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Gariep Belt, African Platei
Regional Level Types
Gariep BeltOrogenic Belt
African PlateTectonic Plate

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PhotosSearch
09875580017272059241046.jpg
Oblique landsat image of Roter Kamm meteorite impact crater

Roter Kamm Crater, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
08351850017531861173499.jpg
View of the Elizabeth Bay diamond mining area, ca. 1920.

Elizabeth Bay Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
02083720017531861183642.jpg
Interior view the Elizabeth Bay diamond mine engine shed, ca. 1920.

Elizabeth Bay Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
09875580017272059241046.jpg
Oblique landsat image of Roter Kamm meteorite impact crater

Roter Kamm Crater, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
07620350017366790309794.jpg
View of the Elizabeth Bay diamond mining area, ca. 1920.

Elizabeth Bay Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
05445040017367740111378.jpg
Interior view the Elizabeth Bay diamond mine engine shed, ca. 1920.

Elizabeth Bay Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
09875580017272059241046.jpg
Oblique landsat image of Roter Kamm meteorite impact crater

Roter Kamm Crater, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
06482500017531861184335.jpg
View of the Elizabeth Bay diamond mining area, ca. 1920.

Elizabeth Bay Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
Area:
42,463 km2
Largest Settlements:
PlacePopulation
Oranjemund8,496 (2014)
Mindat Locality ID:
444998
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:444998:3
GUID (UUID V4):
0


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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

95 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Acanthite
Formula: Ag2S
ⓘ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘ Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘ Aenigmatite
Formula: Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
ⓘ Alabandite
Formula: MnS
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'
ⓘ 'Alkali pyroxene'
ⓘ Alstonite
Formula: BaCa(CO3)2
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ 'Apatite var. Collophane'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Colour: White
Description: In association with Francolite.
ⓘ Arfvedsonite
Formula: [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
ⓘ Astrophyllite
Formula: K2NaFe2+7Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
References:
ⓘ Atacamite
Formula: Cu2(OH)3Cl
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘ Aurichalcite
Formula: (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
ⓘ Azurite
Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
Habit: Tabular crystals - amber-orange to 4cm, yellow to 1cm
Colour: Amber-orange, yellow
Description: Aesthetic crystals were collected early in 1989 although the mine was exploited since 1969. Baryte is a rich golden orange colour, large crystals over 4cm long are arranged in radiating sprays up to 30cm diameter. The finest specimens have baryte on matrix. Some floater specimens are composed of complete 360° discs similar to aztec suns.
ⓘ Barytocalcite
Formula: BaCa(CO3)2
ⓘ Benstonite
Formula: Ba6Ca6Mg(CO3)13
Habit: rhombohedral
Colour: white
Description: Associated with baryte, barytocalcite, norsethite & witherite, also on marcasite.
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
ⓘ Brazilianite
Formula: NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4
Description: There's a possibility the Brazilianite has been misidentified and could be carbonate-rich Fluorapatite var. Francolite and the locality is rather the sinkhole in limestone known as Wondergat (personal communication between Bruce Cairncross and Debbie Woolf).
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Cancrinite
Formula: (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘ Celsian
Formula: Ba(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘ Cerussite
Formula: PbCO3
ⓘ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
ⓘ Chalcophanite
Formula: ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ Chamosite
Formula: (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Description: Associated with quartz confirmed by X-Ray diffraction, as seen in an Alan Fraser specimen/collection on FB.
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ Chrysocolla
Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
ⓘ Churchite-(Y)
Formula: Y(PO4) · 2H2O
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ Copper
Formula: Cu
ⓘ Coronadite
Formula: Pb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16
Description: Previously identified as romanechite, but Raman, powder X-ray diffraction and EDS are coronadite.
ⓘ Covellite
Formula: CuS
ⓘ Cubanite
Formula: CuFe2S3
ⓘ Diamond
Formula: C
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite
Formula: Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
ⓘ Edenite
Formula: NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
ⓘ Eudialyte
Formula: Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
ⓘ 'Eudialyte Group'
Formula: [N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
ⓘ 'Eudialyte Group var. Eucolite'
Formula: [N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'
ⓘ Ferro-richterite
Formula: {Na}{CaNa}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Description: Francolite forms thick layered botryoidal crusts on breccia fragments of altered limestone and slate accompanied by collophanite, (Coetzee, C.B. 1976).
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Gold
Formula: Au
ⓘ Greenockite
Formula: CdS
ⓘ Grossular
Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Hastingsite
Formula: NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
Description: Associated with Malachite.
ⓘ Hemimorphite
Formula: Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
✪ Herbertsmithite
Formula: Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2
ⓘ Hetaerolite
Formula: ZnMn2O4
ⓘ Hetaerolite var. Hydrohetaerolite
Formula: Zn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4
ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ Hydroxylapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
Description: Found in association with Tarbuttite and Hemimorphite as a white crystalline coating.
ⓘ Hydrozincite
Formula: Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6
ⓘ Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ Kaersutite
Formula: NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
ⓘ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘ Kutnohorite
Formula: CaMn2+(CO3)2
ⓘ Kyanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
Colour: Orange, green, blue, colorless
Description: Gemmy
ⓘ Låvenite
Formula: Na2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
ⓘ Lechatelierite
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ 'Limonite'
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ 'Melilite Group'
Formula: Ca2M(XSiO7)
ⓘ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Natrolite
Formula: Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘ Norsethite
Formula: BaMg(CO3)2
ⓘ Parádsasvárite
Formula: Zn2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘ Paratacamite
Formula: Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
ⓘ Pargasite
Formula: NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘ Perovskite
Formula: CaTiO3
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ Pseudomalachite
Formula: Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
ⓘ 'Psilomelane'
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Romanèchite
Formula: (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
ⓘ 'Rosenbuschite Group'
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Sanidine
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Sauconite
Formula: Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
ⓘ Scheelite
Formula: Ca(WO4)
ⓘ Scholzite
Formula: CaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘ Skorpionite (TL)
Formula: Ca3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Type Locality:
ⓘ 'Smectite Group'
Formula: A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
ⓘ Smithsonite
Formula: ZnCO3
ⓘ Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘ 'Sodic amphibole'
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Stromeyerite
Formula: AgCuS
ⓘ Tarbuttite
Formula: Zn2(PO4)(OH)
ⓘ 'Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series'
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘ Turquoise
Formula: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
ⓘ Witherite
Formula: BaCO3
ⓘ Zincolibethenite
Formula: CuZn(PO4)(OH)
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘCopper1.AA.05Cu
ⓘGold1.AA.05Au
ⓘDiamond1.CB.10aC
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘBornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
ⓘAcanthite2.BA.35Ag2S
ⓘStromeyerite2.BA.40AgCuS
ⓘCovellite2.CA.05aCuS
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘGreenockite2.CB.45CdS
ⓘCubanite2.CB.55aCuFe2S3
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘAlabandite2.CD.10MnS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
ⓘArsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
ⓘAtacamite3.DA.10aCu2(OH)3Cl
ⓘParatacamite3.DA.10cCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
ⓘHerbertsmithite3.DA.10cCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘvar. Titanium-bearing Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘHetaerolite4.BB.10ZnMn2O4
ⓘvar. Hydrohetaerolite4.BB.10Zn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘPerovskite4.CC.30CaTiO3
ⓘQuartz
var. Chalcedony
4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘ4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘLechatelierite4.DA.30SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘCoronadite4.DK.05aPb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16
ⓘRomanèchite4.DK.10(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
ⓘChalcophanite4.FL.20ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘSmithsonite5.AB.05ZnCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘKutnohorite5.AB.10CaMn2+(CO3)2
ⓘDolomite
var. Iron-bearing Dolomite
5.AB.10Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
ⓘCerussite5.AB.15PbCO3
ⓘWitherite5.AB.15BaCO3
ⓘNorsethite5.AB.30BaMg(CO3)2
ⓘAlstonite5.AB.35BaCa(CO3)2
ⓘBarytocalcite5.AB.45BaCa(CO3)2
ⓘBenstonite5.AB.55Ba6Ca6Mg(CO3)13
ⓘAzurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘMalachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘParádsasvárite5.BA.10Zn2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘAurichalcite5.BA.15(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
ⓘHydrozincite5.BA.15Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘJarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘvar. Selenite7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘScheelite7.GA.05Ca(WO4)
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘZincolibethenite8.BB.30CuZn(PO4)(OH)
ⓘTarbuttite8.BB.35Zn2(PO4)(OH)
ⓘPseudomalachite8.BD.05Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
ⓘBrazilianite8.BK.05NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4
ⓘFluorapatite
var. Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite
8.BN.05Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
ⓘ8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘHydroxylapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
ⓘScholzite8.CA.45CaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘChurchite-(Y)8.CJ.50Y(PO4) · 2H2O
ⓘTurquoise8.DD.15CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
ⓘSkorpionite (TL)8.DO.45Ca3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘGrossular9.AD.25Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘKyanite9.AF.15Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘHemimorphite9.BD.10Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
ⓘLåvenite9.BE.17Na2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
ⓘEudialyte9.CO.10Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘAstrophyllite9.DC.05K2NaFe2+7Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
ⓘEdenite9.DE.15NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
ⓘHastingsite9.DE.15NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘKaersutite9.DE.15NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
ⓘPargasite9.DE.15NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘFerro-richterite9.DE.20{Na}{CaNa}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘArfvedsonite9.DE.25[Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘAenigmatite9.DH.40Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘSauconite9.EC.45Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
ⓘChamosite9.EC.55(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
ⓘKaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘChrysocolla9.ED.20Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘCelsian9.FA.30Ba(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘSanidine9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘCancrinite9.FB.05(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘNatrolite9.GA.05Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Unclassified
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series'-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Limonite'-
ⓘ'Psilomelane'-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group
var. Perthite'
-
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'-◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Eudialyte Group
var. Eucolite'
-[N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Apatite
var. Collophane'
-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Eudialyte Group'-[N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
ⓘ'Smectite Group'-A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Melilite Group'-Ca2M(XSiO7)
ⓘ'Rosenbuschite Group'-
ⓘ'Sodic amphibole'-
ⓘ'Alkali pyroxene'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Hⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Hⓘ Aurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Hⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ BrazilianiteNaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4
Hⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Hⓘ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Hⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Hⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Hⓘ Churchite-(Y)Y(PO4) · 2H2O
Hⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Hⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Hⓘ Ferro-richterite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Hⓘ HemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
Hⓘ Hetaerolite var. HydrohetaeroliteZn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4
Hⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Hⓘ HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Hⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Hⓘ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Hⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Hⓘ PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Hⓘ Romanèchite(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
Hⓘ SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
Hⓘ ScholziteCaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
Hⓘ TarbuttiteZn2(PO4)(OH)
Hⓘ TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Hⓘ Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Apatite var. CollophaneCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Hⓘ Smectite GroupA0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
Hⓘ ZincolibetheniteCuZn(PO4)(OH)
Hⓘ HerbertsmithiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2
Hⓘ SkorpioniteCa3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Hⓘ ParádsasváriteZn2(CO3)(OH)2
CCarbon
Cⓘ AlstoniteBaCa(CO3)2
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ Aurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Cⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cⓘ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Cⓘ BenstoniteBa6Ca6Mg(CO3)13
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Cⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Cⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Cⓘ DiamondC
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Cⓘ KutnohoriteCaMn2+(CO3)2
Cⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cⓘ NorsethiteBaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ SmithsoniteZnCO3
Cⓘ WitheriteBaCO3
Cⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
Cⓘ SkorpioniteCa3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Cⓘ ParádsasváriteZn2(CO3)(OH)2
OOxygen
Oⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ AlstoniteBaCa(CO3)2
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Oⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ Aurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Oⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Oⓘ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ BenstoniteBa6Ca6Mg(CO3)13
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ BrazilianiteNaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Oⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Oⓘ CelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)
Oⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Oⓘ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Oⓘ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Oⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Oⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Oⓘ Churchite-(Y)Y(PO4) · 2H2O
Oⓘ CoronaditePb(Mn64+Mn23+)O16
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Oⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Oⓘ Ferro-richterite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ HemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
Oⓘ HetaeroliteZnMn2O4
Oⓘ Hetaerolite var. HydrohetaeroliteZn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4
Oⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Oⓘ HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Oⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Oⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ KutnohoriteCaMn2+(CO3)2
Oⓘ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ LechatelieriteSiO2
Oⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ NorsethiteBaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Oⓘ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Oⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Oⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Oⓘ PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Romanèchite(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
Oⓘ ScheeliteCa(WO4)
Oⓘ ScholziteCaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
Oⓘ SmithsoniteZnCO3
Oⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Oⓘ TarbuttiteZn2(PO4)(OH)
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Oⓘ TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Oⓘ WitheriteBaCO3
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Oⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ Eudialyte Group var. Eucolite[N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oⓘ Apatite var. CollophaneCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Eudialyte Group[N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
Oⓘ Smectite GroupA0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
Oⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
Oⓘ ZincolibetheniteCuZn(PO4)(OH)
Oⓘ HerbertsmithiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2
Oⓘ SkorpioniteCa3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Oⓘ ParádsasváriteZn2(CO3)(OH)2
FFluorine
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Fⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Fⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Fⓘ Apatite var. CollophaneCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Naⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Naⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Naⓘ BrazilianiteNaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4
Naⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Naⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Naⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Naⓘ Ferro-richterite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Naⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Naⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Naⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Naⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Naⓘ SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
Naⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ BenstoniteBa6Ca6Mg(CO3)13
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Mgⓘ NorsethiteBaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Mgⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ BrazilianiteNaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4
Alⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Alⓘ CelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)
Alⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Alⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Alⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Alⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Alⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Alⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alⓘ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Alⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Alⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
Alⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Alⓘ TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Alⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Siⓘ CelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)
Siⓘ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Siⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Siⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Siⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Siⓘ Ferro-richterite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Siⓘ HemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
Siⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Siⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ LechatelieriteSiO2
Siⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Siⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Siⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
Siⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Siⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ Eudialyte Group var. Eucolite[N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siⓘ Eudialyte Group[N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
Siⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ BrazilianiteNaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4
Pⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Pⓘ Churchite-(Y)Y(PO4) · 2H2O
Pⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Pⓘ PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Pⓘ ScholziteCaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
Pⓘ TarbuttiteZn2(PO4)(OH)
Pⓘ TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Pⓘ Apatite var. CollophaneCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Pⓘ ZincolibetheniteCuZn(PO4)(OH)
Pⓘ SkorpioniteCa3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ AcanthiteAg2S
Sⓘ AlabanditeMnS
Sⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Sⓘ CovelliteCuS
Sⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Sⓘ Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ GreenockiteCdS
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ StromeyeriteAgCuS
Sⓘ Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Clⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Clⓘ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Clⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Clⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Clⓘ Apatite var. CollophaneCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Clⓘ HerbertsmithiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Kⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Caⓘ AlstoniteBaCa(CO3)2
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Caⓘ BenstoniteBa6Ca6Mg(CO3)13
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Caⓘ Fluorapatite var. Carbonate-rich FluorapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O)
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Caⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Caⓘ Ferro-richterite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Caⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Caⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Caⓘ KutnohoriteCaMn2+(CO3)2
Caⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Caⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Caⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Caⓘ ScheeliteCa(WO4)
Caⓘ ScholziteCaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ Apatite var. CollophaneCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
Caⓘ SkorpioniteCa3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Tiⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Tiⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
MnManganese
Mnⓘ AlabanditeMnS
Mnⓘ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Mnⓘ CoronaditePb(Mn64+Mn23+)O16
Mnⓘ HetaeroliteZnMn2O4
Mnⓘ Hetaerolite var. HydrohetaeroliteZn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4
Mnⓘ KutnohoriteCaMn2+(CO3)2
Mnⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Mnⓘ Romanèchite(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
FeIron
Feⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Feⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Feⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Feⓘ Ferro-richterite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Feⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Feⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Feⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
CuCopper
Cuⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Cuⓘ Aurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Cuⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cuⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Cuⓘ CovelliteCuS
Cuⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Cuⓘ CopperCu
Cuⓘ Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series
Cuⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cuⓘ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Cuⓘ PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Cuⓘ StromeyeriteAgCuS
Cuⓘ TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Cuⓘ ZincolibetheniteCuZn(PO4)(OH)
Cuⓘ HerbertsmithiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2
ZnZinc
Znⓘ Aurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Znⓘ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Znⓘ HemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
Znⓘ HetaeroliteZnMn2O4
Znⓘ Hetaerolite var. HydrohetaeroliteZn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4
Znⓘ HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Znⓘ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Znⓘ SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
Znⓘ ScholziteCaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
Znⓘ SmithsoniteZnCO3
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Znⓘ TarbuttiteZn2(PO4)(OH)
Znⓘ ZincolibetheniteCuZn(PO4)(OH)
Znⓘ HerbertsmithiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2
Znⓘ SkorpioniteCa3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Znⓘ ParádsasváriteZn2(CO3)(OH)2
AsArsenic
Asⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asⓘ Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series
YYttrium
Yⓘ Churchite-(Y)Y(PO4) · 2H2O
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Zrⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
AgSilver
Agⓘ AcanthiteAg2S
Agⓘ StromeyeriteAgCuS
CdCadmium
Cdⓘ GreenockiteCdS
SbAntimony
Sbⓘ Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series
BaBarium
Baⓘ AlstoniteBaCa(CO3)2
Baⓘ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Baⓘ BenstoniteBa6Ca6Mg(CO3)13
Baⓘ CelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)
Baⓘ NorsethiteBaMg(CO3)2
Baⓘ Romanèchite(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
Baⓘ WitheriteBaCO3
WTungsten
Wⓘ ScheeliteCa(WO4)
AuGold
Auⓘ GoldAu
PbLead
Pbⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Pbⓘ CoronaditePb(Mn64+Mn23+)O16
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Phanerozoic : 130 ± 2 Ma to 37 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Cenozoic
  Paleogene
   Eocene
ⓘ Nephelinite37 MaSchwarzerberg Plug, Klinghardt Group, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
    
  
 Mesozoic
  Cretaceous
   Early/Lower Cretaceous
ⓘ Biotite130 ± 2 MaGranitberg Complex, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia

Fossils

There are 20 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences528
Youngest Fossil Listed0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)
Oldest Fossil Listed47.8 Ma (Eocene)
Stratigraphic Units
UnitNo. OccurrencesAge
Elisabeth Bay4223.03 - 15.97 Ma (Miocene)
Langental Beds11238 - 33.9 Ma (Paleogene)
Fossils from RegionClick here to show the list.
Accepted NameHierarchy Age
Ammonia
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Ammoniidae : Ammonia38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Astacolus
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Vaginulinidae : Astacolus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Cibicides
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Cibicididae : Cibicides38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Elphidium
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Elphidiidae : Elphidium38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Glandulina
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Glandulinidae : Glandulina38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Lenticulina
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Vaginulinidae : Lenticulina38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Nonion
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Nonionidae : Nonion38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Pararotalia
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Calcarinidae : Pararotalia38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Siphoglobulina
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Glandulinidae : Siphoglobulina38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Textularia
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Textulariida : Textulariidae : Textularia38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Valvulineria
genus
Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Cancrisidae : Valvulineria38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Mercierella
genus
Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Serpulidae : Ficopomatus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Patella
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Patellogastropoda : Patellidae : Patella2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Calliostoma
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Calliostomatidae : Calliostoma3.6 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Clanculus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Trochidae : Clanculus3.6 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Diodora
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lepetellida : Fissurellidae : Diodora2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Fissurella
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lepetellida : Fissurellidae : Fissurella2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Turbo
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : Turbo2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Archimediella
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turritellidae : Archimediella38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Calyptraea
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Calyptraeidae : Calyptraea3.6 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Cerithium
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cerithiidae : Cerithium2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Crepidula
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Calyptraeidae : Crepidula2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Epitonium
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Epitoniidae : Epitonium2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Littorina
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Littorinidae : Littorina2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Sconsia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Cassidae : Sconsia38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Tenagodus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Siliquariidae : Tenagodus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Turritella
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turritellidae : Turritella38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Conus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Conidae : Conus2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Nassa
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Nassa2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Thais
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Thais2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Voluta
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Volutidae : Voluta38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Philine
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Philinidae : Philine2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Nuculana
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculanida : Nuculanidae : Nuculana38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Aulacomya
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Aulacomya2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Mytilus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Mytilus2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Perna
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Perna38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Chlamys
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Chlamys2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Crassostrea
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Crassostrea38 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Ostrea
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Ostraea2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Pecten
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Pecten38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Mactra (Barymactra)
subgenus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Mactra : Mactra (Barymactra)38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Chamelea
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Chamelea2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Donax
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Donacidae : Donax3.6 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Solen
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Adapedonta : Solenidae : Solen2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Tapes
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Tapes2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Tellina
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Tellina38 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Teredo
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Teredinidae : Teredo2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Balanus
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Maxillopoda : Sessilia : Balanidae : Balanus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Ostracoda
class
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Ambostracon
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Hemicytheridae : Ambostracon23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Argilloecia
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Pontocyprididae : Argilloecia23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Australoecia
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Pontocyprididae : Australoecia23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Bairdoppilata
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Bairdiidae : Bairdoppilata23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Buntonia
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : Buntonia23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Carinocythereis
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : Carinocythereis23.03 - 20.44 Ma
Miocene
Chrysocythere
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : Chrysocythere23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Coquimba
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Hemicytheridae : Coquimba23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Crenaleya
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Hemicytheridae : Crenaleya23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Cytherois
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Paradoxostomatidae : Cytherois23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Cytheropteron
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cytheruridae : Cytheropteron23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Eucythere
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Eucytheridae : Eucythere20.44 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Eucytherura
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cytheruridae : Eucytherura23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Haughtonileberis
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : Haughtonileberis23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Hemicytherura
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cytheruridae : Hemicytherura23.03 - 20.44 Ma
Miocene
Hemingwayella
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cytheruridae : Hemingwayella23.03 - 20.44 Ma
Miocene
Henryhowella
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : Henryhowella23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Hermanites
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Hemicytheridae : Hermanites15.97 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Idiocythere
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : Idiocythere23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Incongruellina
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : Incongruellina23.03 - 20.44 Ma
Miocene
Kangarina
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cytheruridae : Kangarina23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Krithe
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Krithidae : Krithe23.03 - 20.44 Ma
Miocene
Leguminocythereis
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Leguminocythereis23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Loxoconcha
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Loxoconchidae : Loxoconcha20.44 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Macrocypris
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Macrocyprididae : Macrocypris23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Munseyella
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Pectocytheridae : Munseyella23.03 - 20.44 Ma
Miocene
Neocytherideis
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Neocytherideididae : Neocytherideis23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Paijenborchella
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cytheridae : Paijenborchella23.03 - 20.44 Ma
Miocene
Palmoconcha
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Palmoconcha23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Paracytheridea
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Paracytherideidae : Paracytheridea23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Parakrithella
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Krithidae : Parakrithella23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Pseudocythere
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Bythocytheridae : Pseudocythere23.03 - 20.44 Ma
Miocene
Ruggieria
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : Ruggieria23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Saida
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Saididae : Saida23.03 - 20.44 Ma
Miocene
Semicytherura
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cytheruridae : Semicytherura23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Stigmatocythere
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : Stigmatocythere23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Trachyleberis
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : Trachyleberis23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Xestoleberis
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Xestoleberididae : Xestoleberis23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Cytherella
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Platycopina : Cytherellidae : Cytherella23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Grammella
genus
Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Membraniporidae : Grammella38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Galeocerdo
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae : Galeocerdo38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Galeus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Scyliorhinidae : Galeus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Osteichthyes
unranked clade
Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Amphibia
class
Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Reptilia
class
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Squamata
order
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Crocodylia
unranked clade
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia47.8 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Aves
class
Animalia : Chordata : Aves23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Pipidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Anura : Pipidae47.8 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Pelomedusa
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pelomedusidae : Pelomedusa23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Lacertilia
suborder
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Lacertilia41.3 - 11.608 Ma
Cenozoic
Gekkonidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Gekkonidae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Varanidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Varanidae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Varanus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Varanidae : Varanus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Serpentes
unranked clade
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Serpentes41.3 - 11.608 Ma
Cenozoic
Scolecophidia
infraorder
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Scolecophidia23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Boidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Boidae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Python
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Pythonidae : Python23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Colubroidea
superfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubroidea41.3 - 11.608 Ma
Cenozoic
Colubridae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Naja
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Elapidae : Naja23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Viperidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Viperidae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Bitis
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Viperidae : Bitis23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Vipera
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Viperidae : Vipera23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Struthionidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Struthioniformes : Struthionidae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Accipitridae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Phasianidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Phasianidae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Macroscelidea
order
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Macroscelidea41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Macroscelididae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Macroscelidea : Macroscelididae47.8 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Myohyrax
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Macroscelidea : Macroscelididae : Myohyrax41.3 - 11.608 Ma
Cenozoic
Palaeothentoides
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Macroscelidea : Macroscelididae : Palaeothentoides23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Erinaceidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Erinaceomorpha : Erinaceidae47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Amphechinus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Erinaceomorpha : Erinaceidae : Amphechinus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Prochrysochloris
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Chrysochloridae : Prochrysochloris23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Rhinolophus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera : Rhinolophidae : Rhinolophus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Hyaenodontidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodontidae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Isohyaenodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodonta : Hyainailouridae : Isohyaenodon23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Pterodon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodonta : Hyainailouridae : Pterodon47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Viverridae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverridae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Mustelidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Sivaonyx
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Sivaonyx5.333 - 3.6 Ma
Neogene
Afrocyon
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Afrocyon23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Ysengrinia
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Ysengrinia23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Vulcanisciurus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Vulcanisciurus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Megapedetes
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Pedetidae : Megapedetes23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Bathyergoides
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Bathyergoididae : Bathyergoides41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Gaudeamus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Gaudeamuridae : Gaudeamus41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Phiomys
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Phiomyidae : Phiomys41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Diamantomys
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Diamantomyidae : Diamantomys23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Brachyodus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Anthracotheriidae : Brachyodus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Rhinocerotidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Diceros
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Diceros23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Gomphotherium
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Gomphotheriidae : Gomphotherium23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Prohyrax
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Prohyrax23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Colubrinae
subfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae : Colubrinae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Natricinae
subfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae : Natricinae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Eusuchia
suborder
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Eusuchia23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Testudines
order
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Hyaenodontinae
subfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodonta : Hyaenodontidae : Hyaenodontinae47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Amphisbaenia
infraorder
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Amphisbaenia47.8 - 11.608 Ma
Cenozoic
Proviverrinae
subfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodonta : Proviverrinae47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Planorbis
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Planorbidae : Planorbis41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Kuiperiana
genus
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Loxoconchidae : Kuiperiana23.03 - 13.82 Ma
Miocene
Python sebae
species
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Pythonidae : Python : Python sebae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Trigonephrus
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Stylommatophora : Dorcasiidae : Trigonephrus47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Austrolagomys
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Ochotonidae : Austrolagomys23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Homoiodorcas
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Homoiodorcas23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Protarsomys
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : Protarsomys23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Otolithus (Chrysophris)
subgenus
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Spariformes : Sparidae : Otolithus (Chrysophris)38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Oxyrhina
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Odontaspidida : Isuridae : Oxyrhina38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Cosmopolitodus hastalis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Odontaspidida : Carcharodontidae : Cosmopolitodus : Cosmopolitodus hastalis38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Isurus oxyrinchus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Lamnidae : Isurus : Isurus oxyrinchus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Lymnaea
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lymnaeidae : Lymnaea47.8 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Hydrobia
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Hydrobiidae : Hydrobia41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Bothriogenys gorringei
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Anthracotheriidae : Bothriogenys : Bothriogenys gorringei41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Zygrhablithus
genus
Chromista : Haptophyta : Prymnesiophyceae : Coccosphaerales : Calyptrosphaeraceae : Zygrhablithus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Discoaster
genus
Chromista : Haptophyta : Prymnesiophyceae : Discoasterales : Discoasteraceae : Discoaster38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Coccolithus
genus
Chromista : Haptophyta : Prymnesiophyceae : Coccolithales : Coccolithaceae : Coccolithus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Braarudosphaera
genus
Chromista : Haptophyta : Prymnesiophyceae : Coccosphaerales : Braarudosphaeraceae : Braarudosphaera38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Xerini
tribe
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Xerini23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Hyainailouros sulzeri
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyainailouros : Hyainailouros sulzeri23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Buhakia
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Teratodontidae : Buhakia23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Anura
order
Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Anura41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Metapterodon stromeri
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodontidae : Pterodon : Metapterodon stromeri23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Metapterodon kaiseri
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodontidae : Pterodon : Metapterodon kaiseri23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Odontaspis contortidens
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Lamniformes : Odontaspididae : Odontaspis : Odontaspis contortidens38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Schizoporella latisinuata
species
Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Schizoporellidae : Schizoporella : Schizoporella latisinuata38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Afrocyon ginsburgi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Afrocyon : Afrocyon ginsburgi23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Prodeinotherium hobleyi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : Prodeinotherium : Prodeinotherium hobleyi23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Turritella terebralis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turritellidae : Turritella : Turritella terebralis38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Lopholistriodon moruoroti
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Lopholistriodon : Lopholistriodon moruoroti23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Turritella (Torquesia) carinifera
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Turritellidae : Torquesia : Turritella (Torquesia) carinifera2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Galeodes cornutus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Melongenidae : Melongena : Galeodes cornutus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Ostrea gingensis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Ostrea : Ostrea gingensis38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Turritella (Haustator) vermicularis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Turritellidae : Haustator : Turritella (Haustator) vermicularis38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Cubitostrea digitalina
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Cubitostrea : Cubitostrea digitalina38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Adapisoriculidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Adapisoriculidae47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Aturia lotzi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Nautilida : Aturiidae : Aturia : Aturia lotzi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Cylindracanthus rectus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Acipenseriformes : Cylindracanthus : Cylindracanthus rectus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Nguruwe kijivium
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Nguruwe : Nguruwe kijivium23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Myliobatis dixoni
species
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Myliobatiformes : Myliobatidae : Myliobatis : Myliobatis dixoni38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Odontaspis winkleri
species
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Odontaspididae : Odontaspis : Odontaspis winkleri38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Odontaspis macrota
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Lamniformes : Odontaspididae : Odontaspis : Odontaspis macrota38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Dorcatherium pigotti
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tragulidae : Dorcatherium : Dorcatherium pigotti23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Afrosmilus africanus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Barbourofelidae : Afrosmilus : Afrosmilus africanus23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Ranoidea
superfamily
Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Anura : Ranoidea41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Lutraria lutraria
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Lutraria : Lutraria lutraria2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Titanohyracidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Titanohyracidae41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Conopeum lamellosum
species
Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Electridae : Conopeum : Conopeum lamellosum38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Galeocerdo latidens
species
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae : Galeocerdo : Galeocerdo latidens38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Notidanus serratissimus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Hexanchiformes : Hexanchidae : Notidanus : Notidanus serratissimus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Squatina prima
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Squatiniformes : Squatinidae : Squatina : Squatina prima38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Argobuccinum pustulosum
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Ranellidae : Argobuccinum : Argobuccinum pustulosum2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Zygolophodon morotoensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Mammutidae : Zygolophodon : Zygolophodon morotoensis23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Orycteropus minutus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Tubulidentata : Orycteropodidae : Orycteropus : Orycteropus minutus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Cristellaria subalata
species
Foraminifera : Cristellaria : Cristellaria subalata38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Talahphiomys
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Phiomyidae : Talahphiomys41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Talahphiomys lavocati
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Myophiomyidae : Talahphiomys : Talahphiomys lavocati41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Cichlidae
family
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Cichliformes : Cichlidae47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Perna perna
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Perna : Perna perna2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Namaortyx sperrgebietensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Namaortyx : Namaortyx sperrgebietensis41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Namibchersus namaquensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : Namibchersus : Namibchersus namaquensis23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Homopus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : Homopus23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Nucella praecingulata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Nucella : Nucella praecingulata2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Burnupena
genus
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : Burnupena2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Bullia annulata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : Bullia : Bullia annulata2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Patella granularis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Patellogastropoda : Patellidae : Patella : Patella granularis2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Diodora parviforata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Fissurellidae : Diodora : Diodora parviforata2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Thais dubia
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Thais : Thais dubia2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Donax serra
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Donacidae : Donax : Donax serra2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Bullia laevissima
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : Bullia : Bullia laevissima2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Buccinum digitale
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : Buccinum : Buccinum digitale2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Choromytilus meridionalis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Choromytilus : Choromytilus meridionalis2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Sistrum squamosum
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Thaididae : Drupa : Sistrum squamosum2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Patella granatina
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Patellogastropoda : Patellidae : Patella : Patella granatina2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Patella oculus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Patellogastropoda : Patellidae : Patella : Patella oculus2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Erymnochelys
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Podocnemididae : Erymnochelys23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Lamna vincenti
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Lamniformes : Lamnidae : Lamna : Lamna vincenti38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Teratodontinae
unranked clade
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodonta : Teratodontinae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Reticulofenestra
genus
Chromista : Haptophyta : Prymnesiophyceae : Isochrysidales : Noelaerhabdaceae : Reticulofenestra38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Crocodylus gariepensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae : Crocodylus : Crocodylus gariepensis23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Amphicyon giganteus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Amphicyon : Amphicyon giganteus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Hecubides euryodon
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Cynelos : Hecubides euryodon23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Namalestes gheerbranti
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Todralestidae : Namalestes : Namalestes gheerbranti47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Namahyrax corvus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Namahyrax : Namahyrax corvus47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Namatherium
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Arsinoitheriidae : Namatherium47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Notnamaia bogenfelsi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Notnamaia : Notnamaia bogenfelsi47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Zegdoumys namibiensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Zegdoumyidae : Zegdoumys : Zegdoumys namibiensis47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Silicamys cingulatus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Myophiomyidae : Silicamys : Silicamys cingulatus41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Prepomonomys bogenfelsi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Diamantomyidae : Prepomonomys : Prepomonomys bogenfelsi41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Protophiomys algeriensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Chapattimyidae : Protophiomys : Protophiomys algeriensis41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Exogyra scheibei
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Exogyra : Exogyra scheibei38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Lithodomus beetzi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Lithophaga : Lithodomus beetzi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Arca (Noetia) reuningi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Noetiidae : Noetia : Arca (Noetia) reuningi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Tellina (Peronaea) oppenheimi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Tellina : Tellina (Peronaea) oppenheimi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Mactra tumida
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Mactridae : Mactra : Mactra tumida38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Mya schweinfurthi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadida : Myidae : Mya : Mya schweinfurthi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Rocellaria clausa
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Gastrochaenida : Gastrochaenidae : Rocellaria : Rocellaria clausa38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Rocellaria sacculus
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Gastrochaenida : Gastrochaenidae : Rocellaria : Rocellaria sacculus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Turritella merenskyi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turritellidae : Turritella : Turritella merenskyi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Turritella (Haustator) atlantica
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Turritellidae : Haustator : Turritella (Haustator) atlantica38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Natica exilis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : Natica : Natica exilis38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Pseudoliva thielei
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Pseudolividae : Pseudoliva : Pseudoliva thielei38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Pseudoliva leutweini
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Pseudolividae : Pseudoliva : Pseudoliva leutweini38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Ocinebra dietrichi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Ocenebra : Ocinebra dietrichi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Streptosiphon piriformis
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : Afer : Streptosiphon piriformis38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Streptosiphon lotzi
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : Afer : Streptosiphon lotzi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Streptosiphon klinghardti
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : Afer : Streptosiphon klinghardti38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Vexillum lindequisti
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Costellariidae : Vexillum : Vexillum lindequisti38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Turricula excelsa
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Clavatulidae : Turricula : Turricula excelsa38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Bullinella convoluta
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Cylichnidae : Cylichna : Bullinella convoluta38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Cestracion vincenti
species
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Heterodontiformes : Heterodontidae : Heterodontus : Cestracion vincenti38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Lamna barnitzkei
species
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Lamnidae : Lamna : Lamna barnitzkei38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Alopecias smithwoodwardi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Lamnidae : Alopecias : Alopecias smithwoodwardi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Galeus porrectus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Carchariniformes : Scyliorhinidae : Galeus : Galeus porrectus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Galeus robustus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Carchariniformes : Scyliorhinidae : Galeus : Galeus robustus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Carcharias (Aprionodon) frequens
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Carchariniformes : Carcharhinidae : Aprionodon : Carcharias (Aprionodon) frequens38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Carcharias (Physodon) quartus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Lamniformes : Carchariidae : Physodon : Carcharias (Physodon) quartus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Rhaibodus rapax
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Plagiostomi : Carcharidae : Rhaibodus : Rhaibodus rapax38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Oxypristis ferinus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Rhinopristiformes : Pristidae : Oxypristis : Oxypristis ferinus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Rhinoptera rasilis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Myliobatiformes : Myliobatidae : Rhinoptera : Rhinoptera rasilis38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Pimelodus gaudryi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Siluridae : Pimelodus : Pimelodus gaudryi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Labrodon stromeri
species
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Labriformes : Labridae : Labrodon : Labrodon stromeri38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Paranarrhichas damesi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Blenniiformes : Blenniidae : Paranarrhichas : Paranarrhichas damesi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Odontorhytis pappenheimi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Odontorhytis : Odontorhytis pappenheimi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Sphyraenodus hastatus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Scombriformes : Sphyraenodus : Sphyraenodus hastatus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Arca koerti
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Arca : Arca koerti38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Tellina serrata
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Tellina : Tellina serrata38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Scopelortyx klinghardtensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Paraortygidae : Scopelortyx : Scopelortyx klinghardtensis41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Namapsitta praeruptorum
species
Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Psittaciformes : Namapsitta : Namapsitta praeruptorum41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Metaphiomys schaubi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Diamantomyidae : Metaphiomys : Metaphiomys schaubi41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Namasector soriae
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Prionogalidae : Namasector : Namasector soriae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Leptoplesictis senutae
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : Herpestes : Leptoplesictis senutae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Leptoplesictis namibiensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : Herpestes : Leptoplesictis namibiensis23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Orangictis gariepensis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverridae : Orangictis : Orangictis gariepensis23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Namibictis senuti
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Namibictis : Namibictis senuti23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Africanictis meini
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Africanictis : Africanictis meini23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Diamantofelis ferox
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Diamantofelis : Diamantofelis ferox23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Africanictis hyaenoides
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Africanictis : Africanictis hyaenoides23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Diamantofelis minor
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Diamantofelis : Diamantofelis minor23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Diamantochloris inconcessus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Chrysochloridae : Diamantochloris : Diamantochloris inconcessus47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Namachloris arenatans
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Chrysochloridae : Namachloris : Namachloris arenatans41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Namaloris rupestris
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Lorisidae : Namaloris : Namaloris rupestris41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Rupestrohyrax palustris
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Pliohyracidae : Rupestrohyrax : Rupestrohyrax palustris41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Namagale grandis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Potamogalidae : Namagale : Namagale grandis41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Sperrgale
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Tenrecidae : Sperrgale41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Sperrgale minutus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Tenrecidae : Sperrgale : Sperrgale minutus41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Arenagale calcareus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Tenrecidae : Arenagale : Arenagale calcareus41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Scutellastra barbara
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Patellogastropoda : Patellidae : Scutellastra : Scutellastra barbara2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Scutellastra cochlear
species
Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Patellogastropoda : Patellidae : Scutellastra : Scutellastra cochlear2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Geofossor corvinusae
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Bathyergidae : Geofossor : Geofossor corvinusae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Paraphiomys orangeus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae : Paraphiomys : Paraphiomys orangeus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Protarsomys lavocati
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : Protarsomys : Protarsomys lavocati23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Protenrec butleri
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Tenrecidae : Protenrec : Protenrec butleri23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Myohyrax oswaldi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Macroscelidea : Macroscelididae : Myohyrax : Myohyrax oswaldi23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Cibicides pseudoungerianus
species
Foraminifera : Cibicididae : Cibicides : Cibicides pseudoungerianus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Hydrocynus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Characiformes : Alestidae : Hydrocynus47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Falsocythere maccagnoi
species
Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : Falsocythere : Falsocythere maccagnoi23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Namibchersus
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Namibchersus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Mesochersus orangeus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : Mesochersus : Mesochersus orangeus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Pelomedusa senutpickfordina
species
Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pelomedusa : Pelomedusa senutpickfordina23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Deinotherium hobleyi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : Deinotherium : Deinotherium hobleyi23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Progomphotherium maraisi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Amebelodontidae : Progomphotherium : Progomphotherium maraisi23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Afromastodon coppensi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Amebelodontidae : Afromastodon : Afromastodon coppensi23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Sperrgebietomeryx wardi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Sperrgebietomeryx : Sperrgebietomeryx wardi23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Propalaeoryx austroafricanus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Propalaeoryx : Propalaeoryx austroafricanus23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Orangemeryx hendeyi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Orangemeryx : Orangemeryx hendeyi23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Prohyrax hendeyi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Procaviidae : Prohyrax : Prohyrax hendeyi23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Namadapis interdictus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Namadapis : Namadapis interdictus47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Nanogale fragilis
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Nanogale : Nanogale fragilis47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Damarachloris primaevus
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chrysochloridae : Damarachloris : Damarachloris primaevus47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Efeldomys
genus
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Bathyergidae : Efeldomys41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Tufamys woodi
species
Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Tufamyidae : Tufamys : Tufamys woodi41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Fossil LocalitiesClick to show 20 fossil localities

Localities in this Region

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

AfricaContinent
African PlateTectonic Plate
Namibia
Southern Africa

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