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Avebury Nickel Deposit (Avebury mine), Zeehan mining district, West Coast municipality, Tasmania, Australiai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Avebury Nickel Deposit (Avebury mine) | Group of Deposits (In Development) |
| Zeehan mining district | Mining District |
| West Coast municipality | Municipality |
| Tasmania | State |
| Australia | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
41° 54' 34'' South , 145° 14' 50'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Group of Deposits (In Development) - last checked 2023
Deposit first discovered:
1997
Age:
382.7 ± 1.6 to 358.9 ± 0.4 Ma
Geologic Time:
Dating method:
Related to adjacent granite
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Zeehan | 845 (2012) | 7.9km |
| West Strahan | 637 (2014) | 27.5km |
| Strahan | 637 (2012) | 27.7km |
| Rosebery | 1,035 (2012) | 28.1km |
| Queenstown | 2,352 (2012) | 31.8km |
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Avebury Nickel Mine
This is the main mine operation working a scattered group of related nickel sulphide deposits located about 10 km west of Zeehan. A rare example of a significant non-magmatic, skarn-style Ni sulfide deposit associated with a metasomatised ophiolite sequence.
A group of nickel sulphide rich, skarn-like deposits. The host rocks are a series of metamorphosed and altered Cambrian sediments, mafic volcanics and ultramafic intrusives. Nickel mineralisation was probably formed in several stages. Nickel was originally present in olivine in the ultramafic host rock, which was serpentinised and carbonate-altered. The nickel released was remobilised, probably by the Devonian Heemskirk Granite intrusion, then focused and redeposited as sulphides and arsenides in trap sites around the top and margins of the altered ultramafic body (Kamenetsky et al, 2016; Keays and Jowitt, 2013).
The Avebury deposits were discovered by Allegiance Mining N.L. in 1997 by core drilling a prominent anomaly identified in an aeromagnetic survey. Further drilling had by 2002 identified a resource of four million tonnes at 1.5% nickel and minor cobalt, with feasibility studies showing that the deposits were capable of supporting a medium-sized underground operation. Further exploration work, including construction of a decline in 2006, increased resources to 12 million tonnes of 1.11% nickel. Full scale underground mining commenced in December 2006, with work on construction of the processing plant continuing throughout 2007/2008. The first nickel concentrates were produced in July 2008. Following metallurgical issues and large falls in the nickel price, mining ceased in January 2009 and the concentrator was placed on care and maintenance in March 2009. Further exploration work was undertaken in 2010 to establish more reserves. The Avebury project was developed by Allegiance Mining NL which was taken over by Zinifex Australia Limited in early 2008, became part of OZ Minerals Limited in mid 2008, then Minerals and Metals Group (MMG). MMG sold the mine to QCG Resources in 2014, who kept it on care and maintenance. (https://mining-atlas.com/operation/Avebury-Nickel-Mine.php) (link broken March 2022 - available on Wayback Machine https://web.archive.org/web/20181119094957/https://mining-atlas.com/operation/Avebury-Nickel-Mine.php).
Purchased by Dundas Mining in 2017 for $25 million but has remained under care & maintenance until being sold to Mallee Resources in 2022, who are working hard to commence mining asap. Current resources are estimated at 29 Mt at 0.9%Ni and 0.02%Co (https://malleeresources.com.au/avebury-nickel-mine/).
Note on the mineral list: Valleriite-Haapalaite series - actual species not yet confirmed.
A group of nickel sulphide rich, skarn-like deposits. The host rocks are a series of metamorphosed and altered Cambrian sediments, mafic volcanics and ultramafic intrusives. Nickel mineralisation was probably formed in several stages. Nickel was originally present in olivine in the ultramafic host rock, which was serpentinised and carbonate-altered. The nickel released was remobilised, probably by the Devonian Heemskirk Granite intrusion, then focused and redeposited as sulphides and arsenides in trap sites around the top and margins of the altered ultramafic body (Kamenetsky et al, 2016; Keays and Jowitt, 2013).
The Avebury deposits were discovered by Allegiance Mining N.L. in 1997 by core drilling a prominent anomaly identified in an aeromagnetic survey. Further drilling had by 2002 identified a resource of four million tonnes at 1.5% nickel and minor cobalt, with feasibility studies showing that the deposits were capable of supporting a medium-sized underground operation. Further exploration work, including construction of a decline in 2006, increased resources to 12 million tonnes of 1.11% nickel. Full scale underground mining commenced in December 2006, with work on construction of the processing plant continuing throughout 2007/2008. The first nickel concentrates were produced in July 2008. Following metallurgical issues and large falls in the nickel price, mining ceased in January 2009 and the concentrator was placed on care and maintenance in March 2009. Further exploration work was undertaken in 2010 to establish more reserves. The Avebury project was developed by Allegiance Mining NL which was taken over by Zinifex Australia Limited in early 2008, became part of OZ Minerals Limited in mid 2008, then Minerals and Metals Group (MMG). MMG sold the mine to QCG Resources in 2014, who kept it on care and maintenance. (https://mining-atlas.com/operation/Avebury-Nickel-Mine.php) (link broken March 2022 - available on Wayback Machine https://web.archive.org/web/20181119094957/https://mining-atlas.com/operation/Avebury-Nickel-Mine.php).
Purchased by Dundas Mining in 2017 for $25 million but has remained under care & maintenance until being sold to Mallee Resources in 2022, who are working hard to commence mining asap. Current resources are estimated at 29 Mt at 0.9%Ni and 0.02%Co (https://malleeresources.com.au/avebury-nickel-mine/).
Note on the mineral list: Valleriite-Haapalaite series - actual species not yet confirmed.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities70 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Native Copper | 1.AA.05 | Cu |
| ⓘ | Native Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
| ⓘ | Awaruite | 1.AE.20 | Ni3Fe |
| ⓘ | Native Iridium | 1.AF.10 | (Ir,Os,Ru) |
| ⓘ | var. Osmiridium ? | 1.AF.10 | (Ir,Os,Ru) |
| ⓘ | Native Bismuth | 1.CA.05 | Bi |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Orcelite | 2.AB.10 | Ni5-xAs2, x ~ 0.25 |
| ⓘ | Maucherite | 2.AB.15 | Ni11As8 |
| ⓘ | Heazlewoodite | 2.BB.05 | Ni3S2 |
| ⓘ | Pentlandite | 2.BB.15 | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Breithauptite | 2.CC.05 | NiSb |
| ⓘ | Nickeline | 2.CC.05 | NiAs |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ | Millerite | 2.CC.20 | NiS |
| ⓘ | Mackinawite | 2.CC.25 | FeS |
| ⓘ | Alabandite | 2.CD.10 | MnS |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Violarite | 2.DA.05 | Fe2+Ni3+2S4 |
| ⓘ | Bismuthinite | 2.DB.05 | Bi2S3 |
| ⓘ | Molybdenite | 2.EA.30 | MoS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Arsenopyrite | 2.EB.20 | FeAsS |
| ⓘ | Cobaltite | 2.EB.25 | CoAsS |
| ⓘ | Gersdorffite | 2.EB.25 | NiAsS |
| ⓘ | Haapalaite ? | 2.FD.30 | (Fe2+,Ni)2(Mg,Fe2+)1.61S2(OH)3.22 |
| ⓘ | Valleriite | 2.FD.30 | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| ⓘ | Tochilinite | 2.FD.35 | Fe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10 |
| ⓘ | Ferrotochilinite | 2.FD.35 | Fe2+6(Fe2+,Mg)5S6(OH)10 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Chromite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Magnesiochromite | 4.BB.05 | MgCr2O4 |
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Perovskite | 4.CC.30 | CaTiO3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | 'Wolframite Group' | 4.DB.30 va | |
| ⓘ | Brucite | 4.FE.05 | Mg(OH)2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| Group 6 - Borates | |||
| ⓘ | Szaibélyite | 6.BA.15 | MgBO2(OH) |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Scheelite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(WO4) |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Forsterite | 9.AC.05 | Mg2(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Kirschsteinite | 9.AC.05 | CaFe2+(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Andradite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Uvarovite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Cr3+2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Datolite | 9.AJ.20 | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Axinite-(Fe) | 9.BD.20 | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| ⓘ | Axinite-(Mg) | 9.BD.20 | Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH |
| ⓘ | Axinite-(Mn) | 9.BD.20 | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| ⓘ | Clinozoisite | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Vesuvianite | 9.BG.35 | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| ⓘ | Dravite | 9.CK.05 | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Hedenbergite | 9.DA.15 | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Actinolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Ferro-actinolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2Fe2+5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Tremolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Prehnite | 9.DP.20 | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Fluorapophyllite-(K) | 9.EA.15 | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Talc | 9.EC.05 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Clinochlore | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Antigorite | 9.ED.15 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Lizardite | 9.ED.15 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Natrolite | 9.GA.05 | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Laumontite | 9.GB.10 | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Bastnäsite' | - | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Monazite Group' | - | REE(PO4) |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| ⓘ | 'Axinite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Andradite-Uvarovite Series' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| H | ⓘ Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Haapalaite | (Fe2+,Ni)2(Mg,Fe2+)1.61S2(OH)3.22 |
| H | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Axinite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH |
| H | ⓘ Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Szaibélyite | MgBO2(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Tochilinite | Fe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10 |
| H | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| H | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| H | ⓘ Ferrotochilinite | Fe62+(Fe2+,Mg)5S6(OH)10 |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| B | ⓘ Axinite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH |
| B | ⓘ Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Szaibélyite | MgBO2(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| O | ⓘ Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Haapalaite | (Fe2+,Ni)2(Mg,Fe2+)1.61S2(OH)3.22 |
| O | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Axinite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH |
| O | ⓘ Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Monazite Group | REE(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| O | ⓘ Szaibélyite | MgBO2(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Tochilinite | Fe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Uvarovite | Ca3Cr23+(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| O | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| O | ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| O | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| O | ⓘ Ferrotochilinite | Fe62+(Fe2+,Mg)5S6(OH)10 |
| O | ⓘ Andradite-Uvarovite Series | |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Mg | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2(SiO4) |
| Mg | ⓘ Haapalaite | (Fe2+,Ni)2(Mg,Fe2+)1.61S2(OH)3.22 |
| Mg | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Axinite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH |
| Mg | ⓘ Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Szaibélyite | MgBO2(OH) |
| Mg | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Tochilinite | Fe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10 |
| Mg | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Mg | ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| Mg | ⓘ Ferrotochilinite | Fe62+(Fe2+,Mg)5S6(OH)10 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| Al | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Axinite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH |
| Al | ⓘ Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| Al | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Al | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| Si | ⓘ Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Axinite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH |
| Si | ⓘ Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Uvarovite | Ca3Cr23+(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Si | ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| Si | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Andradite-Uvarovite Series | |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| P | ⓘ Monazite Group | REE(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Alabandite | MnS |
| S | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| S | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Cobaltite | CoAsS |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Gersdorffite | NiAsS |
| S | ⓘ Haapalaite | (Fe2+,Ni)2(Mg,Fe2+)1.61S2(OH)3.22 |
| S | ⓘ Heazlewoodite | Ni3S2 |
| S | ⓘ Mackinawite | FeS |
| S | ⓘ Millerite | NiS |
| S | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | ⓘ Tochilinite | Fe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10 |
| S | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| S | ⓘ Violarite | Fe2+Ni23+S4 |
| S | ⓘ Ferrotochilinite | Fe62+(Fe2+,Mg)5S6(OH)10 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| K | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| Ca | ⓘ Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+(SiO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Axinite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH |
| Ca | ⓘ Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Uvarovite | Ca3Cr23+(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Ca | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| Ca | ⓘ Andradite-Uvarovite Series | |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| Cr | Chromium | |
| Cr | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| Cr | ⓘ Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 |
| Cr | ⓘ Uvarovite | Ca3Cr23+(SiO4)3 |
| Cr | ⓘ Andradite-Uvarovite Series | |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Alabandite | MnS |
| Mn | ⓘ Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Fe | ⓘ Awaruite | Ni3Fe |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Axinite-(Fe) | Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferro-actinolite | ◻Ca2Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Haapalaite | (Fe2+,Ni)2(Mg,Fe2+)1.61S2(OH)3.22 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+(SiO4) |
| Fe | ⓘ Mackinawite | FeS |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | ⓘ Tochilinite | Fe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10 |
| Fe | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Violarite | Fe2+Ni23+S4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Fe | ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferrotochilinite | Fe62+(Fe2+,Mg)5S6(OH)10 |
| Fe | ⓘ Andradite-Uvarovite Series | |
| Co | Cobalt | |
| Co | ⓘ Cobaltite | CoAsS |
| Ni | Nickel | |
| Ni | ⓘ Awaruite | Ni3Fe |
| Ni | ⓘ Breithauptite | NiSb |
| Ni | ⓘ Gersdorffite | NiAsS |
| Ni | ⓘ Haapalaite | (Fe2+,Ni)2(Mg,Fe2+)1.61S2(OH)3.22 |
| Ni | ⓘ Heazlewoodite | Ni3S2 |
| Ni | ⓘ Maucherite | Ni11As8 |
| Ni | ⓘ Millerite | NiS |
| Ni | ⓘ Nickeline | NiAs |
| Ni | ⓘ Orcelite | Ni5-xAs2, x ~ 0.25 |
| Ni | ⓘ Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| Ni | ⓘ Violarite | Fe2+Ni23+S4 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Native Copper | Cu |
| Cu | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| As | ⓘ Cobaltite | CoAsS |
| As | ⓘ Gersdorffite | NiAsS |
| As | ⓘ Maucherite | Ni11As8 |
| As | ⓘ Nickeline | NiAs |
| As | ⓘ Orcelite | Ni5-xAs2, x ~ 0.25 |
| Y | Yttrium | |
| Y | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| Ru | Ruthenium | |
| Ru | ⓘ Native Iridium | (Ir,Os,Ru) |
| Ru | ⓘ Native Iridium var. Osmiridium | (Ir,Os,Ru) |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Breithauptite | NiSb |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| Nd | Neodymium | |
| Nd | ⓘ Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F |
| W | Tungsten | |
| W | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| Os | Osmium | |
| Os | ⓘ Native Iridium | (Ir,Os,Ru) |
| Os | ⓘ Native Iridium var. Osmiridium | (Ir,Os,Ru) |
| Ir | Iridium | |
| Ir | ⓘ Native Iridium | (Ir,Os,Ru) |
| Ir | ⓘ Native Iridium var. Osmiridium | (Ir,Os,Ru) |
| Au | Gold | |
| Au | ⓘ Native Gold | Au |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | ⓘ Native Bismuth | Bi |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
Localities in this Region
- Tasmania
- West Coast municipality
- Zeehan mining district
- Avebury Nickel Deposit (Avebury mine)
- Zeehan mining district
- West Coast municipality
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
Australia
- Delamerian OrogenOrogen
- Tasmania
- Avebury Nickel Metallogenic ProvinceGeologic Province
- Thylacine ProvinceGeologic Province
Australian PlateTectonic Plate
- Western TasmaniaOrogenic Belt
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References
Keays, Reid R.; Jowitt, Simon M. (2013) The Avebury Ni deposit, Tasmania: A case study of an unconventional nickel deposit. Ore Geology Reviews, 52. p.4-17. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2012.07.001
Kamenetsky, Vadim S., Lygin, Alexey V., Foster, Jeff G., Meffre, Sebastien, Maas, Roland, Kamenetsky, Maya B., Goemann, Karsten, Beresford, Steve W. (2016) A story of olivine from the McIvor Hill complex (Tasmania, Australia): Clues to the origin of the Avebury metasomatic Ni sulfide deposit. American Mineralogist, 101 (6) 1321-1331 doi:10.2138/am-2016-5509
Avebury Nickel Deposit, Zeehan mining district, West Coast municipality, Tasmania, Australia