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Afar Triangle (Afar Depression), Africa i
Regional Level Types
Afar Triangle (Afar Depression) Depression
Africa Continent

Regional Level Types
Afar Triangle (Afar Depression)	Depression
Africa	Continent

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Simplified geologic map of the Afar Depression.

Afar Triangle, Africa

Landscape with hot springs at Dallol volcano

Mount Dallol, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

View of the Dallol potash mining area, ca. 1930.

Mount Dallol, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Simplified geologic map of the Afar Depression.

Afar Triangle, Africa

Landscape with hot springs at Dallol volcano

Mount Dallol, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

View of the Dallol potash mining area, ca. 1930.

Mount Dallol, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Simplified geologic map of the Afar Depression.

Afar Triangle, Africa

Landscape with hot springs at Dallol volcano

Mount Dallol, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Type:

Depression

Largest Settlements:

Place	Population
'Ali Sabieh	40,074 (2017)
Ḏânan	40,074 (2013)
Dubti	26,370 (2013)
Tadjourah	22,193 (2018)
Asaita	20,342 (2012)
Dikhil	12,043 (2018)

Mindat Locality ID:

456801

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:456801:1

GUID (UUID V4):

The Afar Triangle (also called the Afar Depression) is a geological depression caused by the Afar triple junction, which is part of the Great Rift Valley in East Africa.

The northern part of the Afar Depression is also known as the Danakil Depression.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.

ⓘ Salt

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

ⓘ 'Clinoptilolite Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

ⓘ 'Heulandite Subgroup'

ⓘ var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite

ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'

ⓘ var. Sceptre Quartz

ⓘ Riebeckite

ⓘ Sanidine

ⓘ 'Smectite Group'

ⓘ 'Sodic plagioclase'

ⓘ Sphalerite

ⓘ Stellerite

ⓘ Stevensite

ⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup'

60 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Acanthite

Formula: Ag₂S

Locality: Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

References:

Moussa, Nima & Boiron, M.C & Grassineau, Nathalie & Asael, Dan & Fouquet, Yves & Le Gall, Bernard & Rolet, Joël & Etoubleau, Joel & Delacourt, Christophe. (2019). Mineralogy, fluid inclusions and stable isotope study of epithermal Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization from the SE Afar Rift (Djibouti). Ore Geology Reviews. 111. 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.05.002.

ⓘ Aegirine

Formula: NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆

Localities:

North Tadjoura Complex, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti
Moussa Alli Stratovolcano, Awsi Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Aenigmatite

Formula: Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]

Localities:

North Tadjoura Complex, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti
Boina Volcanic Region, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

Localities:

Moussa Alli Stratovolcano, Awsi Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Dabbayra Volcano, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Boina Volcanic Region, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Albite var. Andesine

Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]

Localities:

Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Dabbayra Volcano, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Boina Volcanic Region, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase

Formula: (Na,K)AlSi₃O₈

Locality: Moussa Alli Stratovolcano, Awsi Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Fino. M.De, Volpe, I.L.A., Lirer, L. & Varet, J. 1973. Geology and petrology of Manda-Inakir Range and Moussa Alli volcano, central eastern Afar (Ethiopia and T.F.A.I.). Revue de Geographie Physique et de Geologie Dynamique, Paris, 15, 373-386.

Piguet, P., & Vellutini, P. (1991). Données nouvelles sur le volcan Moussa Ali (République de Djibouti). Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série 2, Mécanique, Physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'univers, Sciences de la Terre, 313(13), 1611-1618.

ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'

Locality: Boina Volcanic Region, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Barberi, F., Borsi, S., Ferrara, G., Marinelli, G., Santacroce, R., Tazieff, H., & Varet, J. (1972). Evolution of the Danakil Depression (Afar, Ethiopia) in light of radiometric age determinations. The Journal of Geology, 80(6), 720-729. doi.org/10.1086/627797

Barberi, F., Chedeville, E., Faure, H., Marinelli, G., Santacroce, R., Tazieff, H., & Varet, J. (1973). Geology of Northern Afar (Ethiopia). (with a geological map, scale 1:500000). Revue de Geographie Physique et de Geologie Dynamique, Paris, 15, 443-489.

Barberi, F.; Santacroce, R.; Varet, J. (1974) Silicic peralkaline volcanic rocks of the Afar Depression (Ethiopia). Bulletin Volcanologique, 38 (2). 755-790 doi:10.1007/bf02596907

Barberi, F., Ferrara, G., Santacroce, R., Treuil, M., & Varet, J. (1975). A transitional basalt-pantellerite sequence of fractional crystallization, the Boina Centre (Afar Rift, Ethiopia). Journal of Petrology, 16(1), 22-56. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/16.1.22

ⓘ Anhydrite

Formula: CaSO₄

Localities:

Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Danakil Depression, Afar Triangle (Afar Depression), Africa
Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Asa Leyta, Arta Region, Djibouti

ⓘ Anorthite

Formula: Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)

Localities:

Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Asal Rift, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti
Ardoukôba Volcano, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti

ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite

Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]

Locality: Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

exemple de l'Afar. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 7(5-6), 506-540. doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XV.5-6.506

Treuil, M., Varet, J., Billhot, M., Barberi, F. (1971) Distribution of nickel, copper and zinc in the volcanic series of Erta'Ale, Ethiopia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. doi:10.1007/BF00373371

Cheminée, J. L. (1973). Evolution des concentrations en K, U et Th dans les laves de la série différenciée de l'Erta'Ale. Rev. Géogr. Géol. Dyn.(2), 15(4), 353-372.

Tazieff, H. (1973). Erta Ale volcano. Revue de géographie physique et de géologie dynamique, 15(4), 437-441.

Treuil, M., & Varet, J. (1973). Criteres volcanologiques, petrologiques et geochimiques de la genese et de la differenciation des magmas basaltiques

Barberi, F.; Santacroce, R.; Varet, J. (1974) Silicic peralkaline volcanic rocks of the Afar Depression (Ethiopia). Bulletin Volcanologique, 38 (2). 755-790 doi:10.1007/bf02596907

Barberi, F., Civetta, L., & Varet, J. (1980). Sr isotopic composition of Afar volcanics and its implication for mantle evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 50(1), 247-259. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(80)90136-3

BIZOUARD, H., BARBERI, F., VARET, J. (1980) Mineralogy and Petrology of Erta Ale and Boina Volcanic Series, Afar Rift, Ethiopia. Journal of Petrology, 21 (2) 401-436 doi:10.1093/petrology/21.2.401

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite

Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]

Localities:

Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

Locality: North Tadjoura Complex, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti

References:

Richard, O. 1985. Les formations volcaniques. In: Notice explicative. Carte Geologique de la Republique de Djibouti a 1:100000. Tadjoura. Editions de l'ORSTOM. Institut Francais de Recherche Scientifique pour le Developpment en Cooperation. Paris, 9-37.

Varet, J. (1978). Geology of central and southern Afar:(Ethiopia and Djibouti Republic). Ed. du Centre nationale de la recherche scient.. (Explanation accompanying Geological map of central and southern Afar. 1:500000).

Gadalia, A. L. A. N., & Varet, J. (1983). Les rhyolites miocènes de l'Est de l'Afar. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 7(2), 139-153. doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXV.2.139

Deniel, C., Vidal, P., Coulon, C., Vellutini, P. J., & Piguet, P. (1994). Temporal evolution of mantle sources during continental rifting: the volcanism of Djibouti (Afar). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 99(B2), 2853-2869. doi.org/10.1029/93JB02576

ⓘ Arfvedsonite

Formula: [Na][Na₂][Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

Locality: North Tadjoura Complex, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti

References:

Gadalia, A. L. A. N., & Varet, J. (1983). Les rhyolites miocènes de l'Est de l'Afar. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 7(2), 139-153. doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXV.2.139

ⓘ Augite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

Localities:

North Tadjoura Complex, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti
Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Barrerite

Formula: Na₂(Si₇Al₂)O₁₈ · 6H₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

Localities:

North Tadjoura Complex, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti
Affara Dara Peralkaline Granite, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Bischofite

Formula: MgCl₂ · 6H₂O

Locality: Lake Karum, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Hovland, Martin, Rueslåtten, Håkon, Johnsen, Hans Konrad (2018) Salt Formation, Accumulation, and Expulsion Processes During Ocean Rifting—New Insight Gained from the Red Sea. In Geological Setting, Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology of the Red Sea. Springer International Publishing. p.233-257. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99408-6_11

ⓘ Bornite

Formula: Cu₅FeS₄

Locality: Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

References:

ⓘ Brushite

Formula: Ca(PO₃OH) · 2H₂O

Locality: Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

López-García, José M., Moreira, David, Benzerara, Karim, Grunewald, Olivier, López-García, Purificación (2020) Origin and Evolution of the Halo-Volcanic Complex of Dallol: Proto-Volcanism in Northern Afar (Ethiopia). Frontiers in Earth Science, 7. 351 doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00351

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

Localities:

Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Mousa Ali volcano, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti
Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti
Asa Leyta, Arta Region, Djibouti

ⓘ Carnallite

Formula: KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O

Localities:

Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Danakil Depression, Afar Triangle (Afar Depression), Africa
Lake Karum, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Chalcocite

Formula: Cu₂S

Locality: Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

References:

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

Locality: Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

References:

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

Localities:

Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

ⓘ Clinochlore

Formula: Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈

Locality: Asa Leyta, Arta Region, Djibouti

References:

ⓘ 'Clinoptilolite Subgroup'

Formula: (Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

Localities:

Erta Ale Volcano, Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Boina Volcanic Region, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Corrensite

Formula: (Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O

Localities:

Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Covellite

Formula: CuS

Locality: Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

References:

ⓘ Dawsonite

Formula: NaAlCO₃(OH)₂

Locality: Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Digenite

Formula: Cu₉S₅

Locality: Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

References:

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

Li, Changhao; Shen, Ping; Zhao, Yong; Li, Pei; Zhang, Lejun; Pan, Hongdi (2022) Mineral chemistry of chlorite in different geologic environments and its implications for porphyry Cu ± Au ± Mo deposits. Ore Geology Reviews, 149. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.105112

ⓘ Fayalite

Formula: Fe²⁺₂SiO₄

Localities:

North Tadjoura Complex, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti
Moussa Alli Stratovolcano, Awsi Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Boina Volcanic Region, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Fluorite

Formula: CaF₂

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

Locality: Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

References:

ⓘ 'Glass'

Localities:

Erta Ale caldera, Erta Ale Volcano, Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Boina Volcanic Region, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: Fe³⁺O(OH)

Localities:

Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti
Asa Leyta, Arta Region, Djibouti

ⓘ Gypsum

Formula: CaSO₄ · 2H₂O

Localities:

ⓘ Halite

Formula: NaCl

Localities:

Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Danakil Depression, Afar Triangle (Afar Depression), Africa
Lake Karum, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Hedenbergite

Formula: CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆

Locality: North Tadjoura Complex, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti

References:

Gadalia, A. L. A. N., & Varet, J. (1983). Les rhyolites miocènes de l'Est de l'Afar. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 7(2), 139-153. doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXV.2.139

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

Localities:

Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

ⓘ Hessite

Formula: Ag₂Te

Locality: Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

References:

ⓘ 'Heulandite Subgroup'

Formula: (Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Hotsonite

Formula: Al₁₁(SO₄)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂₁ · 16H₂O

Locality: Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Kainite

Formula: KMg(SO₄)Cl · 3H₂O

Locality: Danakil Depression, Afar Triangle (Afar Depression), Africa

References:

Holwerda, James G., Hutchinson, Richard W. (1968) Potash-bearing evaporites in the Danakil area, Ethiopia. Economic Geology, 63 (2) 124-150 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.63.2.124

ⓘ Kaolinite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ 'Kerolite'

Formula: (Mg,Ni)₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · nH₂O (n ~ 1)

Locality: Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

Localities:

Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti
Asa Leyta, Arta Region, Djibouti

ⓘ 'K Feldspar var. Adularia'

Formula: KAlSi₃O₈

Localities:

Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti
Asa Leyta, Arta Region, Djibouti

ⓘ Laumontite

Formula: CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

Locality: North Tadjoura Complex, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti

References:

Gadalia, A. L. A. N., & Varet, J. (1983). Les rhyolites miocènes de l'Est de l'Afar. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 7(2), 139-153. doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXV.2.139

ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄

Locality: North Tadjoura Complex, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti

References:

Gadalia, A. L. A. N., & Varet, J. (1983). Les rhyolites miocènes de l'Est de l'Afar. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 7(2), 139-153. doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXV.2.139

ⓘ Marcasite

Formula: FeS₂

Locality: Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

References:

ⓘ Mordenite

Formula: (Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Localities:

Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite

Formula: K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Native Copper

Formula: Cu

Locality: Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

References:

ⓘ Native Gold

Formula: Au

Locality: Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

References:

ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum

Formula: (Au,Ag)

Locality: Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

References:

ⓘ Native Platinum

Formula: Pt

Locality: Erta Ale caldera, Erta Ale Volcano, Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Zelenski, Michael E., Fischer, Tobias P., de Moor, J. Maarten, Marty, Bernard, Zimmermann, Laurent, Ayalew, Dereje, Nekrasov, Aleksey N., Karandashev, Vasilii K. (2013) Trace elements in the gas emissions from the Erta Ale volcano, Afar, Ethiopia. Chemical Geology, 357. 95-116 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.022

ⓘ Native Silver

Formula: Ag

Locality: Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

References:

ⓘ Native Sulphur

Formula: S₈

Localities:

Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Danakil Depression, Afar Triangle (Afar Depression), Africa
Lake Karum, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Olivine Group'

Formula: M₂SiO₄

Localities:

Ardoukôba Volcano, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti
Asal Rift, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti

ⓘ Opal

Formula: SiO₂ · nH₂O

Locality: South Gondar Opal Occurrences, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

tracktech.net (n.d.) http://tracktech.net/ega/index.php

ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'

Locality: Boina Volcanic Region, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Barberi, F.; Santacroce, R.; Varet, J. (1974) Silicic peralkaline volcanic rocks of the Afar Depression (Ethiopia). Bulletin Volcanologique, 38 (2). 755-790 doi:10.1007/bf02596907

ⓘ Petzite

Formula: Ag₃AuTe₂

Locality: Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

References:

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈

Localities:

Erta Ale caldera, Erta Ale Volcano, Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Erta Ale Volcano, Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Boina Volcanic Region, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Prehnite

Formula: Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

Localities:

Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti
Asa Leyta, Arta Region, Djibouti

ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'

Formula: ADSi₂O₆

Localities:

Moussa Alli Stratovolcano, Awsi Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Ardoukôba Volcano, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

Localities:

Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti
Asa Leyta, Arta Region, Djibouti

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Quartz var. Agate

Formula: SiO₂

Locality: Alaili Dadda, Obock Region, Djibouti

References:

David Fryauff find & collection

ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony

Formula: SiO₂

Localities:

Asa Leyta, Arta Region, Djibouti
Alaili Dadda, Obock Region, Djibouti

ⓘ Quartz var. Sceptre Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Locality: Mousa Ali volcano, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti

References:

Jean-Marie LAURENT collection

ⓘ Riebeckite

Formula: ◻[Na₂][Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

Locality: Asa Ale Granite, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

De Angelis, M. 1923. Note di petrografia dancala. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e dei Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano, 62, 179-200.

ⓘ Sanidine

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

Locality: North Tadjoura Complex, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti

References:

Gadalia, A. L. A. N., & Varet, J. (1983). Les rhyolites miocènes de l'Est de l'Afar. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 7(2), 139-153. doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXV.2.139

ⓘ 'Smectite Group'

Formula: A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ 'Sodic plagioclase'

Locality: North Tadjoura Complex, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti

References:

Gadalia, A. L. A. N., & Varet, J. (1983). Les rhyolites miocènes de l'Est de l'Afar. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 7(2), 139-153. doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXV.2.139

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

Locality: Hes Daba, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

References:

ⓘ Stellerite

Formula: Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂ · 28H₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Stevensite

Formula: (Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂

Locality: Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup'

Formula: M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Sylvite

Formula: KCl

Localities:

Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Danakil Depression, Afar Triangle (Afar Depression), Africa
Lake Karum, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTi(SiO₄)O

Locality: North Tadjoura Complex, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti

References:

Gadalia, A. L. A. N., & Varet, J. (1983). Les rhyolites miocènes de l'Est de l'Afar. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 7(2), 139-153. doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXV.2.139

ⓘ Vermiculite

Formula: Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ 'Wad'

Locality: Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Wairakite

Formula: Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

Locality: North Tadjoura Complex, Tadjourah Region, Djibouti

References:

Gadalia, A. L. A. N., & Varet, J. (1983). Les rhyolites miocènes de l'Est de l'Afar. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 7(2), 139-153. doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXV.2.139

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Copper	1.AA.05	Cu
ⓘ	Native Gold var. Electrum	1.AA.05	(Au,Ag)
ⓘ		1.AA.05	Au
ⓘ	Native Silver	1.AA.05	Ag
ⓘ	Native Platinum	1.AF.10	Pt
ⓘ	Native Sulphur	1.CC.05	S₈
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Chalcocite	2.BA.05	Cu₂S
ⓘ	Digenite	2.BA.10	Cu₉S₅
ⓘ	Bornite	2.BA.15	Cu₅FeS₄
ⓘ	Acanthite	2.BA.35	Ag₂S
ⓘ	Hessite	2.BA.60	Ag₂Te
ⓘ	Petzite	2.BA.75	Ag₃AuTe₂
ⓘ	Covellite	2.CA.05a	CuS
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Marcasite	2.EB.10a	FeS₂
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Halite	3.AA.20	NaCl
ⓘ	Sylvite	3.AA.20	KCl
ⓘ	Fluorite	3.AB.25	CaF₂
ⓘ	Carnallite	3.BA.10	KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O
ⓘ	Bischofite	3.BB.15	MgCl₂ · 6H₂O
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Goethite	4.00.	Fe³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Quartz var. Agate	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Chalcedony	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ		4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Sceptre Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Opal	4.DA.10	SiO₂ · nH₂O
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Dawsonite	5.BB.10	NaAlCO₃(OH)₂
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Anhydrite	7.AD.30	CaSO₄
ⓘ	Gypsum	7.CD.40	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Kainite	7.DF.10	KMg(SO₄)Cl · 3H₂O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Brushite	8.CJ.50	Ca(PO₃OH) · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Hotsonite	8.DF.05	Al₁₁(SO₄)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂₁ · 16H₂O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Fayalite	9.AC.05	Fe²⁺₂SiO₄
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTi(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Hedenbergite	9.DA.15	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Aegirine	9.DA.25	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Arfvedsonite	9.DE.25	[Na][Na₂][Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Riebeckite	9.DE.25	◻[Na₂][Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Aenigmatite	9.DH.40	Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
ⓘ	Prehnite	9.DP.20	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite var. Illite	9.EC.15	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
ⓘ		9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Stevensite	9.EC.45	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Vermiculite	9.EC.50	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Clinochlore	9.EC.55	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
ⓘ	Corrensite	9.EC.60	(Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Kaolinite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Sanidine	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	var. Andesine	9.FA.35	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	Anorthite	9.FA.35	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
ⓘ	Albite var. Anorthoclase	9.FA.35	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
ⓘ	Anorthite var. Bytownite	9.FA.35	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	var. Labradorite	9.FA.35	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	Wairakite	9.GB.05	Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Laumontite	9.GB.10	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	Mordenite	9.GD.35	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
ⓘ	Barrerite	9.GE.15	Na₂(Si₇Al₂)O₁₈ · 6H₂O
ⓘ	Stellerite	9.GE.15	Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Unclassified
ⓘ	'K Feldspar var. Adularia'	-	KAlSi₃O₈
ⓘ	'Alkali Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Clinoptilolite Subgroup'	-	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
ⓘ	'Heulandite Subgroup'	-	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Stilbite Subgroup'	-	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Wad'	-
ⓘ	'Kerolite'	-	(Mg,Ni)₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · nH₂O (n ~ 1)
ⓘ	'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Plagioclase'	-	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Pyroxene Group'	-	ADSi₂O₆
ⓘ	'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Smectite Group'	-	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Glass'	-
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ	'Olivine Group'	-	M₂SiO₄
ⓘ	'Sodic plagioclase'	-

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	[Na][Na₂][Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Barrerite	Na₂(Si₇Al₂)O₁₈ · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Bischofite	MgCl₂ · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Brushite	Ca(PO₃OH) · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Carnallite	KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
H	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
H	ⓘ Corrensite	(Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Dawsonite	NaAlCO₃(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Hotsonite	Al₁₁(SO₄)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂₁ · 16H₂O
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
H	ⓘ Kainite	KMg(SO₄)Cl · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻[Na₂][Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Stellerite	Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
H	ⓘ Stevensite	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Wairakite	Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Kerolite	(Mg,Ni)₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · nH₂O (n ~ 1)
H	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Dawsonite	NaAlCO₃(OH)₂
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
O	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Agate	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
O	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
O	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
O	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	[Na][Na₂][Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Barrerite	Na₂(Si₇Al₂)O₁₈ · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Bischofite	MgCl₂ · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Brushite	Ca(PO₃OH) · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Carnallite	KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
O	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
O	ⓘ Corrensite	(Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Dawsonite	NaAlCO₃(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Fayalite	Fe₂²⁺SiO₄
O	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Hotsonite	Al₁₁(SO₄)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂₁ · 16H₂O
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
O	ⓘ Kainite	KMg(SO₄)Cl · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻[Na₂][Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Stellerite	Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
O	ⓘ Stevensite	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
O	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Wairakite	Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Kerolite	(Mg,Ni)₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · nH₂O (n ~ 1)
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Sceptre Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
O	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
O	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
O	ⓘ Olivine Group	M₂SiO₄
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
Na	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	[Na][Na₂][Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Barrerite	Na₂(Si₇Al₂)O₁₈ · 6H₂O
Na	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
Na	ⓘ Dawsonite	NaAlCO₃(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Halite	NaCl
Na	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
Na	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
Na	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻[Na₂][Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Stevensite	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Bischofite	MgCl₂ · 6H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Carnallite	KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Mg	ⓘ Corrensite	(Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O
Mg	ⓘ Kainite	KMg(SO₄)Cl · 3H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Stevensite	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Kerolite	(Mg,Ni)₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · nH₂O (n ~ 1)
Mg	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
Al	ⓘ Barrerite	Na₂(Si₇Al₂)O₁₈ · 6H₂O
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Al	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
Al	ⓘ Corrensite	(Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Dawsonite	NaAlCO₃(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Hotsonite	Al₁₁(SO₄)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂₁ · 16H₂O
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
Al	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Stellerite	Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Al	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Al	ⓘ Wairakite	Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
Al	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
Si	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Agate	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
Si	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	[Na][Na₂][Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Barrerite	Na₂(Si₇Al₂)O₁₈ · 6H₂O
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Si	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
Si	ⓘ Corrensite	(Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Fayalite	Fe₂²⁺SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
Si	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻[Na₂][Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Stellerite	Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Si	ⓘ Stevensite	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Si	ⓘ Wairakite	Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Kerolite	(Mg,Ni)₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · nH₂O (n ~ 1)
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Sceptre Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Si	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Olivine Group	M₂SiO₄
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Brushite	Ca(PO₃OH) · 2H₂O
P	ⓘ Hotsonite	Al₁₁(SO₄)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂₁ · 16H₂O
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Acanthite	Ag₂S
S	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
S	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
S	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
S	ⓘ Digenite	Cu₉S₅
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Hotsonite	Al₁₁(SO₄)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂₁ · 16H₂O
S	ⓘ Kainite	KMg(SO₄)Cl · 3H₂O
S	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Native Sulphur	S₈
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Bischofite	MgCl₂ · 6H₂O
Cl	ⓘ Carnallite	KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O
Cl	ⓘ Halite	NaCl
Cl	ⓘ Kainite	KMg(SO₄)Cl · 3H₂O
Cl	ⓘ Sylvite	KCl
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
K	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Carnallite	KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O
K	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
K	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
K	ⓘ Kainite	KMg(SO₄)Cl · 3H₂O
K	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Sylvite	KCl
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Ca	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Brushite	Ca(PO₃OH) · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
Ca	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Stellerite	Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Stevensite	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ca	ⓘ Wairakite	Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ti	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Fe	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	[Na][Na₂][Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Corrensite	(Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite	Fe₂²⁺SiO₄
Fe	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻[Na₂][Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Kerolite	(Mg,Ni)₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · nH₂O (n ~ 1)
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
Cu	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
Cu	ⓘ Native Copper	Cu
Cu	ⓘ Digenite	Cu₉S₅
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Acanthite	Ag₂S
Ag	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Ag	ⓘ Hessite	Ag₂Te
Ag	ⓘ Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
Ag	ⓘ Native Silver	Ag
Te	Tellurium
Te	ⓘ Hessite	Ag₂Te
Te	ⓘ Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
Pt	Platinum
Pt	ⓘ Native Platinum	Pt
Au	Gold
Au	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Au	ⓘ Native Gold	Au
Au	ⓘ Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Cenozoic : 25 ± 0.9 Ma to Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic Time

Rocks, Minerals and Events

ⓘ Obsidian (youngest age)

Boina Volcanic Region, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Pleistocene

ⓘ Obsidian (oldest age)	0.044 ± 0.0105 Ma	Boina Volcanic Region, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
ⓘ Comenditic rhyolite	2.3 ± 0.2 Ma	Babba Olou Volcanic centre, Dikhil Region, Djibouti

Neogene

Miocene

ⓘ Granite

22.0 Ma

Asa Ale Granite, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Paleogene

Oligocene

ⓘ Peralkaline alkali-feldspar-granite

25 ± 0.9 Ma

Affara Dara Peralkaline Granite, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Fossils

There are 86 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences

1021

Youngest Fossil Listed

0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)

Oldest Fossil Listed

166 Ma (Middle Jurassic)

Stratigraphic Units

Click here to view 33 stratigraphic units.

Fossils from Region

Click here to show the list.

Accepted Name	Hierarchy	Age
Milleporidium genus	Animalia : Porifera : Demospongiae : Axinellida : *Milleporidium*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Stellispongia genus	Animalia : Porifera : Calcarea : Stellispongiidae : *Stellispongia*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Scleractinia order	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Stylina genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylinidae : *Stylina*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Serpula genus	Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Serpulidae : *Serpula*	166.1 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Turbo genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Turbo*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Canarium genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Strombidae : *Canarium*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Strombus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Strombidae : *Strombus*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Tibia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Rostellariidae : *Tibia*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Chicoreus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Chicoreus*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Mitra (Chrysame) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Mitridae : Mitra : *Mitra (Chrysame)*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Columbella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Columbellidae : *Columbella*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Conus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Conidae : *Conus*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Vexillum (Costellaria) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Costellariidae : Vexillum : *Vexillum (Costellaria)*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Drillia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Drilliidae : *Drillia*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Nassa genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Nassa*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Oliva genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Olividae : *Oliva*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Terebra genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Terebridae : *Terebra*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Turris genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Turridae : *Turris*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Anavirgatites genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : *Anavirgatites*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Nucula genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculanida : Nuculanidae : *Nucula*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Anadara genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : *Anadara*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Barbatia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : *Barbatia*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Limopsis genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Limopsidae : *Limopsis*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Lima genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Limida : Limidae : *Lima*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Liostrea genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : *Liostrea*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Lopha genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : *Lopha*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Spondylus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Spondylidae : *Spondylus*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Callista genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : *Callista*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Cardium genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : *Cardium*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Crassatella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Crassatellidae : *Crassatella*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Dosinia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : *Dosinia*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Ervillia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Mesodesmatidae : *Ervillia*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Tivela genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : *Tivela*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Trachycardium genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : *Trachycardium*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Unicardium genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Mactromyidae : *Unicardium*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Venericardia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Carditidae : *Venericardia*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Venus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : *Venus*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Rhynchonellida order	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Somalirhynchia genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : *Somalirhynchia*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Terebratulida order	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Kutchithyris genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Postepithyrididae : *Kutchithyris*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Echinodermata phylum	Animalia : Echinodermata	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Cidaris genus	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Cidaroida : Cidaridae : *Cidaris*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Osteichthyes unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Amphibia class	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Reptilia class	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Aves class	Animalia : Chordata : Aves	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Mammalia class	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Enhydriodon genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Enhydriodon*	11.62 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Geochelone genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : *Geochelone*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Lacertilia suborder	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Lacertilia	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Python genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Pythonidae : *Python*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Crocodylidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Crocodylus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae : *Crocodylus*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Falconiformes order	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Falconiformes	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Pandion genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Pandionidae : *Pandion*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Ardeidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pelecaniformes : Ardeidae	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Ardea genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pelecaniformes : Ardeidae : *Ardea*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Podiceps genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Podicipediformes : Podicipedidae : *Podiceps*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Phalacrocorax genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Suliformes : Phalacrocoracidae : *Phalacrocorax*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Galeopithecidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Galeopithecidae	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Microchiroptera suborder	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera : Microchiroptera	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Cercopithecidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Cercocebus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Cercocebus*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Colobus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Colobus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Libypithecus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Libypithecus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Macaca genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Macaca*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Papio genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Papio*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Paracolobus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Paracolobus*	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Parapapio genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Parapapio*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Theropithecus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Theropithecus*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Hominidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Australopithecus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : *Australopithecus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Homo genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : *Homo*	3.6 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Viverridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverridae	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Genetta genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverridae : *Genetta*	11.62 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Helogale genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : *Helogale*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Herpestes genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : *Herpestes*	11.62 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Viverra genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverridae : *Viverra*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Hyaenidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae	11.62 - 0.126 Ma Cenozoic
Chasmaporthetes genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : *Chasmaporthetes*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Hyaenictis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : *Hyaenictis*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Pachycrocuta genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : *Pachycrocuta*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Percrocuta genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : *Percrocuta*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Felidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Dinofelis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : *Dinofelis*	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Felis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : *Felis*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Homotherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : *Homotherium*	13.82 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Machairodus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : *Machairodus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Megantereon genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : *Megantereon*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Panthera genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : *Panthera*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Mustelidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Mellivora genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Mellivora*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Plesiogulo genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Plesiogulo*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Canidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae	5.333 - 0.126 Ma Cenozoic
Nyctereutes genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : *Nyctereutes*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Ursidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Agriotherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hemicyonidae : *Agriotherium*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Rodentia order	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia	13.82 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Sciuridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Xerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Xerus*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Cricetidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Tatera genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Tatera*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Muridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Lemniscomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Lemniscomys*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Mus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Mus*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Saidomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Saidomys*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Hystricidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Hystrix genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae : *Hystrix*	11.62 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Xenohystrix genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae : *Xenohystrix*	11.62 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Paraphiomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae : *Paraphiomys*	13.82 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Thryonomyidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Paraulacodus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae : *Paraulacodus*	13.82 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Thryonomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae : *Thryonomys*	11.62 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Leporidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Leporidae	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Lepus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Leporidae : *Lepus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Suidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae	13.82 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Kolpochoerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : *Kolpochoerus*	11.62 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Metridiochoerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : *Metridiochoerus*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Notochoerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : *Notochoerus*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Nyanzachoerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : *Nyanzachoerus*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Hippopotamidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae	13.82 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Hexaprotodon genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : *Hexaprotodon*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Hippopotamus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : *Hippopotamus*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Giraffidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Giraffa genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : *Giraffa*	11.62 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Palaeotragus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : *Palaeotragus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Sivatherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : *Sivatherium*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Bovidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Aepyceros genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Aepyceros*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Antidorcas genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Antidorcas*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Beatragus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Beatragus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Bos genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Bos*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Damaliscus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Damaliscus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Damalops genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Damalops*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Gazella genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Gazella*	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Hippotragus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Hippotragus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Kobus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Kobus*	11.62 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Madoqua genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Madoqua*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Oryx genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Oryx*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Pelorovis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Pelorovis*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Prostrepsiceros genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Prostrepsiceros*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Raphicerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Raphicerus*	11.62 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Redunca genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Redunca*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Syncerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Syncerus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Tragelaphus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Tragelaphus*	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Tragoportax genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Tragoportax*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Ugandax genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Ugandax*	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Equidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Equus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : *Equus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Hipparion genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : *Hipparion*	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Rhinocerotidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Brachypotherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Brachypotherium*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Ceratotherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Ceratotherium*	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Dicerorhinus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Dicerorhinus*	13.82 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Diceros genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Diceros*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Gomphotheriidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Gomphotheriidae	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Anancus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : *Anancus*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Tetralophodon genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : *Tetralophodon*	13.82 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Elephantidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Elephas genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : *Elephas*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Loxodonta genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : *Loxodonta*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Mammuthus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : *Mammuthus*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Stegodon genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Stegodontidae : *Stegodon*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Deinotherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : *Deinotherium*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Orycteropus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Tubulidentata : Orycteropodidae : *Orycteropus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Crocuta genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : *Crocuta*	3.6 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Praomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Praomys*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Ophidia suborder	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Ophidia	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Lutrinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Lutrinae	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Hippotragini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Hippotragini	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Testudines order	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Arca (Arca) navicularis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Arca : *Arca (Arca) navicularis*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Chama lazarus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Chamidae : Chama : *Chama lazarus*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Mimachlamys senatoria species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Chlamys : *Mimachlamys senatoria*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Strombus (Gibberulus) gibberulus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Strombidae : Strombus : *Strombus (Gibberulus) gibberulus*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Exelissa genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cerithiidae : *Exelissa*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Paraxerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Paraxerus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Melosira genus	Chromista : Ochrophyta : Bacillariophyceae : Melosirales : Melosiraceae : *Melosira*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Hyaenictitherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : *Hyaenictitherium*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Archaeopotamus harvardi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Archaeopotamus : *Archaeopotamus harvardi*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Hexaprotodon bruneti species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hexaprotodon : *Hexaprotodon bruneti*	3.6 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Hippopotamus amphibius species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hippopotamus : *Hippopotamus amphibius*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Hippopotamus gorgops species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hippopotamus : *Hippopotamus gorgops*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Hexaprotodon coryndoni species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hexaprotodon : *Hexaprotodon coryndoni*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Praeanthropus africanus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Praeanthropus : *Praeanthropus africanus*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Ardipithecus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : *Ardipithecus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Homo sapiens species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Homo : *Homo sapiens*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Ardipithecus ramidus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Ardipithecus : *Ardipithecus ramidus*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Chama macerophylla species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Chamidae : Chama : *Chama macerophylla*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Clanculus (Clanculus) pharaonius species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochidae : Clanculus : *Clanculus (Clanculus) pharaonius*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Hyotissa hyotis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Hyotissa : *Hyotissa hyotis*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Cercopithecinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Cercopithecinae	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Chlorocebus aethiops species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Chlorocebus : *Chlorocebus aethiops*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Caprini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Caprini	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Equus tabeti species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equus : *Equus tabeti*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Bovinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bovinae	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Ancilla (Sparella) cinnamomea species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Olividae : Ancilla : *Ancilla (Sparella) cinnamomea*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Scapharca (Cunearca) rhombea species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Anadara : *Scapharca (Cunearca) rhombea*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Antilopinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Antilopinae	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Bovini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bovini	11.62 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Tragelaphini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphini	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Boselaphini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Boselaphini	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Reduncini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Reduncini	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Alcelaphini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphini	11.62 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Dosinia histrio species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Dosinia : *Dosinia histrio*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Corbula (Anisocorbula) taheitensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadida : Corbulidae : Corbula : *Corbula (Anisocorbula) taheitensis*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Gerbillinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : Gerbillinae	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Papio hamadryas species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Papio : *Papio hamadryas*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Diceros bicornis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Diceros : *Diceros bicornis*	11.62 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Dendromurinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Nesomyidae : Dendromurinae	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Tachyoryctes genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Spalacidae : *Tachyoryctes*	11.62 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Hystrix cristata species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae : Hystrix : *Hystrix cristata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Terebra (Duplicaria) duplicata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Terebridae : Duplicaria : *Terebra (Duplicaria) duplicata*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Arca clathrata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Arca : *Arca clathrata*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Dendostrea crenulifera species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Dendostrea : *Dendostrea crenulifera*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Circe corrugata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Circe : *Circe corrugata*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Joannisiella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Ungulinidae : *Joannisiella*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Natica (Natica) mamilla species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Natica : *Natica (Natica) mamilla*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Conus catus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Conidae : Conus : *Conus catus*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Conus arenatus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Conidae : Conus : *Conus arenatus*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Circe pectinata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Circe : *Circe pectinata*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Ceratotherium simum species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Ceratotherium : *Ceratotherium simum*	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Asaphis deflorata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Psammobiidae : Asaphis : *Asaphis deflorata*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Polinices peselephanti species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Polinices : *Polinices peselephanti*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Lioconcha (Lioconcha) ornata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Lioconcha : *Lioconcha (Lioconcha) ornata*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Lophiotoma cingulifera species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Turridae : Lophiotoma : *Lophiotoma cingulifera*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Xestosina subsella species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Postepithyrididae : Xestosina : *Xestosina subsella*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Xestosina suprajurensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Postepithyrididae : Xestosina : *Xestosina suprajurensis*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Hippotherium primigenium species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Hippotherium : *Hippotherium primigenium*	13.82 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Clarias genus	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Clariidae : *Clarias*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Entolium demissus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Entolium : *Entolium demissus*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Eurygnathohippus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : *Eurygnathohippus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Eurygnathohippus turkanense species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Eurygnathohippus : *Eurygnathohippus turkanense*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Eurygnathohippus afarense species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Eurygnathohippus : *Eurygnathohippus afarense*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Phacochoerus aethiopicus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Phacochoerus : *Phacochoerus aethiopicus*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Theropithecus oswaldi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Theropithecus : *Theropithecus oswaldi*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Palaeoloxodon recki species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Elephas : *Palaeoloxodon recki*	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Kolpochoerus majus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Kolpochoerus : *Kolpochoerus majus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Kolpochoerus limnetes species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Kolpochoerus : *Kolpochoerus limnetes*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Metridiochoerus andrewsi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Metridiochoerus : *Metridiochoerus andrewsi*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Giraffa jumae species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Giraffa : *Giraffa jumae*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Sivatherium maurusium species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Sivatherium : *Sivatherium maurusium*	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Pelorovis oldowayensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Pelorovis : *Pelorovis oldowayensis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Connochaetes taurina species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Connochaetes : *Connochaetes taurina*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Connochaetes genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Connochaetes*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Connochaetes gentryi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Connochaetes : *Connochaetes gentryi*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Glycymeris pectunculus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Glycymerididae : Glycymeris : *Glycymeris pectunculus*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Conus generalis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Conidae : Conus : *Conus generalis*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Alcelaphus buselaphus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphus : *Alcelaphus buselaphus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Kobus ellipsiprymnus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : *Kobus ellipsiprymnus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Redunca redunca species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Redunca : *Redunca redunca*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Plicatula plicata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Plicatulidae : Plicatula : *Plicatula plicata*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Aonyx capensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Aonyx : *Aonyx capensis*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Deinotherium bozasi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : Deinotherium : *Deinotherium bozasi*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Crocodylus niloticus species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae : Crocodylus : *Crocodylus niloticus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Atherurus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae : *Atherurus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Neotragini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Neotragini	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Anancus kenyensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Anancus : *Anancus kenyensis*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Stegotetrabelodon orbus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Stegotetrabelodon : *Stegotetrabelodon orbus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Stegodibelodon schneideri species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Stegodibelodon : *Stegodibelodon schneideri*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Daghanirhynchia subversabilis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Daghanirhynchia : *Daghanirhynchia subversabilis*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Burmirhynchia cavagnarii species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Burmirhynchia : *Burmirhynchia cavagnarii*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Burmirhynchia weiri species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Burmirhynchia : *Burmirhynchia weiri*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Somalirhynchia africana species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Somalirhynchia : *Somalirhynchia africana*	166.1 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Somalirhynchia bihendulensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Somalirhynchia : *Somalirhynchia bihendulensis*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Somalirhynchia bihenensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Somalirhynchia : *Somalirhynchia bihenensis*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Somalirhynchia somalica species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Somalirhynchia : *Somalirhynchia somalica*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Tubithyris wylliei species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Lobothyrididae : Tubithyris : *Tubithyris wylliei*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Tubithyris jubaensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Lobothyrididae : Tubithyris : *Tubithyris jubaensis*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Grammatodon (Indogrammatodon) egertonianus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Parallelodontidae : Grammatodon : *Grammatodon (Indogrammatodon) egertonianus*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Arcomytilus laitmairensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Arcomytilus : *Arcomytilus laitmairensis*	166.1 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Inoperna perplicata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Inoperna : *Inoperna perplicata*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Eligmus aualites species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Eligmidae : Eligmus : *Eligmus aualites*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Actinostreon gregareum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Palaeolophidae : Actinostreon : *Actinostreon gregareum*	166.1 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Gryphaea costellata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Gryphaea : *Gryphaea costellata*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Nanogyra (Nanogyra) nana species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Nanogyra : *Nanogyra (Nanogyra) nana*	166.1 - 145 Ma Jurassic
Pholadomya (Bucardiomya) protei species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyida : Pholadomyidae : Pholadomya : *Pholadomya (Bucardiomya) protei*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Stegodon kaisensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Stegodontidae : Stegodon : *Stegodon kaisensis*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Zeilleria humeralis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Zeilleriidae : Zeilleria : *Zeilleria humeralis*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Recrosalenia somaliensis species	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Phymosomatoida : Heterodiadematidae : Recrosalenia : *Recrosalenia somaliensis*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Sellithyris engeli species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Sellithyrididae : Sellithyris : *Sellithyris engeli*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Musculus somaliensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Crenellidae : Musculus : *Musculus somaliensis*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Somalirhynchia jordanica species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Somalirhynchia : *Somalirhynchia jordanica*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Somalirhynchia smelliei species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Somalirhynchia : *Somalirhynchia smelliei*	166.1 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Loboidothyris vinassai species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Loboidothyrididae : Loboidothyris : *Loboidothyris vinassai*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Zeilleria astartina species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Zeilleriidae : Zeilleria : *Zeilleria astartina*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Zittelina orbis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Kingenidae : Zittelina : *Zittelina orbis*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Modiola tulipea species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Modiolus : *Modiola tulipea*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Lima costulata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Limida : Limidae : Lima : *Lima costulata*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Exogyra solea species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Exogyra : *Exogyra solea*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Lopha stefaninii species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Lopha : *Lopha stefaninii*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Astarte dancalensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Astartidae : Astarte : *Astarte dancalensis*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Protocardia eduliformis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Protocardia : *Protocardia eduliformis*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Mactromya rugosa species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Mactromyidae : Mactromya : *Mactromya rugosa*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Anatina parvula species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Anatinellidae : Anatina : *Anatina parvula*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Idoceras rufanum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Perisphinctidae : Idoceras : *Idoceras rufanum*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Serpula conformis species	Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Serpulidae : Serpula : *Serpula conformis*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Hemicidaris abyssinica species	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Hemicidaridae : Hemicidaris : *Hemicidaris abyssinica*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Orycteropus djourabensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Tubulidentata : Orycteropodidae : Orycteropus : *Orycteropus djourabensis*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Ostrea forskali species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Ostrea : *Ostrea forskali*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Chama brassica species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Chamidae : Chama : *Chama brassica*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Chama asperella species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Chamidae : Chama : *Chama asperella*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Chama aspersa species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Chamidae : Chama : *Chama aspersa*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Dosinia sculpta species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Dosinia : *Dosinia sculpta*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Divaricella macandreae species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Divaricella : *Divaricella macandreae*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Mactra lilacea species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Mactridae : Mactra : *Mactra lilacea*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Corbula acutangula species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadida : Corbulidae : Corbula : *Corbula acutangula*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Cerithium adenense species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Cerithiidae : Cerithium : *Cerithium adenense*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Hippopotamus afarensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hippopotamus : *Hippopotamus afarensis*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Hexaprotodon dulu species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hexaprotodon : *Hexaprotodon dulu*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Cymatorhynchia quadriplicata species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Cymatorhynchia : *Cymatorhynchia quadriplicata*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Francolinus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Phasianidae : *Francolinus*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Enhydriodon dikikae species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Enhydriodon : *Enhydriodon dikikae*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Palaeotragini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Palaeotragini	13.82 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Giraffa stillei species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Giraffa : *Giraffa stillei*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Giraffa pygmaea species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Giraffa : *Giraffa pygmaea*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Viverra leakeyi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverridae : Viverra : *Viverra leakeyi*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Primelephas korotorensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Primelephas : *Primelephas korotorensis*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Colobus guereza species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Colobus : *Colobus guereza*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Crocuta crocuta species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : Crocuta : *Crocuta crocuta*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Canis mesomelas species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Canis : *Canis mesomelas*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Cercopithecus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Cercopithecus*	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Colobinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Colobinae	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Tragelaphus scriptus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus : *Tragelaphus scriptus*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Tragelaphus strepsiceros species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus : *Tragelaphus strepsiceros*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Aepyceros melampus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Aepyceros : *Aepyceros melampus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Poecilogale genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Poecilogale*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Kobus kob species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : *Kobus kob*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Equus quagga burchelli subspecies	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equus : *Equus quagga burchelli*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Heterobranchus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Clariidae : *Heterobranchus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Mytilus autissiodorensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Mytilus : *Mytilus autissiodorensis*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Rectangulata suborder	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomata : Rectangulata	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Erosaria turdus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cypraeidae : Erosaria : *Erosaria turdus*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Phalacrocorax carbo species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Suliformes : Phalacrocoracidae : Phalacrocorax : *Phalacrocorax carbo*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Nordenskjoldia natalensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Parallelodontidae : Grammatodon : *Nordenskjoldia natalensis*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Anhinga melanogaster species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Suliformes : Anhingidae : Anhinga : *Anhinga melanogaster*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Plectropterus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : *Plectropterus*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Mesembriportax acrae species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Mesembriportax : *Mesembriportax acrae*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Ugandax gautieri species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Ugandax : *Ugandax gautieri*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Simatherium demissum species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Simatherium : *Simatherium demissum*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Praemadoqua avifluminis species	Praemadoqua : *Praemadoqua avifluminis*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Adenota recki species	Adenota : *Adenota recki*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Numidocapra crassicornis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Numidocapra : *Numidocapra crassicornis*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Rabaticeras arambourgi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Numidocapra : *Rabaticeras arambourgi*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Damalops sidihakomai species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Damalops : *Damalops sidihakomai*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Alcelaphus kattwinkeli species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphus : *Alcelaphus kattwinkeli*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Beatragus antiquus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Beatragus : *Beatragus antiquus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Beatragus whitei species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Beatragus : *Beatragus whitei*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Parmularius pandatus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Parmularius : *Parmularius pandatus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Parmularius angusticornis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Parmularius : *Parmularius angusticornis*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Hippotragus niro species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Hippotragus : *Hippotragus niro*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Damaliscus ademassui species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Damaliscus : *Damaliscus ademassui*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Awashia suwai species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Awashia : *Awashia suwai*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Nitidarcus asfawi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Nitidarcus : *Nitidarcus asfawi*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Bouria anngettyae species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bouria : *Bouria anngettyae*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Kobus porrecticornis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : *Kobus porrecticornis*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Kobus subdolus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : *Kobus subdolus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Kobus sigmoidalis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : *Kobus sigmoidalis*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Kobus leche species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : *Kobus leche*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Hippotragus gigas species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Hippotragus : *Hippotragus gigas*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Praedamalis deturi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Praedamalis : *Praedamalis deturi*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Parmularius rugosus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Parmularius : *Parmularius rugosus*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Propotamochoerus devauxi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Propotamochoerus : *Propotamochoerus devauxi*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Sivachoerus syrticus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Sivachoerus : *Sivachoerus syrticus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Sus waylandi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Sus : *Sus waylandi*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Nyanzachoerus kanamensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Nyanzachoerus : *Nyanzachoerus kanamensis*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Nyanzachoerus jaegeri species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Nyanzachoerus : *Nyanzachoerus jaegeri*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Hylochoerus euilus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Hylochoerus : *Hylochoerus euilus*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Gerontochoerus scotti species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Gerontochoerus : *Gerontochoerus scotti*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Pecarichoerus africanus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tayassuidae : Pecarichoerus : *Pecarichoerus africanus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Kolpochoerus afarensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Kolpochoerus : *Kolpochoerus afarensis*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Kolpochoerus phacochoeroides species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Kolpochoerus : *Kolpochoerus phacochoeroides*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Metridiochoerus hopwoodi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Metridiochoerus : *Metridiochoerus hopwoodi*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Metridiochoerus compactus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Metridiochoerus : *Metridiochoerus compactus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Torolutra genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Torolutra*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Australopithecus garhi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Australopithecus : *Australopithecus garhi*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Australopithecus deyiremeda species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Australopithecus : *Australopithecus deyiremeda*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Dinopithecus ingens species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Dinopithecus : *Dinopithecus ingens*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Parapapio lothagamensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Parapapio : *Parapapio lothagamensis*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Parapapio jonesi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Parapapio : *Parapapio jonesi*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic

Fossil Localities

Click to show 86 fossil localities

Djibouti

Pleistocene🐚 Akoulta
Pleistocene🐚 Loyada
Pleistocene🐚 Obock II
Dikhil Region
- Cenozoic🐚 Anabo Koma

Eritrea

Southern Red Sea Region
- Jurassic🐚 Adailo
- Jurassic🐚 Alas
- Jurassic🐚 Albaba
- Jurassic🐚 Amarti
- Jurassic🐚 Buluc Bui
- Jurassic🐚 Dara
- Jurassic🐚 K 117 Danakil Alps
- Jurassic🐚 K 198 Danakil Alps
- Jurassic🐚 Macul
- Jurassic🐚 Marajum Valley
- Jurassic🐚 Modaito Mumo
- Jurassic🐚 Ona
- Jurassic🐚 Rasseitu
- Jurassic🐚 Sciua

Ethiopia

Afar Region
- Neogene🐚 Amba East
- Neogene🐚 Asa Issie
- Cenozoic🐚 Australopithecus deyiremeda - type locality
- Cenozoic🐚 Bouri-Hata
- Neogene🐚 DIK-56
- Cenozoic🐚 Dikika - DIK.1
- Cenozoic🐚 First Family
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.116
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.128
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.137
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.145
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.147
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.161
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.162
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.166
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.188
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.198
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.199
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.207
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.211
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.228
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.241
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.249
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.266
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.277

Ethiopia

Afar Region
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.288
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.322
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.327
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.333
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.388
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.400
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.58
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - DD General
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - KH General
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - SH General
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar A.L. 444
- Jurassic🐚 K 223 Alaita Hill
- Cenozoic🐚 Maka & Belohdelie
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash
- Neogene🐚 Middle Awash - Adu mbr.
- Neogene🐚 Middle Awash - Adu-Asa fm.
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Amado Beds
- Pleistocene🐚 Middle Awash - Andalee
- Quaternary🐚 Middle Awash - Andalee mbr.
- Neogene🐚 Middle Awash - Aramis mbr.
- Neogene🐚 Middle Awash - Beearyada Beds
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Bikirmali Beds
- Neogene🐚 Middle Awash - Bikirmali Koma
- Quaternary🐚 Middle Awash - Bouri
- Miocene🐚 Middle Awash - Chorora fm.
- Quaternary🐚 Middle Awash - Dakanihyalo mbr
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Gamedah 1
- Quaternary🐚 Middle Awash - Hargufia
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Issie
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Kalaloo Mbr.
- Neogene🐚 Middle Awash - Kuseralee Dora
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Matabaietu fm.
- Quaternary🐚 Middle Awash - Meadura mbr.
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Sagantole fm.
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Wilti Dora
- Neogene🐚 Middle Awsh - Saitune Dora
- Jurassic🐚 Mt. Uerta
- Jurassic🐚 Roda
- Jurassic🐚 Sagan
- Pleistocene🐚 Upper Herto Member near Bouri
- Cenozoic🐚 upper Maka

Red Sea

Pleistocene🐚 Ras Doumeira dunes

Other Databases

Wikipedia:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afar_Triangle
Wikidata ID:	Q217223

Localities in this Region

Africa

Afar Triangle (Afar Depression)
- ⭔Danakil Depression

Djibouti

Ali Sabieh Region
- Ali Sabieh Horst
Arta Region
- Asa Leyta
Dikhil Region
- Babba Olou Volcanic centre
- Hes Daba
Obock Region
- ⭔Alaili Dadda
Tadjourah Region

Ethiopia

Afar Region
- Awsi Rasu
- Fanti Rasu
- Gabi Rasu
  - Ayelu-Aabida Twin Volcano
  - Yangudi Volcano
- Kilbet Rasu
  - Affara Dara Peralkaline Granite

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

AfricaContinent

Afar Triangle (Afar Depression)
- Danakil DepressionDepression

African PlateTectonic Plate

Aden-Abiyan basinBasin
East African Rift
- Ethiopian RiftNarrow Rift

African Plate

Red Sea basinBasin
Southern Gulf of Aden basinBasin

Arabian PlateTectonic Plate

Ethiopia

Afar Region
- Kilbet Rasu
  - Erta Ale Volcanic RangeVolcanic Province

Somali PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Tazieff, Haroun (1970) The Afar Triangle. Scientific American, 222 (2) 32-41 doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0270-32

Fairhead, J. D.; Girdler, R. W. (1970) A discussion on the structure and evolution of the Red Sea and the nature of the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Ethiopia rift junction - The seismicity of the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Afar triangle. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 267 (1181). 49-74 doi:10.1098/rsta.1970.0023

TAZIEFF, H., VARET, J., BARBERI, F., GIGLIA, G. (1972) Tectonic Significance of the Afar (or Danakil) Depression. Nature, 235 (5334). 144-147 doi:10.1038/235144a0

Barberi, F.; Santacroce, R.; Varet, J. (1974) Silicic peralkaline volcanic rocks of the Afar Depression (Ethiopia). Bulletin Volcanologique, 38 (2). 755-790 doi:10.1007/bf02596907

Barberi, F., FERRARA, G., SANTACROCE, R., & Varet, J. (1975). Structural evolution of the Afar triple junction. In: Pilger, A., & Rösler, A. (1976). Afar depression of Ethiopia. Inter-Union Commission on Geodynamics, Scientific Report 14, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nagele u. Obermiller), Stuttgart, 38-54.

Souriot, T., Brun, J.-P. (1992) Faulting and block rotation in the Afar triangle, East Africa: The Danakil "crank-arm" model. Geology, 20 (10) 911 doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0911:fabrit>2.3.co;2

Abbate, Ernesto, Passerini, Pietro, Zan, Leonardo (1995) Strike-slip faults in a rift area: a transect in the Afar Triangle, East Africa. Tectonophysics, 241 (1) 67-97 doi:10.1016/0040-1951(94)00136-w

Mammo, Tilahun (2004) Mapping the Crust-Mantle Boundary Beneath Afar Depression. Gondwana Research, 7 (3) 855-861 doi:10.1016/s1342-937x(05)71069-8

Waltham, Tony (2005) Extension tectonics in the Afar Triangle. Geology Today, 21 (3) 101-107 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2005.00510.x

Mazzarini, Francesco (2007) Vent distribution and crustal thickness in stretched continental crust: The case of the Afar Depression (Ethiopia). Geosphere, 3 (3). 152-162 doi:10.1130/ges00070.1

Martin-Jones, C.M., Lane, C.S., Pearce, N.J.G., Smith, V.C., Lamb, H.F., Oppenheimer, C., Asrat, A., Schaebitz, F. (2017) Glass compositions and tempo of post-17 ka eruptions from the Afar Triangle recorded in sediments from lakes Ashenge and Hayk, Ethiopia. Quaternary Geochronology, 37. 15-31 doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2016.10.001

Martin-Jones, C.M., Lane, C.S., Pearce, N.J.G., Smith, V.C., Lamb, H.F., Oppenheimer, C., Asrat, A., Schaebitz, F. (2017) Reprint of Glass compositions and tempo of post-17 ka eruptions from the Afar Triangle recorded in sediments from lakes Ashenge and Hayk, Ethiopia. Quaternary Geochronology, 40. 92-108 doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2017.05.005

Rime, Valentin, Foubert, Anneleen, Ruch, Joël, Kidane, Tesfaye (2023) Tectonostratigraphic evolution and significance of the Afar Depression. Earth-Science Reviews, 244. 104519 doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104519

Chen, Biying; Györe, Domokos; Mutia, Thecla; Stuart, Finlay M. (2025) Neon Isotopes in Geothermal Gases From the Kenya Rift Reveal a Common Deep Mantle Source Beneath East Africa. Geophysical Research Letters, 52 (10). doi:10.1029/2025gl115169

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Afar Triangle (Afar Depression), Africa i
Regional Level Types
Afar Triangle (Afar Depression) Depression
Africa Continent