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Virunga Volcanic Field, North Kivu, DR Congoi
Regional Level Types
Virunga Volcanic FieldVolcanic Field
North KivuProvince
DR CongoCountry

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PhotosSearch
00174990017272017012186.jpg
Lava flow in the outskirts of Goma

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
03562690017272732186460.jpg
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
09379490017272017035642.jpg
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
00174990017272017012186.jpg
Lava flow in the outskirts of Goma

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
03562690017272732186460.jpg
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
09379490017272017035642.jpg
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
00174990017272017012186.jpg
Lava flow in the outskirts of Goma

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
03562690017272732186460.jpg
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
Type:
Volcanic Field
Mindat Locality ID:
406272
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:406272:4
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Virunga Massif; Birunga volcanics


A large recent volcanic field that extends into Uganda and Rwanda, but the greater part is within Congo in the Western Rift.

The field comprises eight volcanic ranges: Mount Nyiragongo, Mount Nyamurangira, Mount Mikeno in the DR Congo; Mount Bisoke, Mount Karisimbi on the border with Rwanda; and Mount Muhavura, Mount Sabyinyo, Mount Gahinga on the border with Uganda and Rwanda.

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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

45 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

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Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Holmes, A., & Harwood, H. F. (1937). The volcanic area of Bufumbira. Part 2. The petrology of the volcanic field of Bufumbria, south-west Uganda, and of other parts of the Birunga field. Geological Survey of Uganda, Memoir, 3 (Part 2).
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Aoki, K., Ishiwaka, K., & Kanisawa, S. (1981). Fluorine geochemistry of basaltic rocks from continental and oceanic regions and petrogenetic application. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 76(1), 53-59. doi.org/10.1007/BF00373683
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Ueki, S. (1983). Recent volcanism of Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo. Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects, 7-18.
Aoki, K. I., & Kurasawa, H. (1984). Sr isotope study of the tephrite series from Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Geochemical Journal, 18(2), 95-100. doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.18.95
Aoki, K. I., Yoshida, T., Yusa, K., & Nakamura, Y. (1985). Petrology and geochemistry of the Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 25(1-2), 1-28. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90002-2
ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase
Formula: (Na,K)AlSi3O8
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Holmes, A., & Harwood, H. F. (1937). The volcanic area of Bufumbira. Part 2. The petrology of the volcanic field of Bufumbria, south-west Uganda, and of other parts of the Birunga field. Geological Survey of Uganda, Memoir, 3 (Part 2).
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Aoki, K., Ishiwaka, K., & Kanisawa, S. (1981). Fluorine geochemistry of basaltic rocks from continental and oceanic regions and petrogenetic application. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 76(1), 53-59. doi.org/10.1007/BF00373683
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Ueki, S. (1983). Recent volcanism of Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo. Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects, 7-18.
Aoki, K. I., & Kurasawa, H. (1984). Sr isotope study of the tephrite series from Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Geochemical Journal, 18(2), 95-100. doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.18.95
Aoki, K. I., Yoshida, T., Yusa, K., & Nakamura, Y. (1985). Petrology and geochemistry of the Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 25(1-2), 1-28. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90002-2
ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'
References:
Combe, A. D., & Simmons, W. C. (1933). The volcanic area of Bufumbira: The geology of the volcanic area of Bufumbira, south-west Uganda: Geol. Survey Uganda Mem. Ill, pt. I, 1-143.
Holmes, A., & Harwood, H. F. (1937). The volcanic area of Bufumbira. Part 2. The petrology of the volcanic field of Bufumbria, south-west Uganda, and of other parts of the Birunga field. Geological Survey of Uganda, Memoir, 3 (Part 2).
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Guibert, P., Delaloye, M., & Hunziker, J. (1975). Contribution à l’étude géologique du volcan Mikeno, chaîne des Virunga (République du Zaïre). CR Scé. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat., Genève, ns, 10(1), 57-66.
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ Analcime
Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
References:
Marcelot, G., Rançon, J. P., & Demange, J. (1985). The potassic series of Karisimbi volcano (Virunga range, Rwanda): Volcanological and petrological aspects. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 26(1-2), 99-129. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90048-4
De Mulder, M. (1985). The Karisimbi volcano (Virunga). Annales-Musée royal de l'Afrique Centrale. Sciences géologiques, (90).
De Mulder, M., Pasteels, P. (1986) K-Ar geochronology of the Karisimbi volcano (Virunga, Rwanda-Zaire). Journal of African Earth Sciences (1983), 5 (6). 575-579 doi:10.1016/0899-5362(86)90023-0
De Mulder, M., Hertogen, J., Deutsch, S., & André, L. (1986). The role of crustal contamination in the potassic suite of the Karisimbi volcano (Virunga, African Rift Valley). Chemical geology, 57(1-2), 117-136. doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90097-5
Rogers, N. W., De Mulder, M., & Hawkesworth, C. J. (1992). An enriched mantle source for potassic basanites: evidence from Karisimbi volcano, Virunga volcanic province, Rwanda. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 111(4), 543-556. doi.org//10.1007/BF00320908
ⓘ Andrémeyerite (TL)
Formula: BaFe2+2(Si2O7)
Type Locality:
Description: The mineral was identified from a single specimen in vesicles of melilite-leucite-nephelinite lava,…Associated minerals are nepheline, leucite, clinopyroxene, kirschsteinite, and melilite, along with a green glass (intimately associated. Crystals are less than 0.2 mm long,0.1 mm in diameter with {100} and {011> dominant. Color pale emerald-green
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, Th.G., Siivola, J., Rehtijärvi, P. (1973) Andremeyerite, a new barium iron silicate, from Nyiragongo, Zaire. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 45 (1). 1-8 doi:10.17741/bgsf/45.1.001
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., SACK, R. O. (1988) Experimental Petrology of Melilite Nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29 (6) 1233-1255 doi:10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
Andersen, Tom, Elburg, Marlina A., Erambert, Muriel (2014) Extreme peralkalinity in delhayelite- and andremeyerite-bearing nephelinite from Nyiragongo volcano, East African Rift. Lithos, 206. 164-178 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.07.025
ⓘ Anglesite
Formula: PbSO4
ⓘ Anorthite
Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8)
References:
Marcelot, G., Rançon, J. P., & Demange, J. (1985). The potassic series of Karisimbi volcano (Virunga range, Rwanda): Volcanological and petrological aspects. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 26(1-2), 99-129. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90048-4
De Mulder, M. (1985). The Karisimbi volcano (Virunga). Annales-Musée royal de l'Afrique Centrale. Sciences géologiques, (90).
De Mulder, M., Pasteels, P. (1986) K-Ar geochronology of the Karisimbi volcano (Virunga, Rwanda-Zaire). Journal of African Earth Sciences (1983), 5 (6). 575-579 doi:10.1016/0899-5362(86)90023-0
De Mulder, M., Hertogen, J., Deutsch, S., & André, L. (1986). The role of crustal contamination in the potassic suite of the Karisimbi volcano (Virunga, African Rift Valley). Chemical geology, 57(1-2), 117-136. doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90097-5
Rogers, N. W., De Mulder, M., & Hawkesworth, C. J. (1992). An enriched mantle source for potassic basanites: evidence from Karisimbi volcano, Virunga volcanic province, Rwanda. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 111(4), 543-556. doi.org//10.1007/BF00320908
ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite
Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
References:
Marcelot, G., Rançon, J. P., & Demange, J. (1985). The potassic series of Karisimbi volcano (Virunga range, Rwanda): Volcanological and petrological aspects. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 26(1-2), 99-129. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90048-4
De Mulder, M. (1985). The Karisimbi volcano (Virunga). Annales-Musée royal de l'Afrique Centrale. Sciences géologiques, (90).
De Mulder, M., Pasteels, P. (1986) K-Ar geochronology of the Karisimbi volcano (Virunga, Rwanda-Zaire). Journal of African Earth Sciences (1983), 5 (6). 575-579 doi:10.1016/0899-5362(86)90023-0
De Mulder, M., Hertogen, J., Deutsch, S., & André, L. (1986). The role of crustal contamination in the potassic suite of the Karisimbi volcano (Virunga, African Rift Valley). Chemical geology, 57(1-2), 117-136. doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90097-5
Rogers, N. W., De Mulder, M., & Hawkesworth, C. J. (1992). An enriched mantle source for potassic basanites: evidence from Karisimbi volcano, Virunga volcanic province, Rwanda. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 111(4), 543-556. doi.org//10.1007/BF00320908
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ Aphthitalite
Formula: (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
ⓘ Åkermanite
Formula: Ca2Mg[Si2O7]
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ 'Biotite var. Titanium-bearing Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Holmes, A., & Harwood, H. F. (1937). The volcanic area of Bufumbira. Part 2. The petrology of the volcanic field of Bufumbria, south-west Uganda, and of other parts of the Birunga field. Geological Survey of Uganda, Memoir, 3 (Part 2).
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Aoki, K., Ishiwaka, K., & Kanisawa, S. (1981). Fluorine geochemistry of basaltic rocks from continental and oceanic regions and petrogenetic application. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 76(1), 53-59. doi.org/10.1007/BF00373683
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Ueki, S. (1983). Recent volcanism of Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo. Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects, 7-18.
Aoki, K. I., & Kurasawa, H. (1984). Sr isotope study of the tephrite series from Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Geochemical Journal, 18(2), 95-100. doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.18.95
Aoki, K. I., Yoshida, T., Yusa, K., & Nakamura, Y. (1985). Petrology and geochemistry of the Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 25(1-2), 1-28. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90002-2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., SACK, R. O. (1988) Experimental Petrology of Melilite Nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29 (6) 1233-1255 doi:10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
Haapala, I. L. M. A. R. I. (2011). Th. G. Sahama’s (1910–1983) volcanological and mineralogical studies in Africa: Part I. Expeditions to the Virunga Volcanic Field and petrological-mineralogical studies on the Nyiragongo volcano. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 83, 41-55.
Andersen, Tom, Elburg, Marlina A., Erambert, Muriel (2014) Extreme peralkalinity in delhayelite- and andremeyerite-bearing nephelinite from Nyiragongo volcano, East African Rift. Lithos, 206. 164-178 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.07.025
ⓘ Chalcanthite
Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O
ⓘ Chlorbartonite ?
Formula: K6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
ⓘ 'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ Combeite
Formula: Na4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., SACK, R. O. (1988) Experimental Petrology of Melilite Nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29 (6) 1233-1255 doi:10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
Andersen, Tom, Elburg, Marlina A., Erambert, Muriel (2014) Extreme peralkalinity in delhayelite- and andremeyerite-bearing nephelinite from Nyiragongo volcano, East African Rift. Lithos, 206. 164-178 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.07.025
ⓘ Cordierite
Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
ⓘ Cuspidine
Formula: Ca8(Si2O7)2F4
ⓘ Delhayelite
Formula: (Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., SACK, R. O. (1988) Experimental Petrology of Melilite Nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29 (6) 1233-1255 doi:10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
Andersen, Tom, Elburg, Marlina A., Erambert, Muriel (2014) Extreme peralkalinity in delhayelite- and andremeyerite-bearing nephelinite from Nyiragongo volcano, East African Rift. Lithos, 206. 164-178 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.07.025
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside
Formula: Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Holmes, A., & Harwood, H. F. (1937). The volcanic area of Bufumbira. Part 2. The petrology of the volcanic field of Bufumbria, south-west Uganda, and of other parts of the Birunga field. Geological Survey of Uganda, Memoir, 3 (Part 2).
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Aoki, K., Ishiwaka, K., & Kanisawa, S. (1981). Fluorine geochemistry of basaltic rocks from continental and oceanic regions and petrogenetic application. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 76(1), 53-59. doi.org/10.1007/BF00373683
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Ueki, S. (1983). Recent volcanism of Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo. Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects, 7-18.
Aoki, K. I., & Kurasawa, H. (1984). Sr isotope study of the tephrite series from Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Geochemical Journal, 18(2), 95-100. doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.18.95
Aoki, K. I., Yoshida, T., Yusa, K., & Nakamura, Y. (1985). Petrology and geochemistry of the Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 25(1-2), 1-28. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90002-2
ⓘ Diopside var. Salite
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Elpasolite
Formula: K2NaAlF6
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Holmes, A., & Harwood, H. F. (1937). The volcanic area of Bufumbira. Part 2. The petrology of the volcanic field of Bufumbria, south-west Uganda, and of other parts of the Birunga field. Geological Survey of Uganda, Memoir, 3 (Part 2).
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Aoki, K., Ishiwaka, K., & Kanisawa, S. (1981). Fluorine geochemistry of basaltic rocks from continental and oceanic regions and petrogenetic application. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 76(1), 53-59. doi.org/10.1007/BF00373683
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Ueki, S. (1983). Recent volcanism of Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo. Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects, 7-18.
Aoki, K. I., & Kurasawa, H. (1984). Sr isotope study of the tephrite series from Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Geochemical Journal, 18(2), 95-100. doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.18.95
Aoki, K. I., Yoshida, T., Yusa, K., & Nakamura, Y. (1985). Petrology and geochemistry of the Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 25(1-2), 1-28. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90002-2
ⓘ Forsterite
Formula: Mg2SiO4
ⓘ Fresnoite
Formula: Ba2Ti(Si2O7)O
ⓘ 'Glass'
Description: Green glass.
ⓘ Götzenite
Formula: NaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., SACK, R. O. (1988) Experimental Petrology of Melilite Nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29 (6) 1233-1255 doi:10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
Andersen, Tom, Elburg, Marlina A., Erambert, Muriel (2014) Extreme peralkalinity in delhayelite- and andremeyerite-bearing nephelinite from Nyiragongo volcano, East African Rift. Lithos, 206. 164-178 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.07.025
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Halite
Formula: NaCl
ⓘ Hedenbergite
Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6
ⓘ Hieratite
Formula: K2[SiF6]
ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Holmes, A., & Harwood, H. F. (1937). The volcanic area of Bufumbira. Part 2. The petrology of the volcanic field of Bufumbria, south-west Uganda, and of other parts of the Birunga field. Geological Survey of Uganda, Memoir, 3 (Part 2).
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Aoki, K., Ishiwaka, K., & Kanisawa, S. (1981). Fluorine geochemistry of basaltic rocks from continental and oceanic regions and petrogenetic application. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 76(1), 53-59. doi.org/10.1007/BF00373683
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Ueki, S. (1983). Recent volcanism of Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo. Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects, 7-18.
Aoki, K. I., & Kurasawa, H. (1984). Sr isotope study of the tephrite series from Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Geochemical Journal, 18(2), 95-100. doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.18.95
Aoki, K. I., Yoshida, T., Yusa, K., & Nakamura, Y. (1985). Petrology and geochemistry of the Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 25(1-2), 1-28. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90002-2
ⓘ Kalsilite
Formula: KAlSiO4
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171.
Sahama, T. G. (1960). Kalsilite in the lavas of mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo). Journal of Petrology, 1(2), 146-171. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, T. G. (1973). Evolution of the Nyiragongo magma. Journal of Petrology, 14(1), 33-48. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., SACK, R. O. (1988) Experimental Petrology of Melilite Nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29 (6) 1233-1255 doi:10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
Haapala, I. L. M. A. R. I. (2011). Th. G. Sahama’s (1910–1983) volcanological and mineralogical studies in Africa: Part I. Expeditions to the Virunga Volcanic Field and petrological-mineralogical studies on the Nyiragongo volcano. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 83, 41-55.
Andersen, Tom, Elburg, Marlina A., Erambert, Muriel (2014) Extreme peralkalinity in delhayelite- and andremeyerite-bearing nephelinite from Nyiragongo volcano, East African Rift. Lithos, 206. 164-178 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.07.025
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ Kirschsteinite
Formula: CaFe2+SiO4
ⓘ Leucite
Formula: K(AlSi2O6)
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘ Mascagnite
Formula: (NH4)2SO4
Description: Occurs around active volcanic fumaroles.
ⓘ 'Melilite Group'
Formula: Ca2M(XSiO7)
ⓘ 'Mica Group'
ⓘ Native Sulphur
Formula: S8
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ Perovskite
Formula: CaTiO3
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Phlogopite var. Titanium-bearing Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Sanidine
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Sillimanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘ Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘ Spinel
Formula: MgAl2O4
ⓘ Sylvite
Formula: KCl
ⓘ Thénardite
Formula: Na2SO4
ⓘ Troilite
Formula: FeS
ⓘ Tschermigite
Formula: (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
ⓘ 'UM1975-16-SO:HKZn'
Formula: K2Zn(SO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘ Umbrianite
Formula: K7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘNative Sulphur1.CC.05S8
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘTroilite2.CC.10FeS
ⓘChlorbartonite ?2.FC.10K6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘHalite3.AA.20NaCl
ⓘSylvite3.AA.20KCl
ⓘElpasolite3.CB.15K2NaAlF6
ⓘHieratite3.CH.15K2[SiF6]
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘSpinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
ⓘMagnetite
var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite		4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘPerovskite4.CC.30CaTiO3
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAphthitalite7.AC.35(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
ⓘMascagnite7.AD.05(NH4)2SO4
ⓘThénardite7.AD.25Na2SO4
ⓘAnglesite7.AD.35PbSO4
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘChalcanthite7.CB.20CuSO4 · 5H2O
ⓘTschermigite7.CC.20(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘForsterite9.AC.05Mg2SiO4
ⓘKirschsteinite9.AC.05CaFe2+SiO4
ⓘSillimanite9.AF.05Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘÅkermanite9.BB.10Ca2Mg[Si2O7]
ⓘAndrémeyerite (TL)9.BB.20BaFe2+2(Si2O7)
ⓘFresnoite9.BE.15Ba2Ti(Si2O7)O
ⓘCuspidine9.BE.17Ca8(Si2O7)2F4
ⓘGötzenite9.BE.22NaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
ⓘCordierite9.CJ.10(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
ⓘCombeite9.CJ.15aNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘDiopside
var. Chromium-bearing Diopside		9.DA.15Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
ⓘ9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘHedenbergite9.DA.15CaFe2+Si2O6
ⓘDiopside
var. Salite		9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘDelhayelite9.EB.10(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
ⓘUmbrianite9.EB.25K7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Titanium-bearing Phlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘKalsilite9.FA.05KAlSiO4
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘSanidine9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAnorthite9.FA.35Ca(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘAlbite
var. Anorthoclase		9.FA.35(Na,K)AlSi3O8
ⓘAnorthite
var. Labradorite		9.FA.35(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘAnalcime9.GB.05Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O
ⓘLeucite9.GB.05K(AlSi2O6)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Mica Group'-
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'-◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'-
ⓘ'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Biotite
var. Titanium-bearing Biotite'		-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Glass'-
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Melilite Group'-Ca2M(XSiO7)
ⓘ'UM1975-16-SO:HKZn'-K2Zn(SO4)2 · 2H2O

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Hⓘ CombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
Hⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Hⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Hⓘ UM1975-16-SO:HKZnK2Zn(SO4)2 · 2H2O
Hⓘ Phlogopite var. Titanium-bearing PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CCarbon
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
NNitrogen
Nⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Nⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
OOxygen
Oⓘ ÅkermaniteCa2Mg[Si2O7]
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Oⓘ AndrémeyeriteBaFe22+(Si2O7)
Oⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Oⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Oⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Oⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Oⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Oⓘ CombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
Oⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Oⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Oⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Oⓘ FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O
Oⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Oⓘ KirschsteiniteCaFe2+SiO4
Oⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Oⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Oⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Oⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Oⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Oⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Oⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Oⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Oⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
Oⓘ UM1975-16-SO:HKZnK2Zn(SO4)2 · 2H2O
Oⓘ Phlogopite var. Titanium-bearing PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
FFluorine
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Fⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Fⓘ ElpasoliteK2NaAlF6
Fⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Fⓘ HieratiteK2[SiF6]
Fⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Fⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Fⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Naⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Naⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Naⓘ CombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
Naⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Naⓘ ElpasoliteK2NaAlF6
Naⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Naⓘ HaliteNaCl
Naⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Naⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Naⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ ÅkermaniteCa2Mg[Si2O7]
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Mgⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Mgⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Mgⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ Phlogopite var. Titanium-bearing PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Alⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Alⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Alⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Alⓘ ElpasoliteK2NaAlF6
Alⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Alⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Alⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Alⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Alⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Alⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Alⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
Alⓘ Phlogopite var. Titanium-bearing PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ ÅkermaniteCa2Mg[Si2O7]
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
Siⓘ AndrémeyeriteBaFe22+(Si2O7)
Siⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Siⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Siⓘ CombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
Siⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Siⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Siⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Siⓘ FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O
Siⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Siⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Siⓘ HieratiteK2[SiF6]
Siⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Siⓘ KirschsteiniteCaFe2+SiO4
Siⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Siⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Siⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Siⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Siⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
Siⓘ Phlogopite var. Titanium-bearing PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Sⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Sⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ Native SulphurS8
Sⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Sⓘ TroiliteFeS
Sⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Sⓘ ChlorbartoniteK6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
Sⓘ UM1975-16-SO:HKZnK2Zn(SO4)2 · 2H2O
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Clⓘ HaliteNaCl
Clⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Clⓘ SylviteKCl
Clⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Clⓘ ChlorbartoniteK6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Clⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
KPotassium
Kⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Kⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Kⓘ ElpasoliteK2NaAlF6
Kⓘ HieratiteK2[SiF6]
Kⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Kⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ SylviteKCl
Kⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ ChlorbartoniteK6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
Kⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
Kⓘ UM1975-16-SO:HKZnK2Zn(SO4)2 · 2H2O
Kⓘ Phlogopite var. Titanium-bearing PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ ÅkermaniteCa2Mg[Si2O7]
Caⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Caⓘ CombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
Caⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Caⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Caⓘ KirschsteiniteCaFe2+SiO4
Caⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Caⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Caⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Caⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O
Tiⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Tiⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Tiⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
CrChromium
Crⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
FeIron
Feⓘ AndrémeyeriteBaFe22+(Si2O7)
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Feⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ KirschsteiniteCaFe2+SiO4
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Feⓘ TroiliteFeS
Feⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Feⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ ChlorbartoniteK6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
CuCopper
Cuⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
ZnZinc
Znⓘ UM1975-16-SO:HKZnK2Zn(SO4)2 · 2H2O
BaBarium
Baⓘ AndrémeyeriteBaFe22+(Si2O7)
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Baⓘ FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O
PbLead
Pbⓘ AnglesitePbSO4

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Pleistocene : 0.176 ± 0.03 Ma to 0.064 ± 0.025 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Cenozoic
  Quaternary
   Pleistocene
ⓘ Phlogopite (youngest age)0.064 ± 0.025 MaMount Sabyinyo, Africa
ⓘ Phlogopite (oldest age)0.176 ± 0.03 MaMount Sabyinyo, Africa

Fossils

This region is too big or complex to display the fossil list, try looking at smaller subregions.

Localities in this Region

Africa
DR Congo

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

AfricaContinent
African PlateTectonic Plate
DR Congo

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Combe, A. D., & Simmons, W. C. (1933). The volcanic area of Bufumbira: The geology of the volcanic area of Bufumbira, south-west Uganda: Geol. Survey Uganda Mem. Ill, pt. I, 1-143.
Holmes, A., & Harwood, H. F. (1937). The volcanic area of Bufumbira. Part 2. The petrology of the volcanic field of Bufumbria, south-west Uganda, and of other parts of the Birunga field. Geological Survey of Uganda, Memoir, 3 (Part 2).
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Woolley, A. R. (2001) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 3: Africa - Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. The Geological Society of London.p.46
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