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North Kivu, DR Congoi
Regional Level Types
North KivuProvince
DR CongoCountry

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PhotosMapsSearchMineralogy
08278650017729053394630.jpg
Scoria cone at Lake Kivu

Goma, North Kivu, DR Congo
05663060017728997805106.jpg
Map of the region of Lueshe by Leopold Van Wambeke

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
00174990017272017012186.jpg
Lava flow in the outskirts of Goma

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
09489290017272284472590.jpg
Scoria cone at Lake Kivu

Goma, North Kivu, DR Congo
05663060017728997805106.jpg
Map of the region of Lueshe by Leopold Van Wambeke

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
00174990017272017012186.jpg
Lava flow in the outskirts of Goma

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
09489290017272284472590.jpg
Scoria cone at Lake Kivu

Goma, North Kivu, DR Congo
03698180017728998572049.jpg
Map of the region of Lueshe by Leopold Van Wambeke

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
Neighbouring regions:
Maniema, DR Congo
Western Province, Rwanda
South Kivu, DR Congo
Northern Province, Rwanda
Ituri, DR Congo
Western Region, Uganda
Tshopo, DR Congo
Type:
Province
Largest Settlements:
PlacePopulation
Beni232,000 (2018)
Butembo154,621 (2013)
Goma144,124 (2012)
Sake17,151 (2012)
Margherita5,109 (2012)
Mindat Locality ID:
188713
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:188713:9
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Zaïre
Other Languages:
View 51 more...
French:
Nord-Kivu, République démocratique du Congo
German:
Nordkivu, Demokratische Republik Kongo
Italian:
Kivu Nord, Repubblica Democratica del Congo
Kongo:
Kivu ya Node, Repubilika ya Kôngo ya Dimokalasi
Lingala:
Kivu ya Nole, Kongó-Kinsásá
Russian:
Северное Киву, Демократическая Республика Конго
Simplified Chinese:
北基伍省, 刚果民主共和国
Spanish:
Kivu del Norte, República Democrática del Congo
Swahili:
Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo
Arabic:
كيفو الشمالية, جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية
Azeri:
Şimali Kivu, Konqo Demokratik Respublikası
Basque:
Ipar Kivu, Kongoko Errepublika Demokratikoa
Belarusian:
Паўночнае Ківу , Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка Конга
Belarusian (Tarashkevitsa):
Паўночнае Ківу, Дэмакратычная Рэспубліка Конга
Bengali:
উত্তর কিভু, গণতান্ত্রিক কঙ্গো প্রজাতন্ত্র
Breton:
Nord-Kivu, Republik Demokratel Kongo
Bulgarian:
Нор Киву, Демократична република Конго
Catalan:
Kivu Nord, República Democràtica del Congo
Cebuano:
Province du Nord-Kivu, Republikang Demokratiko sa Congo
Czech:
Severní Kivu, Demokratická republika Kongo
Danish:
North Kivu, Demokratiske Republik Congo
Dutch:
Noord-Kivu, Congo-Kinshasa
Esperanto:
Nord-Kivuo, Demokratia Respubliko Kongo
Estonian:
Põhja-Kivu, Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik
Farsi/Persian:
کیوو شمالی, جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو
Finnish:
Pohjois-Kivu, Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta
Georgian:
ჩრდილოეთი კივუს პროვინცია, კონგოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა
Greek:
Βόρειο Κίβου, Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κονγκό
Gujarati:
નોર્થ કિવુ
Hindi:
उत्तर कीवू प्रान्त, कांगो लोकतान्त्रिक गणराज्य
Hungarian:
Észak-Kivu tartomány, Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság
Indonesian:
Nord-Kivu, Republik Demokratik Kongo
Japanese:
北キヴ州, コンゴ民主共和国
Kannada:
ಉತ್ತರ ಕಿವು, ಕಾಂಗೋ ಪ್ರಜಾಸತ್ತಾತ್ಮಕ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ
Kinyarwanda:
Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo
Korean:
북키부주, 콩고 민주 공화국
Latvian:
Ziemeļu Kivu, Kongo Demokrātiskā Republika
Lithuanian:
Šiaurės Kivu, Kongo Demokratinė Respublika
Malay:
Nord-Kivu, Republik Demokratik Congo
Marathi:
उत्तर किव्वा, काँगोचे लोकशाही प्रजासत्ताक
Mingrelian:
ოორუე კივუშ პროვინცია, კონგოშ დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა
Northern Frisian:
Nord-Kivu, Demokraatisk Republiik Kongo
Norwegian:
Nord-Kivu, Den demokratiske republikken Kongo
Polish:
Kiwu Północne, Demokratyczna Republika Konga
Portuguese:
Nord-Kivu, República Democrática do Congo
Romanian:
Provincia Nord-Kivu, Republica Democrată Congo
Sinhalese:
උතුරු කිවූ, කොන්ගෝ ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී ජනරජය
Slovak:
Nord-Kivu, Konžská demokratická republika
Swedish:
Norra Kivu-provinsen, Kongo-Kinshasa
Tamil:
வடக்கு கிவு, காங்கோ மக்களாட்சிக் குடியரசு
Telugu:
ఉత్తర కివు
Thai:
นอร์-กีวู, สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก
Traditional Chinese:
北基伍省, 剛果民主共和國
Turkish:
Kuzey Kivu, Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti
Ukrainian:
Північне Ківу, Демократична Республіка Конго
Urdu:
شمالی کیوو, جمہوری جمہوریہ کانگو
Vietnamese:
Bắc Kivu, Cộng hòa Dân chủ Congo
Walloon:
Province do Kivou Bijhrece, Congo-Kinchassa
Waray:
Nord-Kivu, Republika Demokratika han Congo
Wu Chinese:
北基伍省, 刚果民主共和国


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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

131 valid minerals. 13 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals. 1 (FRL) - first recorded locality of unapproved mineral/variety/etc.

Rock Types Recorded


Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘ Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase
Formula: (Na,K)AlSi3O8
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Holmes, A., & Harwood, H. F. (1937). The volcanic area of Bufumbira. Part 2. The petrology of the volcanic field of Bufumbria, south-west Uganda, and of other parts of the Birunga field. Geological Survey of Uganda, Memoir, 3 (Part 2).
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Aoki, K., Ishiwaka, K., & Kanisawa, S. (1981). Fluorine geochemistry of basaltic rocks from continental and oceanic regions and petrogenetic application. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 76(1), 53-59. doi.org/10.1007/BF00373683
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Ueki, S. (1983). Recent volcanism of Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo. Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects, 7-18.
Aoki, K. I., & Kurasawa, H. (1984). Sr isotope study of the tephrite series from Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Geochemical Journal, 18(2), 95-100. doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.18.95
Aoki, K. I., Yoshida, T., Yusa, K., & Nakamura, Y. (1985). Petrology and geochemistry of the Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 25(1-2), 1-28. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90002-2
ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'
ⓘ 'Alkali pyroxene'
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5(T8O22)W2
ⓘ Anatase
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ 'Ancylite'
ⓘ Ancylite-(Ce)
Formula: CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
ⓘ Andalusite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘ Andradite
Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite
Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Andrémeyerite (TL)
Formula: BaFe2+2(Si2O7)
Type Locality:
Description: The mineral was identified from a single specimen in vesicles of melilite-leucite-nephelinite lava,…Associated minerals are nepheline, leucite, clinopyroxene, kirschsteinite, and melilite, along with a green glass (intimately associated. Crystals are less than 0.2 mm long,0.1 mm in diameter with {100} and {011> dominant. Color pale emerald-green
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Tazieff, H. 1975. Nyiragongo: the forbidden volcano. Cassell, London.
Sahama, G., & Meyer, A. (1958). Study of the volcano Niragongo. A progress Report, Exploration du parc National Albert, mission d’études volcanologiques, Fasc 2, 1-85.
SAHAMA, TH. G. (1960) Kalsilite in the lavas of Mt. Nyiragongo (Belgian Congo) Journal of Petrology, 1 (2) 146-171 doi:10.1093/petrology/1.2.146
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Denaeyer, M. E. (1972). LES LAVES DU FOSSE TECTONIQUE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (KIVU, RWANDA, TORO-ANKOLE). I. SUPPLEMENT AU RECUEIL D'ANALYSES DE 1965. II. MAGMATOLOGIE. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques, 72.
Sahama, Th.G., Siivola, J., Rehtijärvi, P. (1973) Andremeyerite, a new barium iron silicate, from Nyiragongo, Zaire. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 45 (1). 1-8 doi:10.17741/bgsf/45.1.001
SAHAMA, TH. G. (1973) Evolution of the Nyiragongo Magma. Journal of Petrology, 14 (1) 33-48 doi:10.1093/petrology/14.1.33
Sahama, T. G. (1978). The Nyiragongo main cone. Annales, Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. Serie In 8º, Sciences Geologiques 81.
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Vollmer, R., & Norry, M. J. (1983). Possible origin of K-rich volcanic rocks from Virunga, East Africa, by metasomatism of continental crustal material: Pb, Nd and Sr isotopic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(3), 374-386. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90097-3
Tazieff, H. (1984). Mt. Niragongo: renewed activity of the lava lake. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20(3-4), 267-280. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(84)90043-X
GEE, L. L., SACK, R. O. (1988) Experimental Petrology of Melilite Nephelinites. Journal of Petrology, 29 (6) 1233-1255 doi:10.1093/petrology/29.6.1233
Demant, A., Lestrade, P., Lubala, R. T., Kampunzu, A. B., & Durieux, J. (1994). Volcanological and petrological evolution of Nyiragongo volcano, Virunga volcanic field, Zaire. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(1), 47-61. doi.org/10.1007/BF00279728
Andersen, Tom, Elburg, Marlina A., Erambert, Muriel (2014) Extreme peralkalinity in delhayelite- and andremeyerite-bearing nephelinite from Nyiragongo volcano, East African Rift. Lithos, 206. 164-178 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.07.025
ⓘ Anglesite
Formula: PbSO4
ⓘ Anhydrite
Formula: CaSO4
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
References:
Denaeyer, M. E. (1958) Les syénites feldspathoïdiques du Kivu et leur rôle dans la genèse des laves des Virunga. Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie de Paléontologie & d'Hydrologie, 67. 459-488
Denaeyer, M. E. (1959). Les syénites métasomatiques du massif de Kirumba: Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences Coloniales. Classe Sci. Tech. NS, 9(2).
Cahen, L., & Snelling, N. J. (1966). The geochronology of equatorial Africa. North-Holland Publishing Company.
Denaeyer, M. E. (1966). Sur la présence d'une carbonatite ankéritique (rauhaugite) en bordure du complexe alcalin de Kirumba (Kivu). Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, 263(1), 9-12.
Denayer, M. E. (1970). Rapports isotopiques O e C et condition d'affleurement dês carbonatites de 1'Affrique Central. Compt. Rend. D, 270, 2155-2158.
Kampunzu, A.B., Kramers, J.D., Makutu, M.N. (1998) Rb-Sr whole rock ages of the Lueshe, Kirumba and Numbi igneous complexes (Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo) and the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 26 (1). 29-36 doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00134-6
ⓘ Anorthite
Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite
Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
ⓘ Aphthitalite
Formula: K3Na(SO4)2
ⓘ Åkermanite
Formula: Ca2Mg[Si2O7]
ⓘ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
References:
Combe, A. D., & Simmons, W. C. (1933). The volcanic area of Bufumbira: The geology of the volcanic area of Bufumbira, south-west Uganda: Geol. Survey Uganda Mem. Ill, pt. I, 1-143.
Holmes, A., & Harwood, H. F. (1937). The volcanic area of Bufumbira. Part 2. The petrology of the volcanic field of Bufumbria, south-west Uganda, and of other parts of the Birunga field. Geological Survey of Uganda, Memoir, 3 (Part 2).
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Guibert, P., Delaloye, M., & Hunziker, J. (1975). Contribution à l’étude géologique du volcan Mikeno, chaîne des Virunga (République du Zaïre). CR Scé. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat., Genève, ns, 10(1), 57-66.
ⓘ Baddeleyite
Formula: ZrO2
ⓘ Baotite
Formula: Ba4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
ⓘ 'Biotite var. Titanium-bearing Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Holmes, A., & Harwood, H. F. (1937). The volcanic area of Bufumbira. Part 2. The petrology of the volcanic field of Bufumbria, south-west Uganda, and of other parts of the Birunga field. Geological Survey of Uganda, Memoir, 3 (Part 2).
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Aoki, K., Ishiwaka, K., & Kanisawa, S. (1981). Fluorine geochemistry of basaltic rocks from continental and oceanic regions and petrogenetic application. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 76(1), 53-59. doi.org/10.1007/BF00373683
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Ueki, S. (1983). Recent volcanism of Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo. Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects, 7-18.
Aoki, K. I., & Kurasawa, H. (1984). Sr isotope study of the tephrite series from Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Geochemical Journal, 18(2), 95-100. doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.18.95
Aoki, K. I., Yoshida, T., Yusa, K., & Nakamura, Y. (1985). Petrology and geochemistry of the Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 25(1-2), 1-28. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90002-2
ⓘ Bismutite
Formula: (BiO)2CO3
ⓘ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'
Formula: AnCa2(C2+5-mC3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))W2
ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende'
Formula: AnCa2(Z2+5-mZ3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ Cancrinite
Formula: (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘ Cassiterite
Formula: SnO2
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
ⓘ Cassiterite var. Wood Tin
Formula: SnO2
ⓘ Celestine
Formula: SrSO4
ⓘ 'Cerite'
References:
Denaeyer, M. E. (1958) Les syénites feldspathoïdiques du Kivu et leur rôle dans la genèse des laves des Virunga. Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie de Paléontologie & d'Hydrologie, 67. 459-488
Denaeyer, M. E. (1959). Les syénites métasomatiques du massif de Kirumba: Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences Coloniales. Classe Sci. Tech. NS, 9(2).
Cahen, L., & Snelling, N. J. (1966). The geochronology of equatorial Africa. North-Holland Publishing Company.
Denaeyer, M. E. (1966). Sur la présence d'une carbonatite ankéritique (rauhaugite) en bordure du complexe alcalin de Kirumba (Kivu). Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, 263(1), 9-12.
Denayer, M. E. (1970). Rapports isotopiques O e C et condition d'affleurement dês carbonatites de 1'Affrique Central. Compt. Rend. D, 270, 2155-2158.
Kampunzu, A.B., Kramers, J.D., Makutu, M.N. (1998) Rb-Sr whole rock ages of the Lueshe, Kirumba and Numbi igneous complexes (Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo) and the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 26 (1). 29-36 doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00134-6
ⓘ Cesplumtantite
Formula: (Cs,Na)2(Pb,Sb3+)3Ta8O24
ⓘ Chalcanthite
Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O
ⓘ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ 'Chevkinite Group'
References:
Denaeyer, M. E. (1958) Les syénites feldspathoïdiques du Kivu et leur rôle dans la genèse des laves des Virunga. Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie de Paléontologie & d'Hydrologie, 67. 459-488
Denaeyer, M. E. (1959). Les syénites métasomatiques du massif de Kirumba: Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences Coloniales. Classe Sci. Tech. NS, 9(2).
Cahen, L., & Snelling, N. J. (1966). The geochronology of equatorial Africa. North-Holland Publishing Company.
Denaeyer, M. E. (1966). Sur la présence d'une carbonatite ankéritique (rauhaugite) en bordure du complexe alcalin de Kirumba (Kivu). Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, 263(1), 9-12.
Denayer, M. E. (1970). Rapports isotopiques O e C et condition d'affleurement dês carbonatites de 1'Affrique Central. Compt. Rend. D, 270, 2155-2158.
Kampunzu, A.B., Kramers, J.D., Makutu, M.N. (1998) Rb-Sr whole rock ages of the Lueshe, Kirumba and Numbi igneous complexes (Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo) and the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 26 (1). 29-36 doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00134-6
ⓘ Chlorbartonite ?
Formula: K6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ 'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Holmes, A., & Harwood, H. F. (1937). The volcanic area of Bufumbira. Part 2. The petrology of the volcanic field of Bufumbria, south-west Uganda, and of other parts of the Birunga field. Geological Survey of Uganda, Memoir, 3 (Part 2).
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Aoki, K., Ishiwaka, K., & Kanisawa, S. (1981). Fluorine geochemistry of basaltic rocks from continental and oceanic regions and petrogenetic application. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 76(1), 53-59. doi.org/10.1007/BF00373683
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Ueki, S. (1983). Recent volcanism of Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo. Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects, 7-18.
Aoki, K. I., & Kurasawa, H. (1984). Sr isotope study of the tephrite series from Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Geochemical Journal, 18(2), 95-100. doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.18.95
Aoki, K. I., Yoshida, T., Yusa, K., & Nakamura, Y. (1985). Petrology and geochemistry of the Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 25(1-2), 1-28. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90002-2
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)
Formula: Fe2+Nb2O6
ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'
ⓘ Columbite-(Mn)
Formula: Mn2+Nb2O6
ⓘ 'Columbite-Tantalite'
ⓘ Combeite (TL)
Formula: Na4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
ⓘ Cordierite
Formula: Mg2Al4Si5O18
ⓘ Crandallite
Formula: CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
ⓘ Cuspidine
Formula: Ca8(Si2O7)2F4
ⓘ Davidite-(La)
Formula: La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38
ⓘ Delhayelite (TL)
Formula: (Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside
Formula: Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Holmes, A., & Harwood, H. F. (1937). The volcanic area of Bufumbira. Part 2. The petrology of the volcanic field of Bufumbria, south-west Uganda, and of other parts of the Birunga field. Geological Survey of Uganda, Memoir, 3 (Part 2).
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Aoki, K., Ishiwaka, K., & Kanisawa, S. (1981). Fluorine geochemistry of basaltic rocks from continental and oceanic regions and petrogenetic application. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 76(1), 53-59. doi.org/10.1007/BF00373683
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Ueki, S. (1983). Recent volcanism of Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo. Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects, 7-18.
Aoki, K. I., & Kurasawa, H. (1984). Sr isotope study of the tephrite series from Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Geochemical Journal, 18(2), 95-100. doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.18.95
Aoki, K. I., Yoshida, T., Yusa, K., & Nakamura, Y. (1985). Petrology and geochemistry of the Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 25(1-2), 1-28. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90002-2
ⓘ Diopside var. Salite
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
References:
Richard, J.J. & Padang, M.N. 1957. Active volcanoes of the world. Part 4 Africa and the Red Sea. International Volcanological Association, Napoli, Italy.
Holmes, A., & Harwood, H. F. (1937). The volcanic area of Bufumbira. Part 2. The petrology of the volcanic field of Bufumbria, south-west Uganda, and of other parts of the Birunga field. Geological Survey of Uganda, Memoir, 3 (Part 2).
Denaeyer, M. E., Schellinck, F., & Coppez, A. (1965). Recueil d'analyses des laves du fossé tectonique de l'Afrique centrale. Annales. Musée Roy. Afrique Centrale. Belgique, Ann. Ser. 8, Sci. Geol., 49, 1-234.
Thonnard, R. L. G., & Denaeyer, M. E. (1965). Carte volcanologique des Virunga, Feuille No. 1. 1:50000 and Introduction generale et Notice Explicative de la Feuille No. 1. Centre National de Volcanologie (Belgique), Bruxelles.
Bell, K., & Powell, J. L. (1969). Strontium isotopic studies of alkalic rocks: the potassium-rich lavas of the Birunga and Toro—Ankole Regions, East and Central Equatorial Africa. Journal of Petrology, 10(3), 536-572. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/10.3.536
Aoki, K., Ishiwaka, K., & Kanisawa, S. (1981). Fluorine geochemistry of basaltic rocks from continental and oceanic regions and petrogenetic application. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 76(1), 53-59. doi.org/10.1007/BF00373683
Hamaguchi, H. (1983). Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects. Tohoku Univ.
Ueki, S. (1983). Recent volcanism of Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo. Volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: geophysical aspects, 7-18.
Aoki, K. I., & Kurasawa, H. (1984). Sr isotope study of the tephrite series from Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Geochemical Journal, 18(2), 95-100. doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.18.95
Aoki, K. I., Yoshida, T., Yusa, K., & Nakamura, Y. (1985). Petrology and geochemistry of the Nyamuragira volcano, Zaire. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 25(1-2), 1-28. doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90002-2
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite
Formula: Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
ⓘ Dravite
Formula: NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘ Eckermannite
Formula: NaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
References:
doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(89)90077-8
doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.402.03
Safiannikoff, A. 1959. Un nouveau mineral de niobium. Bulletin des Seances. Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer. Bruxelles, 5, 1251-1255.
Safiannikoff, A. 1966. Gisement de pyrochlore de Lueshe. Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique, 90 (4), B461-486.
Pineau, F. & Javoy, M. 1969. Determination des rapports isotopiques O/O et C/C dans diverses carbonatites, implications genetiques. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences. Paris, 269D, 1930-1933.
Meyer, A., & De Béthune, P. (1958). La carbonatite Lueshe (Kivu): étude géologique. Service Géologique, Congo Belge, 8 (5), 1-19 and 1-12.
Brasseur, H., Herman, P., & Hubaux, A. (1961). Apatites de l'est du Congo et du Ruanda. Bulletin-Société géologique de Belgique, 85(2), B61-B85.
Verhaeghe, M. (1963). Inventaire des gisements de calcaires, dolomies et travertins du Kivu, du Rwanda et du Burundi. Service géologique, Mémoire, (3).
Denayer, M. E. (1970). Rapports isotopiques O e C et condition d'affleurement dês carbonatites de 1'Affrique Central. Compt. Rend. D, 270, 2155-2158.
Bellon, H., Pouclet, A. (1980) Datations K-Ar de quelques laves du Rift-ouest de l'Afrique Centrale; implications sur l'évolution magmatique et structurale. Geologische Rundschau, 69 (1) 49-62 doi:10.1007/bf01869023
Maravic, H.v., Morteani, G. (1980) Petrology and geochemistry of the carbonatite and syenite complex of Lueshe (N.E. Zaire) Lithos, 13 (2) 159-170 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(80)90017-1
van Overbeke, A. C. (1996). Le complexe à carbonatite et syénite de la Lueshe (N-Kivu, Zaïre): pétrogenèse des roches ignées et caractérisation géochimique des processus métasomatiques (fénitisation) (Doctoral dissertation, UCL-Université Catholique de Louvain).
Kampunzu, A.B., Kramers, J.D., Makutu, M.N. (1998) Rb-Sr whole rock ages of the Lueshe, Kirumba and Numbi igneous complexes (Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo) and the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 26 (1). 29-36 doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00134-6
✪ Elbaite
Formula: Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘ Elpasolite
Formula: K2NaAlF6
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ Eudialyte
Formula: Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
ⓘ Fayalite
Formula: Fe2+2(SiO4)
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'
ⓘ Fersmite
Formula: CaNb2O6
ⓘ 'Florencite'
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
ⓘ Forsterite
Formula: Mg2(SiO4)
ⓘ Fresnoite
Formula: Ba2Ti(Si2O7)O
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ 'Glass'
Description: Green glass.
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Gorceixite
Formula: BaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
ⓘ Götzenite (TL)
Formula: NaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Halite
Formula: NaCl
ⓘ Hedenbergite
Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Hieratite
Formula: K2[SiF6]
ⓘ Hongshiite
Formula: PtCu
ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(C2+4C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
ⓘ Hydrocerussite
Formula: Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘ Hydropyrochlore (TL)
Formula: (H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
Type Locality:
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ 'Iron-Platinum alloy'
Formula: (Pt,Fe)
ⓘ Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ Kalsilite
Formula: KAlSiO4
ⓘ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ Kirschsteinite (TL)
Formula: CaFe2+(SiO4)
ⓘ Kitagohaite (TL)
Formula: Pt7Cu
ⓘ Kyanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
References:
doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(89)90077-8
doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.402.03
Safiannikoff, A. 1959. Un nouveau mineral de niobium. Bulletin des Seances. Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer. Bruxelles, 5, 1251-1255.
Pineau, F. & Javoy, M. 1969. Determination des rapports isotopiques O/O et C/C dans diverses carbonatites, implications genetiques. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences. Paris, 269D, 1930-1933.
Safiannikoff, A. 1966. Gisement de pyrochlore de Lueshe. Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique, 90 (4), B461-486.
Meyer, A., & De Béthune, P. (1958). La carbonatite Lueshe (Kivu): étude géologique. Service Géologique, Congo Belge, 8 (5), 1-19 and 1-12.
Brasseur, H., Herman, P., & Hubaux, A. (1961). Apatites de l'est du Congo et du Ruanda. Bulletin-Société géologique de Belgique, 85(2), B61-B85.
Verhaeghe, M. (1963). Inventaire des gisements de calcaires, dolomies et travertins du Kivu, du Rwanda et du Burundi. Service géologique, Mémoire, (3).
Denayer, M. E. (1970). Rapports isotopiques O e C et condition d'affleurement dês carbonatites de 1'Affrique Central. Compt. Rend. D, 270, 2155-2158.
Bellon, H., Pouclet, A. (1980) Datations K-Ar de quelques laves du Rift-ouest de l'Afrique Centrale; implications sur l'évolution magmatique et structurale. Geologische Rundschau, 69 (1) 49-62 doi:10.1007/bf01869023
Maravic, H.v., Morteani, G. (1980) Petrology and geochemistry of the carbonatite and syenite complex of Lueshe (N.E. Zaire) Lithos, 13 (2) 159-170 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(80)90017-1
Maravic, H.v., Morteani, G., Roethe, G. (1989) The cancrinite-syenite/carbonatite complex of Lueshe, Kivu/NE-Zaire: petrographic and geochemical studies and its economic significance. Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East), 9 (2) 341-355 doi:10.1016/0899-5362(89)90077-8
van Overbeke, A. C. (1996). Le complexe à carbonatite et syénite de la Lueshe (N-Kivu, Zaïre): pétrogenèse des roches ignées et caractérisation géochimique des processus métasomatiques (fénitisation) (Doctoral dissertation, UCL-Université Catholique de Louvain).
Kampunzu, A.B., Kramers, J.D., Makutu, M.N. (1998) Rb-Sr whole rock ages of the Lueshe, Kirumba and Numbi igneous complexes (Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo) and the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 26 (1). 29-36 doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00134-6
ⓘ Låvenite
Formula: Na2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
References:
Denaeyer, M. E. (1958) Les syénites feldspathoïdiques du Kivu et leur rôle dans la genèse des laves des Virunga. Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie de Paléontologie & d'Hydrologie, 67. 459-488
Denaeyer, M. E. (1959). Les syénites métasomatiques du massif de Kirumba: Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences Coloniales. Classe Sci. Tech. NS, 9(2).
Cahen, L., & Snelling, N. J. (1966). The geochronology of equatorial Africa. North-Holland Publishing Company.
Denaeyer, M. E. (1966). Sur la présence d'une carbonatite ankéritique (rauhaugite) en bordure du complexe alcalin de Kirumba (Kivu). Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, 263(1), 9-12.
Denayer, M. E. (1970). Rapports isotopiques O e C et condition d'affleurement dês carbonatites de 1'Affrique Central. Compt. Rend. D, 270, 2155-2158.
Kampunzu, A.B., Kramers, J.D., Makutu, M.N. (1998) Rb-Sr whole rock ages of the Lueshe, Kirumba and Numbi igneous complexes (Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo) and the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 26 (1). 29-36 doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00134-6
ⓘ 'Lepidolite'
ⓘ Leucite
Formula: K(AlSi2O6)
ⓘ Lithiowodginite
Formula: LiTa3O8
ⓘ Luberoite (TL)
Formula: Pt5Se4
Description: Alluvial deposits of the Lubero river.
ⓘ Lueshite (TL)
Formula: NaNbO3
Type Locality:
References:
doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(89)90077-8
doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.402.03
Safiannikoff, A. 1959. Un nouveau mineral de niobium. Bulletin des Seances. Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer. Bruxelles, 5, 1251-1255.
Safiannikoff, A. 1966. Gisement de pyrochlore de Lueshe. Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique, 90 (4), B461-486.
Pineau, F. & Javoy, M. 1969. Determination des rapports isotopiques O/O et C/C dans diverses carbonatites, implications genetiques. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences. Paris, 269D, 1930-1933.
Meyer, A., & De Béthune, P. (1958). La carbonatite Lueshe (Kivu): étude géologique. Service Géologique, Congo Belge, 8 (5), 1-19 and 1-12.
Acad. Roy. Sci.Outre-Mer, Brussels, (1959) 5, 1251-1255
Brasseur, H., Herman, P., & Hubaux, A. (1961). Apatites de l'est du Congo et du Ruanda. Bulletin-Société géologique de Belgique, 85(2), B61-B85.
Verhaeghe, M. (1963). Inventaire des gisements de calcaires, dolomies et travertins du Kivu, du Rwanda et du Burundi. Service géologique, Mémoire, (3).
Denayer, M. E. (1970). Rapports isotopiques O e C et condition d'affleurement dês carbonatites de 1'Affrique Central. Compt. Rend. D, 270, 2155-2158.
Bellon, H., Pouclet, A. (1980) Datations K-Ar de quelques laves du Rift-ouest de l'Afrique Centrale; implications sur l'évolution magmatique et structurale. Geologische Rundschau, 69 (1) 49-62 doi:10.1007/bf01869023
Maravic, H.v., Morteani, G. (1980) Petrology and geochemistry of the carbonatite and syenite complex of Lueshe (N.E. Zaire) Lithos, 13 (2) 159-170 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(80)90017-1
van Overbeke, A. C. (1996). Le complexe à carbonatite et syénite de la Lueshe (N-Kivu, Zaïre): pétrogenèse des roches ignées et caractérisation géochimique des processus métasomatiques (fénitisation) (Doctoral dissertation, UCL-Université Catholique de Louvain).
Kampunzu, A.B., Kramers, J.D., Makutu, M.N. (1998) Rb-Sr whole rock ages of the Lueshe, Kirumba and Numbi igneous complexes (Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo) and the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 26 (1). 29-36 doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00134-6
ⓘ Magnesite
Formula: MgCO3
References:
doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(89)90077-8
doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.402.03
Safiannikoff, A. 1959. Un nouveau mineral de niobium. Bulletin des Seances. Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer. Bruxelles, 5, 1251-1255.
Safiannikoff, A. 1966. Gisement de pyrochlore de Lueshe. Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique, 90 (4), B461-486.
Pineau, F. & Javoy, M. 1969. Determination des rapports isotopiques O/O et C/C dans diverses carbonatites, implications genetiques. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences. Paris, 269D, 1930-1933.
Meyer, A., & De Béthune, P. (1958). La carbonatite Lueshe (Kivu): étude géologique. Service Géologique, Congo Belge, 8 (5), 1-19 and 1-12.
Brasseur, H., Herman, P., & Hubaux, A. (1961). Apatites de l'est du Congo et du Ruanda. Bulletin-Société géologique de Belgique, 85(2), B61-B85.
Verhaeghe, M. (1963). Inventaire des gisements de calcaires, dolomies et travertins du Kivu, du Rwanda et du Burundi. Service géologique, Mémoire, (3).
Denayer, M. E. (1970). Rapports isotopiques O e C et condition d'affleurement dês carbonatites de 1'Affrique Central. Compt. Rend. D, 270, 2155-2158.
Bellon, H., Pouclet, A. (1980) Datations K-Ar de quelques laves du Rift-ouest de l'Afrique Centrale; implications sur l'évolution magmatique et structurale. Geologische Rundschau, 69 (1) 49-62 doi:10.1007/bf01869023
Maravic, H.v., Morteani, G. (1980) Petrology and geochemistry of the carbonatite and syenite complex of Lueshe (N.E. Zaire) Lithos, 13 (2) 159-170 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(80)90017-1
van Overbeke, A. C. (1996). Le complexe à carbonatite et syénite de la Lueshe (N-Kivu, Zaïre): pétrogenèse des roches ignées et caractérisation géochimique des processus métasomatiques (fénitisation) (Doctoral dissertation, UCL-Université Catholique de Louvain).
Kampunzu, A.B., Kramers, J.D., Makutu, M.N. (1998) Rb-Sr whole rock ages of the Lueshe, Kirumba and Numbi igneous complexes (Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo) and the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 26 (1). 29-36 doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00134-6
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘ Mascagnite
Formula: (NH4)2SO4
Description: Occurs around active volcanic fumaroles.
ⓘ 'Melilite Group'
Formula: Ca2M(XSiO7)
ⓘ 'Mica Group'
ⓘ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ 'Microlite Group'
Formula: A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n
ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(PO4)
ⓘ 'Monazite Group'
Formula: REE(PO4)
ⓘ Monazite-(Nd)
Formula: Nd(PO4)
ⓘ Montmorillonite
Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Nacrite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘ Native Bismuth
Formula: Bi
ⓘ Native Gold
Formula: Au
ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum
Formula: (Au,Ag)
ⓘ Native Platinum
Formula: Pt
ⓘ Native Sulphur
Formula: S8
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
ⓘ Orthocuproplatinum (TL)
Formula: Pt3Cu
Type Locality:
ⓘ 'Parisite'
Formula: Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
ⓘ Parisite-(Ce)
Formula: CaCe2(CO3)3F2
ⓘ Pectolite
Formula: NaCa2Si3O8(OH)
ⓘ Perovskite
Formula: CaTiO3
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ 'Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)' (FRL)
Type Locality:
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group var. Zero valent dominant member of Pyrochlore Group'
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
ⓘ Rankamaite (TL)
Formula: (Na,K)3(Ta,Nb,Al)11(O,OH)31
Type Locality:
ⓘ 'Rhabdophane'
ⓘ Riebeckite
Formula: ◻Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile
Formula: (Ti,Nb)O2
ⓘ Sanidine
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Sillimanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘ Simpsonite
Formula: Al4Ta3O13(OH)
ⓘ Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
ⓘ 'Sodic amphibole'
ⓘ 'Sodic plagioclase'
References:
doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(89)90077-8
doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.402.03
Safiannikoff, A. 1959. Un nouveau mineral de niobium. Bulletin des Seances. Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer. Bruxelles, 5, 1251-1255.
Safiannikoff, A. 1966. Gisement de pyrochlore de Lueshe. Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique, 90 (4), B461-486.
Pineau, F. & Javoy, M. 1969. Determination des rapports isotopiques O/O et C/C dans diverses carbonatites, implications genetiques. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences. Paris, 269D, 1930-1933.
Meyer, A., & De Béthune, P. (1958). La carbonatite Lueshe (Kivu): étude géologique. Service Géologique, Congo Belge, 8 (5), 1-19 and 1-12.
Brasseur, H., Herman, P., & Hubaux, A. (1961). Apatites de l'est du Congo et du Ruanda. Bulletin-Société géologique de Belgique, 85(2), B61-B85.
Verhaeghe, M. (1963). Inventaire des gisements de calcaires, dolomies et travertins du Kivu, du Rwanda et du Burundi. Service géologique, Mémoire, (3).
Denayer, M. E. (1970). Rapports isotopiques O e C et condition d'affleurement dês carbonatites de 1'Affrique Central. Compt. Rend. D, 270, 2155-2158.
Bellon, H., Pouclet, A. (1980) Datations K-Ar de quelques laves du Rift-ouest de l'Afrique Centrale; implications sur l'évolution magmatique et structurale. Geologische Rundschau, 69 (1) 49-62 doi:10.1007/bf01869023
Maravic, H.v., Morteani, G. (1980) Petrology and geochemistry of the carbonatite and syenite complex of Lueshe (N.E. Zaire) Lithos, 13 (2) 159-170 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(80)90017-1
van Overbeke, A. C. (1996). Le complexe à carbonatite et syénite de la Lueshe (N-Kivu, Zaïre): pétrogenèse des roches ignées et caractérisation géochimique des processus métasomatiques (fénitisation) (Doctoral dissertation, UCL-Université Catholique de Louvain).
Kampunzu, A.B., Kramers, J.D., Makutu, M.N. (1998) Rb-Sr whole rock ages of the Lueshe, Kirumba and Numbi igneous complexes (Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo) and the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 26 (1). 29-36 doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00134-6
ⓘ Sperrylite
Formula: PtAs2
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Spinel
Formula: MgAl2O4
ⓘ Staurolite
Formula: Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)
ⓘ Strontianite
Formula: SrCO3
ⓘ Sylvite
Formula: KCl
ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)
Formula: CaCe(CO3)2F
ⓘ 'Synchysite Group'
ⓘ Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)
Formula: Mn2+Ta2O6
ⓘ 'Tapiolite'
Formula: (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite
Formula: KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
ⓘ Thénardite
Formula: Na2SO4
ⓘ Thorianite
Formula: ThO2
ⓘ Thorite
Formula: Th(SiO4)
References:
Denaeyer, M. E. (1958) Les syénites feldspathoïdiques du Kivu et leur rôle dans la genèse des laves des Virunga. Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie de Paléontologie & d'Hydrologie, 67. 459-488
Denaeyer, M. E. (1959). Les syénites métasomatiques du massif de Kirumba: Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences Coloniales. Classe Sci. Tech. NS, 9(2).
Cahen, L., & Snelling, N. J. (1966). The geochronology of equatorial Africa. North-Holland Publishing Company.
Denaeyer, M. E. (1966). Sur la présence d'une carbonatite ankéritique (rauhaugite) en bordure du complexe alcalin de Kirumba (Kivu). Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, 263(1), 9-12.
Denayer, M. E. (1970). Rapports isotopiques O e C et condition d'affleurement dês carbonatites de 1'Affrique Central. Compt. Rend. D, 270, 2155-2158.
Kampunzu, A.B., Kramers, J.D., Makutu, M.N. (1998) Rb-Sr whole rock ages of the Lueshe, Kirumba and Numbi igneous complexes (Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo) and the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 26 (1). 29-36 doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00134-6
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTiO(SiO4)
ⓘ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Trikalsilite (TL)
Formula: K2NaAl3(SiO4)3
Type Locality:
ⓘ Troilite
Formula: FeS
ⓘ Tschermigite
Formula: (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
ⓘ 'UM1975-16-SO:HKZn'
Formula: K2Zn(SO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘ Umbrianite
Formula: K7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
ⓘ 'Unnamed (Pt-Cu Alloy)'
Formula: Pt3Cu
ⓘ Variscite
Formula: AlPO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Vermiculite
Formula: Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
References:
doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(89)90077-8
doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.402.03
Safiannikoff, A. 1959. Un nouveau mineral de niobium. Bulletin des Seances. Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer. Bruxelles, 5, 1251-1255.
Safiannikoff, A. 1966. Gisement de pyrochlore de Lueshe. Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique, 90 (4), B461-486.
Pineau, F. & Javoy, M. 1969. Determination des rapports isotopiques O/O et C/C dans diverses carbonatites, implications genetiques. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences. Paris, 269D, 1930-1933.
Meyer, A., & De Béthune, P. (1958). La carbonatite Lueshe (Kivu): étude géologique. Service Géologique, Congo Belge, 8 (5), 1-19 and 1-12.
Brasseur, H., Herman, P., & Hubaux, A. (1961). Apatites de l'est du Congo et du Ruanda. Bulletin-Société géologique de Belgique, 85(2), B61-B85.
Verhaeghe, M. (1963). Inventaire des gisements de calcaires, dolomies et travertins du Kivu, du Rwanda et du Burundi. Service géologique, Mémoire, (3).
Denayer, M. E. (1970). Rapports isotopiques O e C et condition d'affleurement dês carbonatites de 1'Affrique Central. Compt. Rend. D, 270, 2155-2158.
Bellon, H., Pouclet, A. (1980) Datations K-Ar de quelques laves du Rift-ouest de l'Afrique Centrale; implications sur l'évolution magmatique et structurale. Geologische Rundschau, 69 (1) 49-62 doi:10.1007/bf01869023
Maravic, H.v., Morteani, G. (1980) Petrology and geochemistry of the carbonatite and syenite complex of Lueshe (N.E. Zaire) Lithos, 13 (2) 159-170 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(80)90017-1
van Overbeke, A. C. (1996). Le complexe à carbonatite et syénite de la Lueshe (N-Kivu, Zaïre): pétrogenèse des roches ignées et caractérisation géochimique des processus métasomatiques (fénitisation) (Doctoral dissertation, UCL-Université Catholique de Louvain).
Kampunzu, A.B., Kramers, J.D., Makutu, M.N. (1998) Rb-Sr whole rock ages of the Lueshe, Kirumba and Numbi igneous complexes (Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo) and the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 26 (1). 29-36 doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00134-6
Berger, Vladimir I.; Singer, Donald A.; Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models . Open-File Report 2009-1139. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr20091139
ⓘ Vishnevite
Formula: (Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
References:
doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(89)90077-8
doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.402.03
Safiannikoff, A. 1959. Un nouveau mineral de niobium. Bulletin des Seances. Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer. Bruxelles, 5, 1251-1255.
Safiannikoff, A. 1966. Gisement de pyrochlore de Lueshe. Annales de la Societe Geologique de Belgique, 90 (4), B461-486.
Pineau, F. & Javoy, M. 1969. Determination des rapports isotopiques O/O et C/C dans diverses carbonatites, implications genetiques. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences. Paris, 269D, 1930-1933.
Meyer, A., & De Béthune, P. (1958). La carbonatite Lueshe (Kivu): étude géologique. Service Géologique, Congo Belge, 8 (5), 1-19 and 1-12.
Brasseur, H., Herman, P., & Hubaux, A. (1961). Apatites de l'est du Congo et du Ruanda. Bulletin-Société géologique de Belgique, 85(2), B61-B85.
Verhaeghe, M. (1963). Inventaire des gisements de calcaires, dolomies et travertins du Kivu, du Rwanda et du Burundi. Service géologique, Mémoire, (3).
Denayer, M. E. (1970). Rapports isotopiques O e C et condition d'affleurement dês carbonatites de 1'Affrique Central. Compt. Rend. D, 270, 2155-2158.
Bellon, H., Pouclet, A. (1980) Datations K-Ar de quelques laves du Rift-ouest de l'Afrique Centrale; implications sur l'évolution magmatique et structurale. Geologische Rundschau, 69 (1) 49-62 doi:10.1007/bf01869023
Maravic, H.v., Morteani, G. (1980) Petrology and geochemistry of the carbonatite and syenite complex of Lueshe (N.E. Zaire) Lithos, 13 (2) 159-170 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(80)90017-1
van Overbeke, A. C. (1996). Le complexe à carbonatite et syénite de la Lueshe (N-Kivu, Zaïre): pétrogenèse des roches ignées et caractérisation géochimique des processus métasomatiques (fénitisation) (Doctoral dissertation, UCL-Université Catholique de Louvain).
Kampunzu, A.B., Kramers, J.D., Makutu, M.N. (1998) Rb-Sr whole rock ages of the Lueshe, Kirumba and Numbi igneous complexes (Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo) and the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 26 (1). 29-36 doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00134-6
ⓘ 'Wad'
ⓘ Wavellite
Formula: Al3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O
ⓘ 'Wolframite Group'
ⓘ Wollastonite
Formula: Ca3(Si3O9)
ⓘ 'Xenotime'
ⓘ Ximengite
Formula: Bi(PO4)
ⓘ Zaïrite (TL)
Formula: BiFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)6
Type Locality:
Description: The mineral occurs in small masses, associated with mica and another bismuth phosphate, apparently new, in the zone of weathering of quartz veins containing wolframite.
ⓘ 'Zeolite Group'
References:
Denaeyer, M. E. (1958) Les syénites feldspathoïdiques du Kivu et leur rôle dans la genèse des laves des Virunga. Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie de Paléontologie & d'Hydrologie, 67. 459-488
Denaeyer, M. E. (1959). Les syénites métasomatiques du massif de Kirumba: Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences Coloniales. Classe Sci. Tech. NS, 9(2).
Cahen, L., & Snelling, N. J. (1966). The geochronology of equatorial Africa. North-Holland Publishing Company.
Denaeyer, M. E. (1966). Sur la présence d'une carbonatite ankéritique (rauhaugite) en bordure du complexe alcalin de Kirumba (Kivu). Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, 263(1), 9-12.
Denayer, M. E. (1970). Rapports isotopiques O e C et condition d'affleurement dês carbonatites de 1'Affrique Central. Compt. Rend. D, 270, 2155-2158.
Kampunzu, A.B., Kramers, J.D., Makutu, M.N. (1998) Rb-Sr whole rock ages of the Lueshe, Kirumba and Numbi igneous complexes (Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo) and the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 26 (1). 29-36 doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00134-6
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.

Gallery:

Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)ⓘ Elbaite
trans.png
Elbaite

Rubaya, Bahunde, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Elbaite

Rubaya, Bahunde, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Elbaite

Goma, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Elbaite

Rubaya, Bahunde, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Elbaite

Rubaya, Bahunde, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Elbaite

Goma, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Elbaite

Rubaya, Bahunde, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Elbaite

Rubaya, Bahunde, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)ⓘ Hydropyrochlore (TL)
trans.png
Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
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Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Hydropyrochlore

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
NaNbO3ⓘ Lueshite (TL)
trans.png
Lueshite

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Lueshite

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Lueshite

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Lueshite

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Lueshite

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Lueshite

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Lueshite

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Lueshite

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
Fe2+Fe3+2O4ⓘ Magnetite
trans.png
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Magnetite

Nyiragongo Volcano, Nyiragongo Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
ⓘ 'Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)' (FRL)
trans.png
Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)

Mumba cassiterite gravels, Mumba, Osso, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)

Mumba cassiterite gravels, Mumba, Osso, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)

Mumba cassiterite gravels, Mumba, Osso, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
A2Nb2(O,OH)6Zⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'
trans.png
Pyrochlore Group

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Pyrochlore Group

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Pyrochlore Group

Lueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
(Na,K)3(Ta,Nb,Al)11(O,OH)31ⓘ Rankamaite (TL)
trans.png
Rankamaite

Mumba cassiterite gravels, Mumba, Osso, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Rankamaite, etc.

Mumba cassiterite gravels, Mumba, Osso, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Rankamaite

Mumba cassiterite gravels, Mumba, Osso, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Rankamaite

Mumba cassiterite gravels, Mumba, Osso, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Rankamaite, etc.

Mumba cassiterite gravels, Mumba, Osso, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Rankamaite

Mumba cassiterite gravels, Mumba, Osso, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Rankamaite

Mumba cassiterite gravels, Mumba, Osso, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Rankamaite, etc.

Mumba cassiterite gravels, Mumba, Osso, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
Mn2+Ta2O6ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)
trans.png
Tantalite-(Mn)

Mumba cassiterite gravels, Mumba, Osso, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Tantalite-(Mn)

Mumba cassiterite gravels, Mumba, Osso, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Tantalite-(Mn)

Mumba cassiterite gravels, Mumba, Osso, Masisi Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Zⓘ 'Tourmaline'
trans.png
Tourmaline

North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Tourmaline

North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Tourmaline

North Kivu, DR Congo
BiFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)6ⓘ Zaïrite (TL)
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Zaïrite

Eta-Etu, Bapere, Lubero Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Zaïrite

Eta-Etu, Bapere, Lubero Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Zaïrite

Eta-Etu, Bapere, Lubero Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Zaïrite

Eta-Etu, Bapere, Lubero Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Zaïrite

Eta-Etu, Bapere, Lubero Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
trans.png
Zaïrite

Eta-Etu, Bapere, Lubero Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘKitagohaite (TL)1.A0.Pt7Cu
ⓘNative Gold
var. Electrum		1.AA.05(Au,Ag)
ⓘ1.AA.05Au
ⓘNative Platinum1.AF.10Pt
ⓘHongshiite1.AG.45PtCu
ⓘOrthocuproplatinum (TL)1.AH.Pt3Cu
ⓘNative Bismuth1.CA.05Bi
ⓘNative Sulphur1.CC.05S8
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘBornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
ⓘLuberoite (TL)2.BC.35Pt5Se4
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘTroilite2.CC.10FeS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘSperrylite2.EB.05aPtAs2
ⓘArsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
ⓘChlorbartonite ?2.FC.10K6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘHalite3.AA.20NaCl
ⓘSylvite3.AA.20KCl
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
ⓘElpasolite3.CB.15K2NaAlF6
ⓘHieratite3.CH.15K2[SiF6]
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ'Microlite Group'4.00.A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘ'var. Zero valent dominant member of Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘSpinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
ⓘMagnetite
var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite		4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘLueshite (TL)4.CC.30NaNbO3
ⓘPerovskite4.CC.30CaTiO3
ⓘDavidite-(La)4.CC.40La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘCassiterite4.DB.05SnO2
ⓘRutile
var. Ilmenorutile		4.DB.05(Ti,Nb)O2
ⓘ4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘCassiterite
var. Wood Tin		4.DB.05SnO2
ⓘ'Wolframite Group'4.DB.30 va
ⓘColumbite-(Fe)4.DB.35Fe2+Nb2O6
ⓘColumbite-(Mn)4.DB.35Mn2+Nb2O6
ⓘTantalite-(Mn)4.DB.35Mn2+Ta2O6
ⓘLithiowodginite4.DB.40LiTa3O8
ⓘSimpsonite4.DC.10Al4Ta3O13(OH)
ⓘAnatase4.DD.05TiO2
ⓘBaddeleyite4.DE.35ZrO2
ⓘFersmite4.DG.05CaNb2O6
ⓘHydropyrochlore (TL)4.DH.15(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
ⓘ'Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)' (TL)4.DH.15
ⓘThorianite4.DL.05ThO2
ⓘRankamaite (TL)4.DM.05(Na,K)3(Ta,Nb,Al)11(O,OH)31
ⓘCesplumtantite4.DM.15(Cs,Na)2(Pb,Sb3+)3Ta8O24
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘMagnesite5.AB.05MgCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘvar. Iron-bearing Dolomite5.AB.10Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
ⓘStrontianite5.AB.15SrCO3
ⓘParisite-(Ce)5.BD.20bCaCe2(CO3)3F2
ⓘSynchysite-(Ce)5.BD.20cCaCe(CO3)2F
ⓘHydrocerussite5.BE.10Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘBismutite5.BE.25(BiO)2CO3
ⓘAncylite-(Ce)5.DC.05CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAphthitalite7.AC.35K3Na(SO4)2
ⓘMascagnite7.AD.05(NH4)2SO4
ⓘThénardite7.AD.25Na2SO4
ⓘAnhydrite7.AD.30CaSO4
ⓘAnglesite7.AD.35PbSO4
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘCelestine7.AD.35SrSO4
ⓘJarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘChalcanthite7.CB.20CuSO4 · 5H2O
ⓘTschermigite7.CC.20(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘXimengite8.AD.45Bi(PO4)
ⓘMonazite-(Ce)8.AD.50Ce(PO4)
ⓘMonazite-(Nd)8.AD.50Nd(PO4)
ⓘCrandallite8.BL.10CaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
ⓘGorceixite8.BL.10BaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
ⓘZaïrite (TL)8.BL.13BiFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)6
ⓘVariscite8.CD.10AlPO4 · 2H2O
ⓘWavellite8.DC.50Al3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘFayalite9.AC.05Fe2+2(SiO4)
ⓘForsterite9.AC.05Mg2(SiO4)
ⓘKirschsteinite (TL)9.AC.05CaFe2+(SiO4)
ⓘAndradite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘvar. Melanite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘThorite9.AD.30Th(SiO4)
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘSillimanite9.AF.05Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘAndalusite9.AF.10Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘKyanite9.AF.15Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘStaurolite9.AF.30Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTiO(SiO4)
ⓘÅkermanite9.BB.10Ca2Mg[Si2O7]
ⓘAndrémeyerite (TL)9.BB.20BaFe2+2(Si2O7)
ⓘFresnoite9.BE.15Ba2Ti(Si2O7)O
ⓘCuspidine9.BE.17Ca8(Si2O7)2F4
ⓘLåvenite9.BE.17Na2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
ⓘGötzenite (TL)9.BE.22NaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘBaotite9.CE.15Ba4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
ⓘCordierite9.CJ.10Mg2Al4Si5O18
ⓘCombeite (TL)9.CJ.15aNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
ⓘDravite9.CK.05NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘElbaite9.CK.05Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘEudialyte9.CO.10Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘDiopside
var. Chromium-bearing Diopside		9.DA.15Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
ⓘ9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘHedenbergite9.DA.15CaFe2+Si2O6
ⓘDiopside
var. Salite		9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘActinolite9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘEckermannite9.DE.25NaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘRiebeckite9.DE.25◻Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘPectolite9.DG.05NaCa2Si3O8(OH)
ⓘWollastonite9.DG.05Ca3(Si3O9)
ⓘDelhayelite (TL)9.EB.10(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
ⓘUmbrianite9.EB.25K7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
ⓘTalc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘTetraferriphlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
ⓘMontmorillonite9.EC.40(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘVermiculite9.EC.50Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
ⓘKaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘNacrite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘKalsilite9.FA.05KAlSiO4
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘTrikalsilite (TL)9.FA.05K2NaAl3(SiO4)3
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘSanidine9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAnorthite9.FA.35Ca(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘAlbite
var. Anorthoclase		9.FA.35(Na,K)AlSi3O8
ⓘAnorthite
var. Labradorite		9.FA.35(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
ⓘAlbite
var. Cleavelandite		9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘCancrinite9.FB.05(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘVishnevite9.FB.05(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘ'Zeolite Group'9.G0.
ⓘLeucite9.GB.05K(AlSi2O6)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5(T8O22)W2
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Iron-Platinum alloy'-(Pt,Fe)
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup
var. Hornblende'		-AnCa2(Z2+5-mZ3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Lepidolite'-
ⓘ'Monazite Group'-REE(PO4)
ⓘ'Rhabdophane'-
ⓘ'Tapiolite'-(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
ⓘ'Tourmaline'-AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Wad'-
ⓘ'Cerite'-
ⓘ'Xenotime'-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group
var. Perthite'		-
ⓘ'Mica Group'-
ⓘ'Parisite'-Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'-
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'-◻Ca2(C2+4C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
ⓘ'Unnamed (Pt-Cu Alloy)'-Pt3Cu
ⓘ'Ancylite'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'-
ⓘ'Florencite'-
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Columbite-Tantalite'-
ⓘ'Biotite
var. Titanium-bearing Biotite'		-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Glass'-
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3A
ⓘ'Melilite Group'-Ca2M(XSiO7)
ⓘ'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'-AnCa2(C2+5-mC3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))W2
ⓘ'Synchysite Group'-
ⓘ'Chevkinite Group'-
ⓘ'UM1975-16-SO:HKZn'-K2Zn(SO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘ'Sodic amphibole'-
ⓘ'Alkali pyroxene'-
ⓘ'Sodic plagioclase'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ Ancylite-(Ce)CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Hⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Hⓘ CombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
Hⓘ CrandalliteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Hⓘ Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38
Hⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Hⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hⓘ EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Hⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ GorceixiteBaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ HydrocerussitePb3(CO3)2(OH)2
Hⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ Hydropyrochlore(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
Hⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Hⓘ NacriteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Hⓘ Rankamaite(Na,K)3(Ta,Nb,Al)11(O,OH)31
Hⓘ Riebeckite◻Na2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ SimpsoniteAl4Ta3O13(OH)
Hⓘ StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Hⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Hⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Hⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Hⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Hⓘ Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
Hⓘ WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O
Hⓘ ZaïriteBiFe33+(PO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ UM1975-16-SO:HKZnK2Zn(SO4)2 · 2H2O
LiLithium
Liⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Liⓘ LithiowodginiteLiTa3O8
BBoron
Bⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Bⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Bⓘ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
CCarbon
Cⓘ Ancylite-(Ce)CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ HydrocerussitePb3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cⓘ MagnesiteMgCO3
Cⓘ Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Cⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
Cⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Cⓘ Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
Cⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Cⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
NNitrogen
Nⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Nⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
OOxygen
Oⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ ÅkermaniteCa2Mg[Si2O7]
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5(T8O22)W2
Oⓘ AnataseTiO2
Oⓘ Ancylite-(Ce)CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Oⓘ AndalusiteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Oⓘ AndrémeyeriteBaFe22+(Si2O7)
Oⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Oⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Oⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Oⓘ AphthitaliteK3Na(SO4)2
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Oⓘ BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Oⓘ CassiteriteSnO2
Oⓘ CelestineSrSO4
Oⓘ Cesplumtantite(Cs,Na)2(Pb,Sb3+)3Ta8O24
Oⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Oⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Oⓘ CombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
Oⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Oⓘ CrandalliteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Oⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Oⓘ Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38
Oⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oⓘ EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Oⓘ FayaliteFe22+(SiO4)
Oⓘ Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
Oⓘ FersmiteCaNb2O6
Oⓘ ForsteriteMg2(SiO4)
Oⓘ FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O
Oⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ GorceixiteBaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Oⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ HydrocerussitePb3(CO3)2(OH)2
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Oⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ Hydropyrochlore(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
Oⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Oⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ KirschsteiniteCaFe2+(SiO4)
Oⓘ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Oⓘ LithiowodginiteLiTa3O8
Oⓘ LueshiteNaNbO3
Oⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Oⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Oⓘ MagnesiteMgCO3
Oⓘ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Oⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Oⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Oⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Oⓘ Monazite-(Nd)Nd(PO4)
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Oⓘ NacriteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Oⓘ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Oⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Rankamaite(Na,K)3(Ta,Nb,Al)11(O,OH)31
Oⓘ Riebeckite◻Na2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ SimpsoniteAl4Ta3O13(OH)
Oⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Oⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Oⓘ StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Oⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
Oⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Oⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Oⓘ Tapiolite(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Oⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Oⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Oⓘ ThorianiteThO2
Oⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Oⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Oⓘ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ TrikalsiliteK2NaAl3(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Oⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Oⓘ Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
Oⓘ WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O
Oⓘ Cassiterite var. Wood TinSnO2
Oⓘ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Oⓘ XimengiteBi(PO4)
Oⓘ ZaïriteBiFe33+(PO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Oⓘ Andradite var. MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Oⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Oⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
Oⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Oⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
Oⓘ UM1975-16-SO:HKZnK2Zn(SO4)2 · 2H2O
FFluorine
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Fⓘ Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38
Fⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Fⓘ ElpasoliteK2NaAlF6
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Fⓘ HieratiteK2[SiF6]
Fⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Fⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Fⓘ Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Fⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Fⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Fⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Naⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Naⓘ AphthitaliteK3Na(SO4)2
Naⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Naⓘ Cesplumtantite(Cs,Na)2(Pb,Sb3+)3Ta8O24
Naⓘ CombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
Naⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Naⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Naⓘ EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Naⓘ ElpasoliteK2NaAlF6
Naⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Naⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Naⓘ HaliteNaCl
Naⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Naⓘ LueshiteNaNbO3
Naⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Naⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Naⓘ Rankamaite(Na,K)3(Ta,Nb,Al)11(O,OH)31
Naⓘ Riebeckite◻Na2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Naⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Naⓘ TrikalsiliteK2NaAl3(SiO4)3
Naⓘ Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
Naⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Naⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Mgⓘ ÅkermaniteCa2Mg[Si2O7]
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Mgⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Mgⓘ EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ ForsteriteMg2(SiO4)
Mgⓘ MagnesiteMgCO3
Mgⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Mgⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Mgⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Mgⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Mgⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Mgⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ AndalusiteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Alⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Alⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Alⓘ CrandalliteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Alⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Alⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alⓘ EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Alⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alⓘ ElpasoliteK2NaAlF6
Alⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ GorceixiteBaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Alⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Alⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Alⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alⓘ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Alⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Alⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Alⓘ NacriteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Rankamaite(Na,K)3(Ta,Nb,Al)11(O,OH)31
Alⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ SimpsoniteAl4Ta3O13(OH)
Alⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Alⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Alⓘ StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Alⓘ TrikalsiliteK2NaAl3(SiO4)3
Alⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Alⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Alⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Alⓘ Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
Alⓘ WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O
Alⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Alⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(C2+5-mCm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))W2
Alⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ ÅkermaniteCa2Mg[Si2O7]
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ AndalusiteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Siⓘ AndrémeyeriteBaFe22+(Si2O7)
Siⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Siⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Siⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Siⓘ CombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
Siⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Siⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Siⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siⓘ EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Siⓘ FayaliteFe22+(SiO4)
Siⓘ ForsteriteMg2(SiO4)
Siⓘ FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O
Siⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Siⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Siⓘ HieratiteK2[SiF6]
Siⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Siⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ KirschsteiniteCaFe2+(SiO4)
Siⓘ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Siⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Siⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Siⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Siⓘ NacriteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Riebeckite◻Na2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Siⓘ StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Siⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Siⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Siⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Siⓘ TrikalsiliteK2NaAl3(SiO4)3
Siⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Siⓘ Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
Siⓘ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Andradite var. MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Siⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Siⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(C2+5-mCm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))W2
Siⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ CrandalliteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Pⓘ GorceixiteBaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Pⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Pⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Pⓘ Monazite-(Nd)Nd(PO4)
Pⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Pⓘ WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O
Pⓘ XimengiteBi(PO4)
Pⓘ ZaïriteBiFe33+(PO4)2(OH)6
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
SSulfur
Sⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Sⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Sⓘ AphthitaliteK3Na(SO4)2
Sⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Sⓘ CelestineSrSO4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Sⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Sⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ Native SulphurS8
Sⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Sⓘ TroiliteFeS
Sⓘ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Sⓘ Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
Sⓘ ChlorbartoniteK6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
Sⓘ UM1975-16-SO:HKZnK2Zn(SO4)2 · 2H2O
ClChlorine
Clⓘ BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
Clⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Clⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Clⓘ HaliteNaCl
Clⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Clⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Clⓘ SylviteKCl
Clⓘ ChlorbartoniteK6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
Clⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
KPotassium
Kⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase(Na,K)AlSi3O8
Kⓘ AphthitaliteK3Na(SO4)2
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Kⓘ ElpasoliteK2NaAlF6
Kⓘ HieratiteK2[SiF6]
Kⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Kⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Kⓘ LeuciteK(AlSi2O6)
Kⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Rankamaite(Na,K)3(Ta,Nb,Al)11(O,OH)31
Kⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ SylviteKCl
Kⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Kⓘ TrikalsiliteK2NaAl3(SiO4)3
Kⓘ Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ ChlorbartoniteK6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
Kⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
Kⓘ UM1975-16-SO:HKZnK2Zn(SO4)2 · 2H2O
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Caⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Caⓘ ÅkermaniteCa2Mg[Si2O7]
Caⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Caⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Caⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Caⓘ CombeiteNa4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5
Caⓘ CrandalliteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Caⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Caⓘ Delhayelite(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,SO4)3 · 18H2O
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Caⓘ FersmiteCaNb2O6
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Caⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Caⓘ KirschsteiniteCaFe2+(SiO4)
Caⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Caⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Caⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Caⓘ Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Caⓘ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Caⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Caⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Caⓘ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Caⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
Caⓘ Andradite var. MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Caⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ Diopside var. SaliteCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
Caⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Caⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(C2+5-mCm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))W2
Caⓘ UmbrianiteK7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ AnataseTiO2
Tiⓘ BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38
Tiⓘ FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O
Tiⓘ GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Tiⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Tiⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Tiⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
VVanadium
Vⓘ Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38
CrChromium
Crⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Crⓘ Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38
MnManganese
Mnⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Mnⓘ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Mnⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
Mnⓘ Tapiolite(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Mnⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
FeIron
Feⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Feⓘ AndrémeyeriteBaFe22+(Si2O7)
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38
Feⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Feⓘ FayaliteFe22+(SiO4)
Feⓘ Iron-Platinum alloy(Pt,Fe)
Feⓘ Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
Feⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ KirschsteiniteCaFe2+(SiO4)
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ Riebeckite◻Na2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Feⓘ Tapiolite(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Feⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Feⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Feⓘ TroiliteFeS
Feⓘ VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
Feⓘ ZaïriteBiFe33+(PO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ Andradite var. MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Feⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Feⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Feⓘ Biotite var. Titanium-bearing BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
Feⓘ ChlorbartoniteK6Fe24S26(Cl,S)
CuCopper
Cuⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Cuⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuⓘ HongshiitePtCu
Cuⓘ Unnamed (Pt-Cu Alloy)Pt3Cu
Cuⓘ KitagohaitePt7Cu
Cuⓘ OrthocuproplatinumPt3Cu
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Znⓘ UM1975-16-SO:HKZnK2Zn(SO4)2 · 2H2O
AsArsenic
Asⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asⓘ SperrylitePtAs2
SeSelenium
Seⓘ LuberoitePt5Se4
SrStrontium
Srⓘ Ancylite-(Ce)CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Srⓘ CelestineSrSO4
Srⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
YYttrium
Yⓘ Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Zrⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Zrⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
Nbⓘ Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
Nbⓘ FersmiteCaNb2O6
Nbⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile(Ti,Nb)O2
Nbⓘ Hydropyrochlore(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)
Nbⓘ LueshiteNaNbO3
Nbⓘ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Nbⓘ Rankamaite(Na,K)3(Ta,Nb,Al)11(O,OH)31
Nbⓘ Tapiolite(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Nbⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
AgSilver
Agⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
SnTin
Snⓘ CassiteriteSnO2
Snⓘ Cassiterite var. Wood TinSnO2
SbAntimony
Sbⓘ Cesplumtantite(Cs,Na)2(Pb,Sb3+)3Ta8O24
CsCaesium
Csⓘ Cesplumtantite(Cs,Na)2(Pb,Sb3+)3Ta8O24
BaBarium
Baⓘ AndrémeyeriteBaFe22+(Si2O7)
Baⓘ BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Baⓘ FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)O
Baⓘ GorceixiteBaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
LaLanthanum
Laⓘ Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38
Laⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Ancylite-(Ce)CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O
Ceⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Ceⓘ Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Ceⓘ Synchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2F
Ceⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
NdNeodymium
Ndⓘ Monazite-(Nd)Nd(PO4)
Ndⓘ ParisiteCa(Ce/La/Nd/REE)2(CO3)3F2
TaTantalum
Taⓘ Cesplumtantite(Cs,Na)2(Pb,Sb3+)3Ta8O24
Taⓘ LithiowodginiteLiTa3O8
Taⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
Taⓘ Microlite GroupA2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n
Taⓘ Rankamaite(Na,K)3(Ta,Nb,Al)11(O,OH)31
Taⓘ SimpsoniteAl4Ta3O13(OH)
Taⓘ Tapiolite(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6
WTungsten
Wⓘ BaotiteBa4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
PtPlatinum
Ptⓘ Iron-Platinum alloy(Pt,Fe)
Ptⓘ HongshiitePtCu
Ptⓘ LuberoitePt5Se4
Ptⓘ Native PlatinumPt
Ptⓘ SperrylitePtAs2
Ptⓘ Unnamed (Pt-Cu Alloy)Pt3Cu
Ptⓘ KitagohaitePt7Cu
Ptⓘ OrthocuproplatinumPt3Cu
AuGold
Auⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
Auⓘ Native GoldAu
PbLead
Pbⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Pbⓘ Cesplumtantite(Cs,Na)2(Pb,Sb3+)3Ta8O24
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
Pbⓘ HydrocerussitePb3(CO3)2(OH)2
BiBismuth
Biⓘ Native BismuthBi
Biⓘ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
Biⓘ XimengiteBi(PO4)
Biⓘ ZaïriteBiFe33+(PO4)2(OH)6
ThThorium
Thⓘ ThorianiteThO2
Thⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
UUranium
Uⓘ Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Neoproterozoic to Cambrian : 665 ± 33 Ma to 516 ± 26 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Paleozoic
  Cambrian
   Cambrian Series 2
ⓘ Biotite (youngest age)516 ± 26 MaLueshe Mine, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo
    
 
Precambrian
 Proterozoic
  Neoproterozoic
   Cryogenian
ⓘ Biotite (oldest age)665 ± 33 MaKirumba Complex, Bwito, Rutshuru Territory, North Kivu, DR Congo

Fossils

There are 636 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences636
Youngest Fossil Listed0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)
Oldest Fossil Listed299 Ma (Carboniferous)
Stratigraphic Units
UnitNo. OccurrencesAge
Albertine3170.0117 - 0 Ma (Quaternary)
Semliki - Lusso Beds755.333 - 0.0117 Ma (Cenozoic)
Ecca1268.8 - 265.1 Ma (Permian)
Lower Lukuga - Schistes noirs de Walikale4298.9 - 295.5 Ma (Paleozoic)
Fossils from RegionClick here to show the list.
Accepted NameHierarchy Age
Osteichthyes
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Siluriformes
order		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Siluriformes0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Mammalia
class		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Carnivora
order		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Pleurodira
suborder		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pleurodira5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Trionychidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Cycloderma
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : Cycloderma5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Testudinidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Crocodylidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Accipitridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Ciconiidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Ciconiiformes : Ciconiidae0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Cercopithecidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Theropithecus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Theropithecus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Viverridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverridae2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Felis
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Felis0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Aonyx
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Aonyx2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Canis
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Canis0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Rodentia
order		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Hystrix
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae : Hystrix2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Lagomorpha
order		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Suidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Kolpochoerus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Kolpochoerus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Metridiochoerus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Metridiochoerus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Phacochoerus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Phacochoerus2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Potamochoerus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Potamochoerus0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Hippopotamidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Giraffidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Bovidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Alcelaphus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Kobus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Syncerus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Syncerus5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Tragelaphus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Equidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Equus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equus5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Rhinocerotidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Stegodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Stegodontidae : Stegodon0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Panthera leo
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Panthera : Panthera leo0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Taurotragus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Taurotragus0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Acacia
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fabales : Fabaceae : Acacia5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Ophidia
suborder		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Ophidia2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Salix
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Malpighiales : Salicaceae : Salix5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Diospyros
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Ericales : Ebenaceae : Diospyros5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Pteridophyta
phylum		Plantae : Pteridophyta5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Gramineae
family		Plantae : Angiospermae : Cyperales : Gramineae5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Bagridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Bagridae5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Barbus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Cypriniformes : Cyprinidae : Barbus2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Anas
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Anas0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Hippopotamus amphibius
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hippopotamus : Hippopotamus amphibius5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Hexaprotodon imaguncula
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hexaprotodon : Hexaprotodon imaguncula5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Juniperus
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Cupressaceae : Juniperus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Homo sapiens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Homo : Homo sapiens5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Protopterus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Ceratodontiformes : Lepidosirenidae : Protopterus2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Bovini
tribe		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bovini5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Tragelaphini
tribe		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphini0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Reduncini
tribe		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Reduncini5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Alcelaphini
tribe		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphini5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Potamochoerus porcus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Potamochoerus : Potamochoerus porcus2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Aegypiinae
subfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae : Aegypiinae0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Bellamya
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architaenioglossa : Viviparidae : Bellamya5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Orycteropus afer
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Tubulidentata : Orycteropodidae : Orycteropus : Orycteropus afer0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Pelusios
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pelomedusidae : Pelusios5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Clarias
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Clariidae : Clarias2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Lates
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Perciformes : Latidae : Lates5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Polypterus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Polypteriformes : Polypteridae : Polypterus2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Gymnarchus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Osteoglossiformes : Gymnarchidae : Gymnarchus5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Synodontis
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Mochokidae : Synodontis5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Phacochoerus aethiopicus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Phacochoerus : Phacochoerus aethiopicus0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Palaeoloxodon recki
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Elephas : Palaeoloxodon recki5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Pelorovis antiquus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Pelorovis : Pelorovis antiquus0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Connochaetes taurina
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Connochaetes : Connochaetes taurina2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Varanus niloticus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Varanidae : Varanus : Varanus niloticus2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Buteoninae
subfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae : Buteoninae0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Ourebia
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Ourebia0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Ourebia ourebi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Ourebia : Ourebia ourebi0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Hippotragus equinus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Hippotragus : Hippotragus equinus0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Alcelaphus lichtensteinii
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphus : Alcelaphus lichtensteinii2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Alcelaphus buselaphus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphus : Alcelaphus buselaphus2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Kobus ellipsiprymnus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : Kobus ellipsiprymnus0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Redunca redunca
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Redunca : Redunca redunca2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Tragelaphus spekii
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus : Tragelaphus spekii2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Syncerus caffer
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Syncerus : Syncerus caffer2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Samaropsis
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Cordaitaceae : Samaropsis298.9 - 295.5 Ma
Paleozoic
Lutra maculicollis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Lutra : Lutra maculicollis0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Loxodonta africana
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Loxodonta : Loxodonta africana2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Crocodylus niloticus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae : Crocodylus : Crocodylus niloticus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Stegodon kaisensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Stegodontidae : Stegodon : Stegodon kaisensis5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Francolinus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Phasianidae : Francolinus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Cichlidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Cichliformes : Cichlidae5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Caelatura
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Barleeiidae : Caelatura5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Struthio camelus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Struthioniformes : Struthionidae : Struthio : Struthio camelus0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Lycaon pictus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Lycaon : Lycaon pictus0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Hylochoerus meinertzhageni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Hylochoerus : Hylochoerus meinertzhageni0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Bulinus
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Bulinidae : Bulinus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Tragelaphus scriptus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus : Tragelaphus scriptus0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Tragelaphus strepsiceros
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus : Tragelaphus strepsiceros0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Damaliscus dorcas
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Damaliscus : Damaliscus dorcas2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Kobus kob
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : Kobus kob5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Kobus defassa
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : Kobus defassa0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Equus quagga burchelli
subspecies		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equus : Equus quagga burchelli2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Dendrohyrax arboreus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Procaviidae : Dendrohyrax : Dendrohyrax arboreus0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Boutakovia saleei
species		Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Protorthoptera : Boutakovia : Boutakovia saleei298.9 - 290.1 Ma
Paleozoic
Tilapiini
tribe		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Cichliformes : Cichlidae : Tilapiini0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Heterobranchus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Clariidae : Heterobranchus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Podocarpus
genus		Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Podocarpaceae : Podocarpus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Eupera
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Sphaeriida : Sphaeriidae : Eupera5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Characidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Characiformes : Characidae5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Protopterus aethiopicus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Ceratodontiformes : Lepidosirenidae : Protopterus : Protopterus aethiopicus0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Phalacrocorax carbo
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Suliformes : Phalacrocoracidae : Phalacrocorax : Phalacrocorax carbo0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Grewia
genus		Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Malvales : Tiliaceae : Grewia5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Clarotes
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Claroteidae : Clarotes5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Hydrocynus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Characiformes : Alestidae : Hydrocynus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Pleiodon
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Iridinidae : Pleiodon5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Anhinga melanogaster
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Suliformes : Anhingidae : Anhinga : Anhinga melanogaster0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Ardea alba
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pelecaniformes : Ardeidae : Ardea : Ardea alba0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Numenius phaeopus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Scolopacidae : Numenius : Numenius phaeopus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Plectropterus gambensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Plectropterus : Plectropterus gambensis0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Microcarbo africanus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Suliformes : Phalacrocoracidae : Microcarbo : Microcarbo africanus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Hydroprogne caspia
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Laridae : Hydroprogne : Hydroprogne caspia0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Anastomus lamelligerus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Ciconiiformes : Ciconiidae : Anastomus : Anastomus lamelligerus0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Haliaeetus vocifer
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae : Haliaeetus : Haliaeetus vocifer0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Hippotragus niro
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Hippotragus : Hippotragus niro2.588 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Kobus sigmoidalis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : Kobus sigmoidalis5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Redunca ancystrocera
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Redunca : Redunca ancystrocera5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Menelikia lyrocera
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Menelikia : Menelikia lyrocera5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Hylochoerus euilus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Hylochoerus : Hylochoerus euilus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Thryonomys swinderianus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae : Thryonomys : Thryonomys swinderianus0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Damaliscus lunatus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Damaliscus : Damaliscus lunatus0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Pelecanus rufescens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pelecaniformes : Pelecanidae : Pelecanus : Pelecanus rufescens0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Mycteria ibis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Ciconiiformes : Ciconiidae : Mycteria : Mycteria ibis0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Phoenicoparrus minor
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Phoenicopteriformes : Phoenicopteridae : Phoenicoparrus : Phoenicoparrus minor0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Larus fuscus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Laridae : Larus : Larus fuscus0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Laridae : Chroicocephalus : Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Bubo lacteus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Strigiformes : Strigidae : Bubo : Bubo lacteus0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Corvus albicollis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Corvidae : Corvus : Corvus albicollis0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Bellamya unicolor
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architaenioglossa : Viviparidae : Bellamya : Bellamya unicolor5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Pila ovata
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architaenioglossa : Ampullariidae : Pila : Pila ovata0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Gabbiella senaariensis
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Bithyniidae : Gabbiella : Gabbiella senaariensis0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Gabbiella humerosa
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Bithyniidae : Gabbiella : Gabbiella humerosa0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Cleopatra bulimoides
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Paludomidae : Cleopatra : Cleopatra bulimoides0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Melanoides tuberculata
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Thiaridae : Melanoides : Melanoides tuberculata0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Lymnaea natalensis
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Basommatophora : Lymnaeidae : Lymnaea : Lymnaea natalensis0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Burnupia edwardiana
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Burnupiidae : Burnupia : Burnupia edwardiana0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Ceratophallus kigeziensis
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Basommatophora : Planorbidae : Ceratophallus : Ceratophallus kigeziensis0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Ceratophallus bicarinatus
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Basommatophora : Planorbidae : Ceratophallus : Ceratophallus bicarinatus0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Ceratophallus apertus
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Basommatophora : Planorbidae : Ceratophallus : Ceratophallus apertus0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Ceratophallus faini
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Basommatophora : Planorbidae : Ceratophallus : Ceratophallus faini0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Gyraulus costulatus
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Basommatophora : Planorbidae : Gyraulus : Gyraulus costulatus0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Biomphalaria choanomphala
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Basommatophora : Planorbidae : Biomphalaria : Biomphalaria choanomphala0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Biomphalaria sudanica
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Basommatophora : Planorbidae : Biomphalaria : Biomphalaria sudanica0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Bulinus truncatus
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Basommatophora : Planorbidae : Bulinus : Bulinus truncatus0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Achatina stuhlmanni
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Stylommatophora : Achatinidae : Achatina : Achatina stuhlmanni0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Limicolaria martensiana
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Achatinidae : Limicolaria : Limicolaria martensiana0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Curvella
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Stylommatophora : Achatinidae : Curvella0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Succinea baumanni
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Stylommatophora : Succineidae : Succinea : Succinea baumanni0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Coelatura bakeri
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Unionidae : Coelatura : Coelatura bakeri0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Coelatura acuminata
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Unionidae : Coelatura : Coelatura acuminata0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Aspatharia
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Mutelidae : Aspatharia5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Aspatharia rubens
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Iridinidae : Aspatharia : Aspatharia rubens0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Mutela nilotica
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Iridinidae : Mutela : Mutela nilotica0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Etheria
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Etheriidae : Etheria5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Etheria elliptica
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Etheriidae : Etheria : Etheria elliptica0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Corbicula consobrina
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Cyrenidae : Corbicula : Corbicula consobrina0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Sphaerium hartmanni
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Sphaeriidae : Sphaerium : Sphaerium hartmanni0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Pisidium victoriae
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Sphaeriida : Sphaeriidae : Pisidium : Pisidium victoriae0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Barbus bynni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Cypriniformes : Cyprinidae : Barbus : Barbus bynni0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Barbus altianalis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Cypriniformes : Cyprinidae : Barbus : Barbus altianalis0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Bagrus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Bagridae : Bagrus5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Synodontis schall
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Mochokidae : Synodontis : Synodontis schall0.126 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Synodontis frontosus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Mochokidae : Synodontis : Synodontis frontosus0.126 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Lates niloticus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Perciformes : Latidae : Lates : Lates niloticus5.333 - 0 Ma
Cenozoic
Fossil LocalitiesClick to show 25 fossil localities

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Kivu
Wikidata ID:Q130625
GeoNames ID:206938

Localities in this Region

DR Congo
DR Congo

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

AfricaContinent
African PlateTectonic Plate
African Plate
DR Congo
Somali PlateTectonic Plate

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