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Gamsberg zinc mine, Aggeneys, Khâi-Ma Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africai
Regional Level Types
Gamsberg zinc mineMine
AggeneysFarm
Khâi-Ma Local MunicipalityMunicipality
Namakwa District MunicipalityDistrict Municipality
Northern CapeProvince
South AfricaCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
07925010017271985323148.jpg
View of Gamsberg mountain

Gamsberg zinc mine, Aggeneys, Khâi-Ma Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
09869750017271985343065.jpg
Gamsberg mountain

Gamsberg zinc mine, Aggeneys, Khâi-Ma Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
05305600017271985414368.jpg
Vivianite, etc.

Gamsberg zinc mine, Aggeneys, Khâi-Ma Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
07925010017271985323148.jpg
View of Gamsberg mountain

Gamsberg zinc mine, Aggeneys, Khâi-Ma Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
09869750017271985343065.jpg
Gamsberg mountain

Gamsberg zinc mine, Aggeneys, Khâi-Ma Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
05305600017271985414368.jpg
Vivianite, etc.

Gamsberg zinc mine, Aggeneys, Khâi-Ma Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
07925010017271985323148.jpg
View of Gamsberg mountain

Gamsberg zinc mine, Aggeneys, Khâi-Ma Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
09869750017271985343065.jpg
Gamsberg mountain

Gamsberg zinc mine, Aggeneys, Khâi-Ma Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
29° 14' 9'' South , 18° 57' 29'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
-29.23602,18.95829
GeoHash:
G#: k6v3xmtpb
GRN:
S20E12
Type:
Mine
Köppen climate type:
BWh : Hot deserts climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Pofadder3,287 (2018)44.0km
Mindat Locality ID:
53701
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:53701:1
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Gamsberg opencast mine


Mesoproterozoic Broken Hill-type Zn-Pb deposit. Gamsberg is located about 30 km from Black Mountain Mining (BMM) in the Northern Cape, South Africa. BMM is located at Aggeneys, a mining town in the province. Vedanta holds 69.6%. Exxaro Resources, a leading South African BEE company owns 24.4% and ESOP holds 6%.
Gamsberg will exploit one of the largest known, undeveloped zinc orebodies in the world and comprises an open pit mine and a dedicated processing plant.
https://www.vedanta-zincinternational.com/our-operations/gamsberg

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


26 valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Alabandite
Formula: MnS
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ Calderite
Formula: Mn2+3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
ⓘ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘ Franklinite
Formula: Zn2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Gahnite
Formula: ZnAl2O4
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Graftonite
Formula: Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2
ⓘ Grunerite
Formula: ◻{Fe2+2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ 'Högbomite Group'
ⓘ Jacobsite
Formula: Mn2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ Phosphohedyphane
Formula: Ca2Pb3(PO4)3Cl
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Pyromorphite
Formula: Pb5(PO4)3Cl
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rhodonite
Formula: CaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
ⓘ Sillimanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Staurolite
Formula: Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)
ⓘ 'UM2002-53-PO:CaHPb'
Formula: Ca2Pb3(PO4)3(OH,Cl,F)
ⓘ Variscite
Formula: AlPO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Wolfeite
Formula: Fe2+2(PO4)(OH)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘAlabandite2.CD.10MnS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘFranklinite4.BB.05Zn2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘGahnite4.BB.05ZnAl2O4
ⓘJacobsite4.BB.05Mn2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘQuartz
var. Chalcedony		4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘ4.DA.05SiO2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘGraftonite8.AB.20Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2
ⓘWolfeite8.BB.15Fe2+2(PO4)(OH)
ⓘFluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘPyromorphite8.BN.05Pb5(PO4)3Cl
ⓘPhosphohedyphane8.BN.05Ca2Pb3(PO4)3Cl
ⓘVariscite8.CD.10AlPO4 · 2H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘCalderite9.AD.25Mn2+3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘSillimanite9.AF.05Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘStaurolite9.AF.30Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)
ⓘGrunerite9.DE.05◻{Fe2+2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘRhodonite9.DK.05CaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Unclassified
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Högbomite Group'-
ⓘ'UM2002-53-PO:CaHPb'-Ca2Pb3(PO4)3(OH,Cl,F)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ Grunerite◻{Fe22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Hⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ WolfeiteFe22+(PO4)(OH)
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Hⓘ UM2002-53-PO:CaHPbCa2Pb3(PO4)3(OH,Cl,F)
OOxygen
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ CalderiteMn32+Fe23+(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Oⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oⓘ FrankliniteZn2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ GahniteZnAl2O4
Oⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ GraftoniteFe2+Fe22+(PO4)2
Oⓘ Grunerite◻{Fe22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ JacobsiteMn2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Oⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Oⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ WolfeiteFe22+(PO4)(OH)
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ PhosphohedyphaneCa2Pb3(PO4)3Cl
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ UM2002-53-PO:CaHPbCa2Pb3(PO4)3(OH,Cl,F)
FFluorine
Fⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Fⓘ UM2002-53-PO:CaHPbCa2Pb3(PO4)3(OH,Cl,F)
AlAluminium
Alⓘ GahniteZnAl2O4
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Alⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ CalderiteMn32+Fe23+(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Siⓘ Grunerite◻{Fe22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Siⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pⓘ GraftoniteFe2+Fe22+(PO4)2
Pⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
Pⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Pⓘ WolfeiteFe22+(PO4)(OH)
Pⓘ PhosphohedyphaneCa2Pb3(PO4)3Cl
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Pⓘ UM2002-53-PO:CaHPbCa2Pb3(PO4)3(OH,Cl,F)
SSulfur
Sⓘ AlabanditeMnS
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
ClChlorine
Clⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
Clⓘ PhosphohedyphaneCa2Pb3(PO4)3Cl
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Clⓘ UM2002-53-PO:CaHPbCa2Pb3(PO4)3(OH,Cl,F)
KPotassium
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caⓘ RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Caⓘ PhosphohedyphaneCa2Pb3(PO4)3Cl
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caⓘ UM2002-53-PO:CaHPbCa2Pb3(PO4)3(OH,Cl,F)
MnManganese
Mnⓘ AlabanditeMnS
Mnⓘ CalderiteMn32+Fe23+(SiO4)3
Mnⓘ JacobsiteMn2+Fe23+O4
Mnⓘ RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
FeIron
Feⓘ CalderiteMn32+Fe23+(SiO4)3
Feⓘ FrankliniteZn2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ GraftoniteFe2+Fe22+(PO4)2
Feⓘ Grunerite◻{Fe22+}{Fe52+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ JacobsiteMn2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Feⓘ WolfeiteFe22+(PO4)(OH)
ZnZinc
Znⓘ FrankliniteZn2+Fe23+O4
Znⓘ GahniteZnAl2O4
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
Pbⓘ PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
Pbⓘ PhosphohedyphaneCa2Pb3(PO4)3Cl
Pbⓘ UM2002-53-PO:CaHPbCa2Pb3(PO4)3(OH,Cl,F)

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AfricaContinent
African PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Ryan, P.J., Lawrence, A.L., Lipson, R.D., Moore, J.M., Paterson, A., Stedman, D.P., and Van Zyl, D. (1986). The Aggeneys base metal sulfide deposits, Namaqualand district. In Anhausser, C.R., and Maske, S., eds., Mineral deposits of South Africa: Johannesburg, Geological Society of South Africa, p. 1447-1473.
Rozendaal, A. (1977): Geological structure of the Gamsberg zinc deposit, Namaqualand, South Africa. Annale - Universiteit van Stellenbosch, Serie A1: Geologie, 2, 1-32
Rozendaal, A. (1978): The Gamsberg zinc deposit, Namaqualand. Special Publication - Geological Society of South Africa 4, 235-265.
Rozendaal, A. (1980): The Gamsberg zinc deposit, South Africa: a banded stratiform base-​metal sulfide ore deposit. In: Ridge, John Drew (Ed.), Proc. Quadrenn. IAGOD Symp., 5th (1980), 619-633.
von Gehlen, K., Nielsen, H., Chunnett, I., Rozendaal, A. (1983) Sulphur isotopes in metamorphosed Precambrian Fe-Pb-Zn-Cu sulphides and baryte at Aggeneys and Gamsberg, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 47 (345) 481-486 doi:10.1180/minmag.1983.047.345.09
Rozendaal, A. and Stumpfl, E.F. (1984): Mineral chemistry and genesis of Gamsberg zinc deposit, South Africa. Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (Section B), 93, B161–B175.
Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa. p.1-290.
Stalder, M., Rozendaal, A. (2002) Graftonite in phosphatic iron formations associated with the mid-Proterozoic Gamsberg Zn-Pb deposit, Namaqua Province, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 66 (6) 915-927 doi:10.1180/0026461026660067
Stalder, Marcel, Rozendaal, Abraham (2004) Apatite nodules as an indicator of depositional environment and ore genesis for the Mesoproterozoic Broken Hill-type Gamsberg Zn-Pb deposit, Namaqua Province, South Africa. Mineralium Deposita, 39 (2). 189-203 doi:10.1007/s00126-003-0394-8
Stalder, M. & Rozendaal, A. (2005): Distribution and geochemical characteristics of barite and barium-​rich rocks associated with the Broken Hill-​type Gamsberg Zn-​Pb deposit, Namaqua Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 108(1), 35-50.
Stalder, M. & Rozendaal, A. (2005): Calderite-rich garnet and franklinite-rich spinel in amphibolite-facies hydrothermal sediments, Gamsberg Zn-Pb ore deposit, Namaqua Province, South Africa. Canadian Mineralogist 43, 585-599.
Schouwstra, R., de Vaux, D., Hey, P., Malysiak, V., Shackleton, N., Bramdeo, S. (2010) Understanding Gamsberg – A geometallurgical study of a large stratiform zinc deposit. Minerals Engineering, 23 (11). 960-967 doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2010.03.013
Höhn, Stefan, Frimmel, Hartwig E., Debaille, Vinciane, Price, Westley (2021) Pre‐Klondikean oxidation prepared the ground for Broken Hill‐type mineralization in South Africa. Terra Nova, 33 (2) 168-173 doi:10.1111/ter.12502
Höhn, Stefan, Frimmel, Hartwig E., Price, Westley (2021) Syn-metamorphic sulfidation of the Gamsberg zinc deposit, South Africa. Mineralogy and Petrology, 115 (6) 709-728 doi:10.1007/s00710-021-00764-w
Cawood, Tarryn K., Rozendaal, Abraham, Spry, Paul G. (2023) Discussion on “Syn-metamorphic sulfidation of the Gamsberg zinc deposit, South Africa” by Stefan Höhn, Hartwig E. Frimmel, and Westley Price. Mineralogy and Petrology, 117 (4) 775-785 doi:10.1007/s00710-023-00821-6
Höhn, Stefan, Frimmel, Hartwig E., Price, Westley (2023) Response to: Discussion on “Syn-metamorphic sulfidation of the Gamsberg zinc deposit, South Africa” by Stefan Höhn, Hartwig E. Frimmel, and Westley Price. Mineralogy and Petrology, 117 (4) 787-792 doi:10.1007/s00710-023-00822-5
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