2O4) · H2O
Hⓘ Ancylite-(La)LaSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Hⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Hⓘ Allanite Group(A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
LiLithium
Liⓘ ZektzeriteLiNaZrSi6O15
Liⓘ TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
BBoron
Bⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ AlstoniteBaCa(CO3)2
Cⓘ Ancylite-(Ce)CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Cⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Cⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Cⓘ Burbankite(Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5
Cⓘ Calcioancylite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca,Sr)CO3(OH,H2O)
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)(OH)
Cⓘ NahcoliteNaHCO3
Cⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Cⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
Cⓘ WhewelliteCa(C2O4) · H2O
Cⓘ WitheriteBaCO3
Cⓘ Ancylite-(La)LaSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
OOxygen
Oⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ AlstoniteBaCa(CO3)2
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ AnataseTiO2
Oⓘ Ancylite-(Ce)CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Oⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Oⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Oⓘ Burbankite(Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5
Oⓘ Calcioancylite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca,Sr)CO3(OH,H2O)
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ CalzirtiteCa2Zr5Ti2O16
Oⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Oⓘ ClinohumiteMg9(SiO4)4F2
Oⓘ CrandalliteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Oⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Oⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ HuttoniteThSiO4
Oⓘ Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)(OH)
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Oⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Oⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Oⓘ NahcoliteNaHCO3
Oⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Oⓘ RichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Oⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Oⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
Oⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Oⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Oⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
Oⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Oⓘ WhewelliteCa(C2O4) · H2O
Oⓘ WitheriteBaCO3
Oⓘ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
Oⓘ ZektzeriteLiNaZrSi6O15
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ ZirconoliteCaZrTi2O7
Oⓘ Zirkelite(Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x
Oⓘ Ancylite-(La)LaSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Oⓘ CheraliteCaTh(PO4)2
Oⓘ TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
Oⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Oⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Oⓘ Perovskite var. DysanalyteCaTiO3
Oⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Allanite Group(A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
FFluorine
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Fⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Fⓘ ClinohumiteMg9(SiO4)4F2
Fⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Fⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
Fⓘ TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Naⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ Burbankite(Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5
Naⓘ EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Naⓘ HaliteNaCl
Naⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Naⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Naⓘ NahcoliteNaHCO3
Naⓘ RichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Naⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Naⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Naⓘ ZektzeriteLiNaZrSi6O15
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ ClinohumiteMg9(SiO4)4F2
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Mgⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ RichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Mgⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Mgⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Mgⓘ TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
Mgⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ CrandalliteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Alⓘ EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Alⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Alⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Alⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Siⓘ ClinohumiteMg9(SiO4)4F2
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Siⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Siⓘ HuttoniteThSiO4
Siⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ RichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Siⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Siⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Siⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Siⓘ ZektzeriteLiNaZrSi6O15
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
Siⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Siⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Siⓘ Allanite Group(A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Pⓘ CrandalliteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Pⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Pⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Pⓘ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
Pⓘ CheraliteCaTh(PO4)2
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clⓘ HaliteNaCl
Clⓘ SylviteKCl
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Kⓘ SylviteKCl
Kⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Kⓘ TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Caⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ AlstoniteBaCa(CO3)2
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Caⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Caⓘ Burbankite(Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5
Caⓘ Calcioancylite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca,Sr)CO3(OH,H2O)
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ CalzirtiteCa2Zr5Ti2O16
Caⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Caⓘ CrandalliteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Caⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Caⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Caⓘ RichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Caⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
Caⓘ WhewelliteCa(C2O4) · H2O
Caⓘ ZirconoliteCaZrTi2O7
Caⓘ Zirkelite(Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x
Caⓘ CheraliteCaTh(PO4)2
Caⓘ Perovskite var. DysanalyteCaTiO3
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ AnataseTiO2
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ CalzirtiteCa2Zr5Ti2O16
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
Tiⓘ ZirconoliteCaZrTi2O7
Tiⓘ Zirkelite(Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x
Tiⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Tiⓘ Perovskite var. DysanalyteCaTiO3
FeIron
Feⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ FerroseliteFeSe2
Feⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Feⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Feⓘ Stilpnomelane(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O
Feⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Feⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Feⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
CuCopper
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
SeSelenium
Seⓘ FerroseliteFeSe2
SrStrontium
Srⓘ Ancylite-(Ce)CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Srⓘ Burbankite(Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5
Srⓘ Calcioancylite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca,Sr)CO3(OH,H2O)
Srⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
Srⓘ Ancylite-(La)LaSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
YYttrium
Yⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Yⓘ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Zrⓘ CalzirtiteCa2Zr5Ti2O16
Zrⓘ ZektzeriteLiNaZrSi6O15
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Zrⓘ ZirconoliteCaZrTi2O7
Zrⓘ Zirkelite(Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
Nbⓘ Rutile var. Niobium-bearing Rutile(Ti,Nb)O2
BaBarium
Baⓘ AlstoniteBaCa(CO3)2
Baⓘ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Baⓘ Burbankite(Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5
Baⓘ WitheriteBaCO3
LaLanthanum
Laⓘ Ancylite-(La)LaSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Ceⓘ Ancylite-(Ce)CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Ceⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Ceⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Ceⓘ Britholite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH
Ceⓘ Burbankite(Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5
Ceⓘ Calcioancylite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca,Sr)CO3(OH,H2O)
Ceⓘ Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)(OH)
Ceⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Ceⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
NdNeodymium
Ndⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
TaTantalum
Taⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
ThThorium
Thⓘ HuttoniteThSiO4
Thⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Thⓘ CheraliteCaTh(PO4)2
UUranium
Uⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Phanerozoic : 392 ± 12 Ma to 247 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Mesozoic
  Triassic
   Middle Triassic
ⓘ Pyrochlore Group (youngest age)247 MaSokli carbonatite complex, Tulppio, Savukoski, Lapland, Finland
    
  
 Paleozoic
  Carboniferous
   Mississippian
ⓘ Pyrochlore Group (oldest age)347 MaSokli carbonatite complex, Tulppio, Savukoski, Lapland, Finland
ⓘ Phlogopite (youngest age)350 ± 10 MaSokli carbonatite complex, Tulppio, Savukoski, Lapland, Finland
  Devonian
   Late/Upper Devonian
ⓘ Carbonatite (youngest age)362.8 ± 2.2 MaSokli carbonatite complex, Tulppio, Savukoski, Lapland, Finland
ⓘ Phoscorite (youngest age)362.8 ± 2.2 MaSokli carbonatite complex, Tulppio, Savukoski, Lapland, Finland
ⓘ Carbonatite (oldest age)367.8 ± 4.7 MaSokli carbonatite complex, Tulppio, Savukoski, Lapland, Finland
ⓘ Phoscorite (oldest age)367.8 ± 4.7 MaSokli carbonatite complex, Tulppio, Savukoski, Lapland, Finland
ⓘ Apatite371 ± 15 MaSokli carbonatite complex, Tulppio, Savukoski, Lapland, Finland
ⓘ Calcite380.3 ± 7.1 MaSokli carbonatite complex, Tulppio, Savukoski, Lapland, Finland
   Middle Devonian
ⓘ Phlogopite (oldest age)392 ± 12 MaSokli carbonatite complex, Tulppio, Savukoski, Lapland, Finland

Localities in this Region

Finland

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Baltic Shield (Fennoscandian Shield)Shield
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent
Finland/Russia

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