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Wondergat, Annisfontein, Richtersveld Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Wondergat | Cave |
| Annisfontein | - not defined - |
| Richtersveld Local Municipality | World Heritage Site (UNESCO) |
| Namakwa District Municipality | District Municipality |
| Northern Cape | Province |
| South Africa | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
28° 25' 10'' South , 16° 53' 17'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Oranjemund | 8,496 (2014) | 46.7km |
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Anniesfontein
A sinkhole that came to the attention of prospectors during WWII. The locality is next to a fault to the north where there are beds of slate, marble and limestone of the Kaigas formation and to the south is Annisvlakte (plain) underlain by Kuboos granite.
The sinkhole developed by solution and repeated collapse of the roof limestone presumably due to circulating groundwater flowing northwards along the Spioenkop fault until it seeped out into the jointed and brecciated limestone nearby. In due course, a strong spring must have issued at the surface and from this water the phosphate and colloidal silica deposited. (Coetzee, C.B. 1976)
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ 'Apatite var. Collophane' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) Colour: White Description: In association with Francolite. |
| ⓘ Brazilianite ? Formula: NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 Description: There's a possibility the Brazilianite has been mis-identified and could be carbonate-rich Fluorapatite var. Francolite and the locality is rather the sinkhole in limestone known as Wondergat than Annisfontein. |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Description: Cavities in the phosphate minerals are partly filled with finely crystalline Calcite and Quartz (Coetzee, C.B. 1976). |
| ⓘ Fluorapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F |
| ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O) Description: Francolite forms thick layered botryoidal crusts on breccia fragments of altered limestone and slate accompanied by collophanite, (Coetzee, C.B. 1976). |
| ⓘ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O Description: Late Gypsum appears locally as a thin layer covering the Francolite and Collophane, Chalcedony, Quartz and Calcite, (Coetzee, C.B. 1976). |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Description: Cavities in the phosphate minerals are partly filled with finely crystalline Quartz and Calcite (Coetzee, C.B. 1976). |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony Formula: SiO2 Description: Gangue consists of black, brown and reddish Chalcedony which has partly replaced the marble, and cavities in the phosphate minerals are partly filled with finely crystalline Quartz, (Coetzee, C.B. 1976). |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Quartz var. Chalcedony | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 | |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Brazilianite ? | 8.BK.05 | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O) |
| ⓘ | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F | |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Apatite var. Collophane' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ | '' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Brazilianite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Apatite var. Collophane | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| H | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O) |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Brazilianite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Apatite var. Collophane | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O) |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| F | ⓘ Apatite var. Collophane | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| F | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Brazilianite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Brazilianite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Brazilianite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| P | ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O) |
| P | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| P | ⓘ Apatite var. Collophane | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Apatite var. Collophane | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Cl | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O) |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite var. Collophane | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
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Wondergat, Annisfontein, Richtersveld Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa