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Ruwenzori Mountains, Albertine Rift, East African Rift System (EARS), Africai
Regional Level Types
Ruwenzori MountainsRange of Mountains and Hills
Albertine RiftZone (Tectonic)
East African Rift System (EARS)Zone (Tectonic)
AfricaContinent

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PhotosSearch
05491770017272421992373.jpg
Margherita Peak (Uganda) and Alexandra Peak (RD Congo)

Margherita Peak, Kasese, Western Region, Uganda
05491770017272421992373.jpg
Margherita Peak (Uganda) and Alexandra Peak (RD Congo)

Margherita Peak, Kasese, Western Region, Uganda
05121270017272040105267.jpg
Margherita Peak (Uganda) and Alexandra Peak (RD Congo)

Margherita Peak, Kasese, Western Region, Uganda
Type:
Range of Mountains and Hills
Largest Settlements:
PlacePopulation
Kilembe7,914 (2016)
Margherita5,109 (2012)
Mindat Locality ID:
418164
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:418164:7
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Ruwenzori Range; Rwenzori Mountains; Rwenjura Mountains


Range of mountains in eastern equatorial Africa, located on the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The highest peak reaches 5,109 m a.s.l., and the range's upper regions are permanently snow-capped and glaciated. The name Rwenzori comes from "rwe nzururu" meaning place of snow in Swahili. Rivers fed by mountain streams form one of the sources of the Nile. Virunga National Park in eastern DR Congo and Rwenzori Mountains National Park in southwestern Uganda include the range.

The mountains formed in the late Pliocene epoch and are the result of an uplifted block of crystalline rocks. This uplift divided the paleolake Obweruka and created three of the present-day African Great Lakes: Lake Albert, Lake Edward (also known as Lake Rutanzige), and Lake George (also known as Lake Dweru). The Rwenzori Mountains are the highest non-volcanic, non-orogenic mountains in the world.

The range is about 120 km long and 65 km wide. It consists of six massifs separated by deep gorges: Mount Stanley, Mount Speke, Mount Baker, Mount Emin, Mount Gessi, and Mount Luigi di Savoia.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

28 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Albite var. Andesine
Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ Anorthite
Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite
Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
ⓘ Azurite
Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ Chrysocolla
Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
ⓘ Cuprite
Formula: Cu2O
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ 'Hypersthene'
Formula: (Mg,Fe)SiO3
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ Kyanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘ Linnaeite
Formula: Co2+Co3+2S4
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ 'Mica Group'
ⓘ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite
Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
ⓘ Native Gold
Formula: Au
ⓘ Pentlandite
Formula: (NixFey)Σ9S8
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Pyrite var. Cobalt-bearing Pyrite
Formula: (Fe,Co)S2
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Siegenite
Formula: CoNi2S4
Description: Ferroan
ⓘ Sillimanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ 'Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series'
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘNative Gold1.AA.05Au
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘPentlandite2.BB.15(NixFey)Σ9S8
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘLinnaeite2.DA.05Co2+Co3+2S4
ⓘSiegenite2.DA.05CoNi2S4
ⓘMolybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘvar. Cobalt-bearing Pyrite2.EB.05a(Fe,Co)S2
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘCuprite4.AA.10Cu2O
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘAzurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘMalachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘSillimanite9.AF.05Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘKyanite9.AF.15Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘMuscovite
var. Illite		9.EC.15K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
ⓘ9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘKaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘChrysocolla9.ED.20Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Andesine9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘAnorthite9.FA.35Ca(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘvar. Labradorite9.FA.35(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Unclassified
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series'-
ⓘ'Hypersthene'-(Mg,Fe)SiO3
ⓘ'Tourmaline'-AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Mica Group'-
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'-◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Hⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Hⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
BBoron
Bⓘ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
CCarbon
Cⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
OOxygen
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Oⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Oⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Oⓘ CupriteCu2O
Oⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Oⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
FFluorine
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Naⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Alⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Alⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Alⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alⓘ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Alⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Siⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Siⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Siⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Siⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Siⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
SSulfur
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ LinnaeiteCo2+Co23+S4
Sⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Sⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
Sⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SiegeniteCoNi2S4
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ Pyrite var. Cobalt-bearing Pyrite(Fe,Co)S2
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ Muscovite var. IlliteK0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
Kⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Caⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
FeIron
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Feⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ Pyrite var. Cobalt-bearing Pyrite(Fe,Co)S2
CoCobalt
Coⓘ LinnaeiteCo2+Co23+S4
Coⓘ SiegeniteCoNi2S4
Coⓘ Pyrite var. Cobalt-bearing Pyrite(Fe,Co)S2
NiNickel
Niⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Niⓘ SiegeniteCoNi2S4
CuCopper
Cuⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Cuⓘ CupriteCu2O
Cuⓘ Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series
Cuⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asⓘ Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series
MoMolybdenum
Moⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
SbAntimony
Sbⓘ Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series
AuGold
Auⓘ Native GoldAu
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS

Fossils

There are 1 fossil locality from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences1
Youngest Fossil Listed3.60 Ma (Pliocene)
Oldest Fossil Listed5.33 Ma (Miocene)
Fossils from RegionClick here to show the list.
Accepted NameHierarchy Age
Sivaonyx kamuhangirei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Sivaonyx : Sivaonyx kamuhangirei5.333 - 3.6 Ma
Neogene
Fossil LocalitiesClick to show 1 fossil locality

Localities in this Region

DR Congo
Uganda

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

AfricaContinent
African PlateTectonic Plate
DR Congo
Somali PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Scott Elliot, George Francis, and Gregory, John Walter (1895) The geology of Mount Ruwenzori and some adjoining regions of Equatorial Africa. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 51, 1-4, 669-680.
Roccati, Alessandro (1907) Nell'Uganda e nella catena del Ruwenzori. Relazione preliminare sulle osservazioni geologiche fatte durante la spedizione di S.A.R. il Duca degli Abruzzi nell'anno 1906. Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 26, 2, 127-158.
De Filippi, Filippo, ed. [Savoia, Luigi Amedeo di (Duca degli Abruzzi)] (1908) Il Ruwenzori. Viaggio di esplorazione e prime ascensioni delle più alte vette nella catena nevosa situata fra i grandi laghi equatoriali dell'Africa Centrale. Ulrico Hoepli, Milano, 358 pp.
Colomba, Luigi (1909) Sopra alcuni minerali del Ruwenzori. In: Savoia, Luigi Amedeo di (Duca degli Abruzzi), [Roccati, Alessandro (ed.)], Il Ruwenzori. Parte scientifica. Risultati delle osservazioni e studi compiuti sul materiale raccolto dalla spedizione. Volume II: Geologia. Petrografia e mineralogia. Ulrico Hoepli, Milano, pages 281-286.
Piolti, Giuseppe (1909) Sabbie della catena del Ruwenzori e della regione del Toro. In: Savoia, Luigi Amedeo di (Duca degli Abruzzi), [Roccati, Alessandro (ed.)], Il Ruwenzori. Parte scientifica. Risultati delle osservazioni e studi compiuti sul materiale raccolto dalla spedizione. Volume II: Geologia. Petrografia e mineralogia. Ulrico Hoepli, Milano, pages 267-278.
Roccati, Alessandro (1909) Osservazioni geologiche nell’Uganda e nella catena del Ruwenzori fatte durante la spedizione di S.A.R. il Duca degli Abruzzi nell’anno 1906. In: Savoia, Luigi Amedeo di (Duca degli Abruzzi), [Roccati, Alessandro (ed.)], Il Ruwenzori. Parte scientifica. Risultati delle osservazioni e studi compiuti sul materiale raccolto dalla spedizione. Volume II: Geologia. Petrografia e mineralogia. Ulrico Hoepli, Milano, pages 1-164.
Roccati, Alessandro (1909) Osservazioni petrografiche su alcuni fra i principali tipi di roccie incontrate nell’Uganda e nella Catena del Ruwenzori. In: Savoia, Luigi Amedeo di (Duca degli Abruzzi), [Roccati, Alessandro (ed.)], Il Ruwenzori. Parte scientifica. Risultati delle osservazioni e studi compiuti sul materiale raccolto dalla spedizione. Volume II: Geologia. Petrografia e mineralogia. Ulrico Hoepli, Milano, pages 167-229.
Roccati, Alessandro (1909) Übersicht der geologischen, petrographischen, mineralogischen, sowie der zoologischen und botanischen Beobachtungen. In: De Filippi, Filippo, ed. [Savoyen, Ludwig Amadeus von (Herzog der Abruzzen)], Der Ruwenzori, Erstbesteigung seiner höchsten Gipfel. Anhang C. Brockhaus, Leipzig, pages 433– 452.
Osmaston, Henry (1989) Glaciers, glaciations and equilibrium line altitudes on the Ruwenzori. In: Mahaney, William C., ed., Quaternary and Environmental Research on East African Mtountains. 1st Edition. CRC Press, London, pages 31–104.
Osmaston, Henry A., Harrison, Sandy P. (2005) The Late Quaternary glaciation of Africa: A regional synthesis. Quaternary International, 138-139, 32–54.
MacPhee, Daniel (2006) Exhumation, rift-flank uplift, and the thermal evolution of the Rwenzori Mountains determined by combined (U-Th)/He and U-Pb thermochronometry. Master Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A., 38 pp.
Taylor, Richard G., Mileham, Lucinda, Tindimugaya, Callist, Majugu, Abushen, Muwanga, Andrew, Nakileza, Bob (2006) Recent deglaciation in the Rwenzori Mountains of East Africa due to rising air temperatures. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L10402, doi:10.1029/2006GL025962
Ring, Uwe (2008) Extreme uplift of the Rwenzori Mountains in the East African Rift, Uganda: Structural framework and possible role of glaciations. Tectonics, 27, 4, TC4018, 19 pp., https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2007TC002176
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To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
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