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Ethiopiai
Regional Level Types
Ethiopia Country

Regional Level Types
Ethiopia	Country

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Predictive Mineralogy

Ethiopia 3L Map

Ethiopia

Industrial Mineral Occurrence Map of Ethiopia

Ethiopia

Landscape with hot springs at Dallol volcano

Mount Dallol, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Ethiopia 3L Map

Ethiopia

Industrial Mineral Occurrence Map of Ethiopia

Ethiopia

Landscape with hot springs at Dallol volcano

Mount Dallol, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Ethiopia 3L Map

Ethiopia

Industrial Mineral Occurrence Map of Ethiopia

Ethiopia

Area:

1,104,300 km²

Neighbouring regions:

Type:

Largest Settlements:

Place	Population
Addis Ababa	2,757,729 (2015)
Dire Dawa	252,279 (2015)
Mek'ele	215,546 (2016)
Nazrēt	213,995 (2012)
Bahir Dar	168,899 (2013)
Gondar	153,914 (2018)

Mindat Locality ID:

21874

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:21874:5

GUID (UUID V4):

Other/historical names associated with this locality:

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Other Languages:

View 230 more...

Amharic:

ኢትዮጵያ

French:

Éthiopie

German:

Äthiopien

Italian:

Etiopia

Russian:

Эфиопия

Simplified Chinese:

埃塞俄比亚

Spanish:

Etiopía

Achinese:

Ethiopia

Adyghe:

Эфиопие

Afrikaans:

Ethiopië

Akan:

Ithiopia

Albanian:

Etiopia

Alemannic:

Ethiopie

Anglo-Saxon:

Sigelhearwenaland

Arabic:

إثيوبيا

Aragonese:

Etiopia

Aramaic:

ܟܘܫ

Armenian:

Եթովպիա

Aromanian:

Ethiopia

Asturian:

Etiopía

Avaric:

Хабашистан

Azeri:

Efiopiya

Bambara:

Etiopia

Bashkir:

Эфиопия

Basque:

Etiopia

Bavarian:

Ethiopien

Belarusian:

Эфіопія

Belarusian (Tarashkevitsa):

Этыёпія

Bengali:

ইথিওপিয়া

Bishnupriya Manipuri:

ইথিওপিয়া

Bosnian:

Etiopija

Breton:

Etiopia

Bulgarian:

Етиопия

Burmese:

အီသီယိုးပီးယားနိုင်ငံ

Catalan:

Etiòpia

Cebuano:

Etiopia

Central Bikol:

Etyopya

Central Kurdish/Sorani:

ئەتیۆپیا

Chavacano:

Etiopía

Chechen:

Эфиопи

Cherokee:

ᎢᏗᎣᏈᎠ

Church Slavic:

Єѳїопїꙗ

Chuvash:

Эфиопи

Classical Chinese:

衣索比亞

Cornish:

Ethiopi

Crimean Tatar (Latin):

Abeşistan

Croatian:

Etiopija

Czech:

Etiopie

Danish:

Etiopien

Doteli:

इथियोपिया

Dutch:

Ethiopië

Dzongkha:

ཨི་ཐི་ཡོ་པི་ཡ

Egyptian Arabic:

اثيوبيا

Esperanto:

Etiopio

Estonian:

Etioopia

Ewe:

Etiopia

Extremaduran:

Etiopia

Faroese:

Etiopia

Farsi/Persian:

اتیوپی

Fiji Hindi:

Ethiopia

Finnish:

Etiopia

Franco-Provençal:

Ètiopie

Friulian:

Etiopie

Fula:

Ecoppi

Gagauz:

Efiopiya

Galician:

Etiopía

Gan:

埃塞俄比亞

Georgian:

ეთიოპია

Greek:

Αιθιοπία

Guarani:

Etiopia

Gujarati:

ઇથિયોપિયા

Haitian:

Etyopi

Hakka:

Ethiopia

Hausa:

Habasha

Hawaiian:

‘Aikiopia

Hebrew:

אתיופיה

Hill Mari:

Эфиопи

Hindi:

इथियोपिया

Hungarian:

Etiópia

Icelandic:

Eþíópía

Ido:

Etiopia

Igbo:

Ethiopia

Iloko:

Etiopia

Indonesian:

Ethiopia

Ingush:

Эфиопи

Interlingua:

Ethiopia

Interlingue:

Etiopia

Irish Gaelic:

An Aetóip

Jamaican Patois:

Iityuopia

Japanese:

エチオピア

Javanese:

Étiopia

Judaeo-Spanish:

Etiopia

Kabiye:

Etiyoopii

Kabyle:

Ityupya

Kalmyk:

Эпигопин Ниицән

Kannada:

ಇತಿಯೋಪಿಯ

Kapampangan:

Ethiopia

Karakalpak:

Efiopiya

Kashmiri:

اِتھوپِیا

Kazakh (Cyrillic Script):

Ефиопия

Khmer:

អេត្យូពី

Kikuyu:

Ethiopia

Kinyarwanda:

Etiyopiya

Komi:

Эфиопия

Komi-Permyak:

Итьоппья

Kongo:

Itiopia

Konkani:

इथिओपिया

Korean:

에티오피아

Kurdish (Latin Script):

Etiyopya

Kyrgyz:

Эфиопия

Lao:

ເອທິໂອເປຍ

Latin:

Aethiopia

Latvian:

Etiopija

Lezghian:

Эфиопия

Ligurian:

Etiòpia

Limburgian:

Ethiopië

Lingala:

Etiopi

Lingua Franca Nova:

Itiopia

Lithuanian:

Etiopija

Livvi-Karelian:

Efiopii

Lojban:

itiopias

Lombard:

Etiopia

Low Saxon/Low German:

Äthiopien

Lower Sorbian:

Etiopiska

Luganda:

Ethiopia

Luri:

اتیوپی

Luxembourgish:

Ethiopien

Macedonian:

Етиопија

Maithili:

इथियोपिया

Malagasy:

Etiopia

Malay:

Habsyah

Malayalam:

എത്യോപ്യ

Maltese:

Etjopja

Manx:

Yn Eetoip

Maori:

Etiopia

Marathi:

इथियोपिया

Mazanderani:

اتیوپی

Meadow Mari:

Эфиопий

Min Dong Chinese:

Ethiopia

Minangkabau:

Ethiopia

Mingrelian:

ეთიოპია

Minnan / Hokkien-Taiwanese:

Ethiopia

Mongolian:

Этиоп

Nahuatl:

Etiopia

Nauruan:

Itiyopiya

Navajo:

Iithiyópya

Nepali:

इथियोपिया

Newar / Nepal Bhasa:

इथियोपिया

Norfolk:

Ethiopia

Northern Frisian:

Äthiopien

Northern Sami:

Etiopia

Northern Sotho:

Ethiopia

Norwegian:

Etiopia

Norwegian (Nynorsk):

Etiopia

Novial:

Etiopia

Occitan:

Etiopia

Odia:

ଇଥିଓପିଆ

Ossetian:

Эфиопи

Pali:

ईथ्योपिया

Papiamento:

Ethiopia

Pashto:

اېتوپیا

Piedmontese:

Etiòpia

Polish:

Etiopia

Portuguese:

Etiópia

Punjabi:

ਇਥੋਪੀਆ

Quechua:

Ithiyupya

Ripuarian:

Ättijoopije

Romanian:

Etiopia

Romansh:

Etiopia

Rundi:

Etiyopiya

Russia Buriat:

Этиоп

Rusyn:

Етіопія

Samoan:

Aitiope

Samogitian:

Etiuopėjė

Sango:

Etiopïi

Sanskrit:

ईथ्योपिया

Sardinian:

Etiòpia

Saterland Frisian:

Äthiopien

Scots:

Ethiopie

Scottish Gaelic:

An Itiop

Serbian:

Етиопија

Serbo-Croatian:

Etiopija

Sesotho:

Ethiopia

Shona:

Ethiopia

Sicilian:

Etiopia

Silesian:

Etjopijo

Sindhi:

ايٿوپيا

Sinhalese:

ඉතියෝපියාව

Slovak:

Etiópia

Slovenian:

Etiopija

Somali:

Itoobiya

South Azerbaijani:

اتیوپی

Sranan Tongo:

Ethiopikondre

Sundanese:

Étiopia

Swahili:

Ethiopia

Swati:

ITopiya

Swedish:

Etiopien

Tagalog:

Etiyopiya

Tahitian:

Etiopi

Tajik (Cyrillic Script):

Эфиопия

Tamil:

எதியோப்பியா

Tarantino:

Etiopie

Tatar:

Хәбәшстан

Telugu:

ఇథియోపియా

Thai:

ประเทศเอธิโอเปีย

Tibetan (Standard):

ཨི་ཐི་ཨོ་པི་ཡ།

Tigrinya:

ኢትዮጵያ

Tongan:

ʻItiōpea

Traditional Chinese:

埃塞俄比亞

Tsonga:

Topiya

Turkish:

Etiyopya

Turkmen:

Efiopiýa

Ukrainian:

Ефіопія

Upper Sorbian:

Etiopiska

Urdu:

ایتھوپیا

Uyghur:

ئېفىئوپىيە

Uzbek (Latin Script):

Efiopiya

Venetian:

Etiopia

Veps:

Efiopii

Vietnamese:

Ethiopia

Volapük:

Lätiopän

Võro:

Etioopia

Walloon:

Etiopeye

Waray:

Etiyopya

Welsh:

Ethiopia

West Frisian:

Etioopje

Western Punjabi:

ایتھوپیا

Wolof:

Ecoopi

Wu Chinese:

埃塞俄比亞

Xhosa:

ITopiya

Yakut:

Этиопия

Yiddish:

עטיאפיע

Yoruba:

Ethiópíà

Zazaki:

Etyopya

Zeelandic:

Ethiopië

Zhuang:

Ethiopia

Zulu:

I-Ithiopia

In older literature (e.g. Dana) sometimes listed under the obsolete name "Abyssinia". Note also that some references to "Ethiopia" localities may now be in the newly (since 1993) independent Eritrea (qv).

Ethiopia is divided into ethno-linguistically based regional states (plural: kililoch; singular: kilil) and two astedader (cities). Several changes of province names and areas have happened in the 1990s.

Before 1996, Ethiopia was divided into 13 provinces, many derived from historical regions.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

ⓘ Andrieslombaardite (TL)

ⓘ var. Ferrohedenbergite

ⓘ var. Titanium-bearing Augite

ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'

ⓘ var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore

ⓘ 'Clinoptilolite Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

ⓘ Clinozoisite

ⓘ Cobaltite

ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)

ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'

ⓘ var. Paraíba Tourmaline

ⓘ 'Elbaite-Fluor-elbaite Series'

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

ⓘ 'var. Perthite'

ⓘ Ferronickelplatinum

ⓘ Ferrotorryweiserite

ⓘ 'Heulandite Subgroup'

ⓘ Hollandite

ⓘ Hollingworthite

ⓘ 'Hollingworthite-Irarsite Series'

ⓘ Holmquistite

ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'

ⓘ Hotsonite

ⓘ Hydroxylapatite

ⓘ var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite

ⓘ Ilmenite

ⓘ Irarsite

ⓘ Isoferroplatinum

ⓘ 'Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series'

ⓘ Kingstonite (TL)

ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende

ⓘ Magnesite

ⓘ var. Iron-bearing Magnesite

ⓘ Magnetite

ⓘ var. Chrommagnetite

ⓘ var. Precious Fire Opal

ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Rhombohedral Carbonate'

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup'

ⓘ Tetraferroplatinum

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Group'

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

ⓘ var. Antimony-bearing Tulameenite

ⓘ Turquoise

ⓘ Ullmannite

ⓘ 'UM1981-08-E:FeIrPtRhRu'

ⓘ 'UM1981-13-S:CoFeNiRh'

ⓘ 'UM1981-14-S:CuFeIrNiRh'

ⓘ 'UM1981-15-S:CuFeIrNiRh'

ⓘ 'UM1981-16-S:CuFeIrNiRh'

ⓘ 'UM1981-17-S:CuIrPtRh'

ⓘ 'UM1981-29-Te:BiRh'

ⓘ 'UM1992-24-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh'

ⓘ 'UM1992-31-Sb:AsPdRh'

ⓘ 'Unnamed (Pt-Fe Alloy)'

ⓘ Uraninite

ⓘ 'Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)'

209 valid minerals. 2 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

ⓘ 'Adakite'

ⓘ 'Alkali olivine basalt'

ⓘ Comenditic rhyolite

ⓘ 'Granophyric granite'

ⓘ 'Melanocratic nephelinite'

ⓘ 'Muscovite-biotite granite'

ⓘ Pantelleritic rhyolite

ⓘ 'Pegmatite'

ⓘ 'Peralkaline alkali-feldspar-granite'

ⓘ 'Peralkaline rhyolite'

ⓘ 'Peralkaline trachyte'

ⓘ 'Quartz-feldspar gneiss'

ⓘ 'Riebeckite granite'

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

Localities:

Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Bikilal, Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Gariboro, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Aegirine

Formula: NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆

Localities: Reported from at least 21 localities in this region.

ⓘ Aegirine-augite

Formula: (Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆

Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.

ⓘ Aenigmatite

Formula: Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]

Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region.

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

Localities: Reported from at least 23 localities in this region.

ⓘ Albite var. Andesine

Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]

Localities:

Ma'Alalta Volcano, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Boseti Volcanic Complex, East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Boina Volcanic Region, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Dabbayra Volcano, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase

Formula: (Na,K)AlSi₃O₈

Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.

ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

A Geological Excursion To The Mesozoic Sediments Of The Abay Basin ( Blue Nile), Recent Volcanics Of The Ethiopian Main Rift And Basement Rocks Of The Adola Rea, Ethiopia. Mitt. Österr. Miner. Ges. 147 (2002)

ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase

Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]

Localities:

Ma'Alalta Volcano, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Boseti Volcanic Complex, East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Gedemsa Caldera, East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Chilallo Volcano, Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'

Localities: Reported from at least 14 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Alkali pyroxene'

Locality: Ma'Alalta Volcano, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Tazieff, H., Marinelli, G., Barberi, F. & Varet, J. 1970. Geologie de l'Afar Septentrional. Premiere expedition du CNRS-France et du CNR-Italie (decembre 67-fevrier 68). Bulletin Volcanologique, 33, 1039-1072.

Barberi, F., Borsi, S., Ferrara, G., Marinelli, G., & Varet, J. (1970). Relations between tectonics and magmatology in the northern Danakil Depression (Ethiopia). Philosophical Transactions for the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 293-311.

Barberi, F., Borsi, S., Ferrara, G., Marinelli, G., Santacroce, R., Tazieff, H., & Varet, J. (1972). Evolution of the Danakil Depression (Afar, Ethiopia) in light of radiometric age determinations. The Journal of Geology, 80(6), 720-729. doi.org/10.1086/627797

Barberi, F., Chedeville, E., Faure, H., Marinelli, G., Santacroce, R., Tazieff, H., & Varet, J. (1973). Geology of Northern Afar (Ethiopia). (with a geological map, scale 1:500000). Revue de Geographie Physique et de Geologie Dynamique, Paris, 15, 443-489.

Barberi, F.; Santacroce, R.; Varet, J. (1974) Silicic peralkaline volcanic rocks of the Afar Depression (Ethiopia). Bulletin Volcanologique, 38 (2). 755-790 doi:10.1007/bf02596907

ⓘ Almandine

Formula: Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Localities:

Didessa river, Adola belt (Adola gold field), Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Altaite ?

Formula: PbTe

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

Tadesse, S., Milesi, J-P., Deschamps, Y. (2003) Geology and mineral potential of Ethiopia: a note on geology and mineral map of Ethiopia. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 36, 273-313.

ⓘ Alunite

Formula: KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆

Locality: Marda Pass, Jijiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia

References:

Jelenc, Danilo A. (1966) Mineral Occurrences of Ethiopia, p 563.

ⓘ 'Amber'

Localities:

Amber occurrence, Mida (Midda), North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Amber occurrence, Alem Ketema, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Description: (Locality may be given as "Debre Lebanon" (sic), actually derived from the geological unit, the Debre Libanos sandstone Formation.)

ⓘ Amblygonite

Formula: LiAl(PO₄)F

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Küster, Dirk (2009) Granitoid-hosted Ta mineralization in the Arabian–Nubian Shield: Ore deposit types, tectono-metallogenetic setting and petrogenetic framework. Ore Geology Reviews, 35 (1). 68-86 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2008.09.008

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

Formula: AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂

Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.

ⓘ Analcime

Formula: Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O

Localities:

Batu Volcanic Centre, Bale Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Salale Mountains, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Lalibela, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Anatase

Formula: TiO₂

Locality: Didessa river, Adola belt (Adola gold field), Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2019

ⓘ Andalusite

Formula: Al₂(SiO₄)O

Locality: Baro river basin titanium placers, Gambela Region, Ethiopia

References:

Jelenc, Danilo A. (1966) Mineral Occurrences of Ethiopia, p 419-422 (Ministry of Mines, Addis Ababa, 720 pages)

ⓘ Andradite

Formula: Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃

Localities:

Ashashire Gold deposit, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Fant'Ale volcano, Metehara, East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite

Formula: Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃

Locality: Ashashire Gold deposit, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Kabeta, Misganu, Sisay, Mulugeta, Gebreyohannes, Goitom (2024) Applicability of Gravity Separation Method on the Ashashire Gold Ore Deposit from Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia.

ⓘ Andrieslombaardite (TL)

Formula: RhSbS

Type Locality:

References:

Cabri, L.J., McDonald, A.M., Oberthür, T., Tamura, N., Vymazalová, A., Ross, K.C., Melcher, F. (2023) Andrieslombaardite, RhSbS, a new platinum-group mineral from the platiniferous Onverwacht Pipe, Republic of South Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 126 (2) 151-160 doi:10.25131/sajg.126.0011

ⓘ Anhydrite

Formula: CaSO₄

Localities:

Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Goda Buticha Cave, Kunama, Somali Region, Ethiopia
Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Ankerite

Formula: Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂

Locality: Ashashire Gold deposit, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Kabeta, Misganu, Sisay, Mulugeta, Gebreyohannes, Goitom (2024) Applicability of Gravity Separation Method on the Ashashire Gold Ore Deposit from Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia.

ⓘ Annabergite

Formula: Ni₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013)

ⓘ Anorthite

Formula: Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)

Localities:

Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Boseti Volcanic Complex, East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite

Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]

Locality: Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

exemple de l'Afar. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 7(5-6), 506-540. doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XV.5-6.506

Treuil, M., Varet, J., Billhot, M., Barberi, F. (1971) Distribution of nickel, copper and zinc in the volcanic series of Erta'Ale, Ethiopia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. doi:10.1007/BF00373371

Cheminée, J. L. (1973). Evolution des concentrations en K, U et Th dans les laves de la série différenciée de l'Erta'Ale. Rev. Géogr. Géol. Dyn.(2), 15(4), 353-372.

Tazieff, H. (1973). Erta Ale volcano. Revue de géographie physique et de géologie dynamique, 15(4), 437-441.

Treuil, M., & Varet, J. (1973). Criteres volcanologiques, petrologiques et geochimiques de la genese et de la differenciation des magmas basaltiques

Barberi, F.; Santacroce, R.; Varet, J. (1974) Silicic peralkaline volcanic rocks of the Afar Depression (Ethiopia). Bulletin Volcanologique, 38 (2). 755-790 doi:10.1007/bf02596907

Barberi, F., Civetta, L., & Varet, J. (1980). Sr isotopic composition of Afar volcanics and its implication for mantle evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 50(1), 247-259. doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(80)90136-3

BIZOUARD, H., BARBERI, F., VARET, J. (1980) Mineralogy and Petrology of Erta Ale and Boina Volcanic Series, Afar Rift, Ethiopia. Journal of Petrology, 21 (2) 401-436 doi:10.1093/petrology/21.2.401

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite

Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]

Localities:

Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Boseti Volcanic Complex, East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Anthophyllite

Formula: ◻Mg₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Kebede H. Belete, Aberra Mogessie and , John F.W. Bowles Platinum-Group Minerals in the Alaskan Type Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions of the Yubdo Area, Western Ethiopia. 9th Platinum symposium

www.env.duke.edu (n.d.) http://www.env.duke.edu/people/faculty/boudreau/9thPtSymposium/Belete_Abstract.pdf

ⓘ Antigorite

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Kebede H. Belete, Aberra Mogessie and , John F.W. Bowles Platinum-Group Minerals in the Alaskan Type Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions of the Yubdo Area, Western Ethiopia. 9th Platinum symposium

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃A

Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.

ⓘ Arfvedsonite

Formula: NaNa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

Localities:

Wonchi Volcano, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Koni Volcanic Centre, East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Argentopentlandite

Formula: Ag(Fe,Ni)₈S₈

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Arsenopyrite

Formula: FeAsS

Localities:

Tulu Kapi gold mine, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Asbestos'

Locality: Bule Hora, Bule Hora, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Jelenc, Danilo A. (1966) Mineral Occurrences of Ethiopia, p 78 (Ministry of Mines, Addis Ababa, 720 pages).

ⓘ Augite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.

ⓘ Augite var. Ferroaugite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

Localities:

Fantale stratovolcano, East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Koni Volcanic Centre, East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Joubdo Stream, Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Augite var. Ferrohedenbergite

Formula: (Ca,Mg,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Si₂O₆

Localities:

Alutu Volcanic Centre, Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Fantale stratovolcano, East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Koni Volcanic Centre, East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite

Formula: (Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆

Localities:

Salale Mountains, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Korath Range, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Aurostibite

Formula: AuSb₂

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Awaruite

Formula: Ni₃Fe

Locality: Kenticha Hill Chromititites, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Econ Geology (1993)88:198-202

ⓘ Barrerite

Formula: Na₂(Si₇Al₂)O₁₈ · 6H₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Beryl

Formula: Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)

Localities:

Dermidama dyke, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Kilkele I dyke, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Shakiso, Borena Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine

Locality: Shakiso, Borena Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Stephan, T., Lind, Th., Müller, S., Hyasan, B. (2019): Leuchtend orangefarbiger Spessartin aus Äthiopien [Bright orange spessartine from Ethiopia]. Z. Dt. Gemmol. Ges. 68 (3-4), 65-68. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366249700_Leuchtend_orangefarbiger_Spessartin_aus_Athiopien_Bright_orange_spessartine_from_Ethiopia

ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald

Formula: Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)

Localities:

Shakiso, Borena Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.

ⓘ Bischofite

Formula: MgCl₂ · 6H₂O

Locality: Lake Karum, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Hovland, Martin, Rueslåtten, Håkon, Johnsen, Hans Konrad (2018) Salt Formation, Accumulation, and Expulsion Processes During Ocean Rifting—New Insight Gained from the Red Sea. In Geological Setting, Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology of the Red Sea. Springer International Publishing. p.233-257. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99408-6_11

ⓘ Bismuthinite

Formula: Bi₂S₃

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Bismutite

Formula: (BiO)₂CO₃

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Bornite

Formula: Cu₅FeS₄

Localities:

Tulu Kapi gold mine, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Joubdo Stream, Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Boulangerite

Formula: Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Bournonite

Formula: PbCuSbS₃

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Billay, A. Y., Kisters, A. F. M., Meyer, F. M., Schneider, J. (1997) The geology of the Lega Dembi gold deposit, southern Ethiopia: implications for Pan-African gold exploration. Mineralium Deposita, 32 (5) 491-504 doi:10.1007/s001260050117

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Bowieite

Formula: Rh₂S₃

Locality: Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Stanley, C. J., Criddle, A. J., Spratt, J., Roberts, A. C., Szymański, J. T., Welch, M. D. (2005) Kingstonite, (Rh,Ir,Pt)₃S₄, a new mineral species from Yubdo, Ethiopia. Mineralogical Magazine, 69 (4) 447-453 doi:10.1180/0026461056940262

ⓘ Breithauptite

Formula: NiSb

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Brookite

Formula: TiO₂

Locality: Didessa river, Adola belt (Adola gold field), Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2019

ⓘ Brucite

Formula: Mg(OH)₂

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013)

ⓘ Brushite

Formula: Ca(PO₃OH) · 2H₂O

Locality: Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

López-García, José M., Moreira, David, Benzerara, Karim, Grunewald, Olivier, López-García, Purificación (2020) Origin and Evolution of the Halo-Volcanic Complex of Dallol: Proto-Volcanism in Northern Afar (Ethiopia). Frontiers in Earth Science, 7. 351 doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00351

ⓘ Calaverite

Formula: AuTe₂

Locality: Ashashire Gold deposit, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Kabeta, Misganu, Sisay, Mulugeta, Gebreyohannes, Goitom (2024) Applicability of Gravity Separation Method on the Ashashire Gold Ore Deposit from Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia.

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

Localities: Reported from at least 13 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'

Formula: A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Mogessie, A. (2003) Platinum Group Minerals from the Yubdo Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks, Western Ethiopia. MITI.ÖSTERR.MINER.GES., 148. 235-237

ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende'

Formula: A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Kebede H. Belete, Aberra Mogessie and , John F.W. Bowles Platinum-Group Minerals in the Alaskan Type Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions of the Yubdo Area, Western Ethiopia. 9th Platinum symposium

Mogessie, A. (2003) Platinum Group Minerals from the Yubdo Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks, Western Ethiopia. MITI.ÖSTERR.MINER.GES., 148. 235-237

ⓘ 'Carbonate'

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Mogessie, A. (2003) Platinum Group Minerals from the Yubdo Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks, Western Ethiopia. MITI.ÖSTERR.MINER.GES., 148. 235-237

ⓘ Carnallite

Formula: KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O

Localities:

Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Lake Karum, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Cassiterite

Formula: SnO₂

Localities:

Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Chabazite'

Localities:

Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Road cut, Nefas Meewcha, South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.

ⓘ Chromite

Formula: Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Chrysotile

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Kebede H. Belete, Aberra Mogessie and , John F.W. Bowles Platinum-Group Minerals in the Alaskan Type Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions of the Yubdo Area, Western Ethiopia. 9th Platinum symposium

ⓘ Clinochlore

Formula: Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore

Formula: Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ 'Clinoptilolite Subgroup'

Formula: (Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Clinozoisite

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Locality: Shakiso, Borena Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Cobaltite

Formula: CoAsS

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013)

ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)

Formula: Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆

Localities:

Konso, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'

Localities:

Dermidama dyke, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Kilkele I dyke, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Columbite-(Mn)

Formula: Mn²⁺Nb₂O₆

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Küster, Dirk, Romer, Rolf L., Tolessa, Dandena, Zerihun, Desta, Bheemalingeswara, K., Melcher, Frank, Oberthür, Thomas (2009) The Kenticha rare-element pegmatite, Ethiopia: internal differentiation, U–Pb age and Ta mineralization. Mineralium Deposita, 44 (7) 723-750 doi:10.1007/s00126-009-0240-8

ⓘ Cordierite

Formula: Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Corrensite

Formula: (Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O

Localities:

Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Corundum

Formula: Al₂O₃

Locality: Shakiso, Borena Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Corundum var. Ruby

Formula: Al₂O₃

Locality: Shakiso, Borena Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Corundum var. Sapphire

Formula: Al₂O₃

Locality: Shakiso, Borena Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Cubanite

Formula: CuFe₂S₃

Localities:

Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Joubdo Stream, Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Cummingtonite

Formula: ◻Mg₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Mogessie, A. (2003) Platinum Group Minerals from the Yubdo Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks, Western Ethiopia. MITI.ÖSTERR.MINER.GES., 148. 235-237

ⓘ Cuprorhodsite

Formula: (Cu⁺_0.5Fe³⁺_0.5)Rh³⁺₂S₄

Locality: Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Dawsonite

Formula: NaAlCO₃(OH)₂

Locality: Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

Localities:

Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Didessa river, Adola belt (Adola gold field), Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Joubdo Stream, Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Dittmarite

Formula: (NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · H₂O

Locality: Goda Buticha Cave, Kunama, Somali Region, Ethiopia

References:

Tribolo, C., Asrat, A., Bahain, J. J., Chapon, C., Douville, E., Fragnol, C., ... & Assefa, Z. (2017). Across the gap: Geochronological and sedimentological analyses from the Late Pleistocene-Holocene sequence of Goda Buticha, southeastern Ethiopia. PloS one, 12(1), e0169418.

ⓘ Dolomite

Formula: CaMg(CO₃)₂

Locality: Ashashire Gold deposit, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Kabeta, Misganu, Sisay, Mulugeta, Gebreyohannes, Goitom (2024) Applicability of Gravity Separation Method on the Ashashire Gold Ore Deposit from Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia.

ⓘ Dravite

Formula: NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Dufrénoysite

Formula: Pb₂As₂S₅

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Dyscrasite

Formula: Ag₃Sb

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Edenite

Formula: NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂

Locality: Wonchi Volcano, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gaeta, Mario, Mottana, Annibale (1991) Phase relations of aenigmatite minerals in a syenitic ejectum, wonchi volcano, Ethiopia. Mineralogical Magazine, 55 (381) 529-534 doi:10.1180/minmag.1991.055.381.05

Woolley, A. R. (2001) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 3: Africa - Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. The Geological Society of London.p.79

ⓘ Elbaite

Formula: Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

Localities:

Abuloo, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Abulo Rukessa (Abuloo), Guji Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Elbaite var. Paraíba Tourmaline

Formula: Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

Localities:

Abuloo, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Abulo Rukessa (Abuloo), Guji Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Elbaite-Fluor-elbaite Series'

Locality: Abulo Rukessa (Abuloo), Guji Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Wang, Hao A. O.; Zhou, Wei; Sun, Yi; Wälle, Markus; Krzemnicki, Michael S.; Lefèvre, Pierre; Sato, Akitsugu; Cartier, Laurent; Sintayehu, Tewodros (n.d.) Characterisation of Cu-Bearing Tourmaline from Ethiopia, and Implications for Geographic Origin Determination. The Journal of Gemmology, 40 (3). p.242-261.

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Erlichmanite

Formula: OsS₂

Localities:

Joubdo Stream, Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)

Formula: (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Fayalite

Formula: Fe²⁺₂(SiO₄)

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

Localities: Reported from at least 13 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'

Localities:

Ma'Alalta Volcano, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Koni Volcanic Centre, East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Mount Naita, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Ferronickelplatinum

Formula: Pt₂FeNi

Locality: Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Description: Sponge-like crystalline aggregates up to 0.8 mm with composition (Pt1.72Ir0.22)1.94Fe1.05(Ni0.91Cu0.04)1.01. Iridian variety with about 6 mas.% Ir.

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2014)

ⓘ Ferrotorryweiserite

Formula: Rh₅Fe₁₀S₁₆

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Barkov, Andrei Y., Tolstykh, Nadezhda D., Tamura, Nobumichi, Martin, Robert F., McDonald, Andrew M., Cabri, Louis J. (2021) Ferrotorryweiserite, Rh₅Fe₁₀S₁₆, a New Mineral Species from the Sisim Placer Zone, Eastern Sayans, Russia, and the Torryweiserite–Ferrotorryweiserite Series. Minerals, 11 (12) 1420 doi:10.3390/min11121420

ⓘ Fluorapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃F

Locality: Didessa river, Adola belt (Adola gold field), Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2019

ⓘ Fluorite

Formula: CaF₂

Localities:

Kashale, Konso, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia
Konso, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia
Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Forsterite

Formula: Mg₂(SiO₄)

Localities:

Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Joubdo Stream, Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Megado-Mega area, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Forsterite var. Peridot

Formula: Mg₂SiO₄

Locality: Megado-Mega area, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Solomon Tadesse (2009) Mineral Resources Potential of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa University Press, 290 pages

ⓘ Gahnite

Formula: ZnAl₂O₄

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

Localities:

Tulu Kapi gold mine, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Garnet Group'

Formula: X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

Localities:

Baro river basin titanium placers, Gambela Region, Ethiopia
Shakiso, Borena Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Katawicha region, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Aluto-Langano geothermal system, Lake Shala (Lake Shalla), Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Genkinite

Formula: Pt₄Sb₃

Localities:

ⓘ Gersdorffite

Formula: NiAsS

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ 'Glass'

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: Fe³⁺O(OH)

Localities:

Baro river basin titanium placers, Gambela Region, Ethiopia
Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Wegeltena, Delanta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
K'ulf Āmba deposit, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Graphite

Formula: C

Localities:

Wegeltena, Delanta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Description: "graphitic carbon" inclusions in opal.

ⓘ Greigite ?

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂S₄

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Gypsum

Formula: CaSO₄ · 2H₂O

Localities:

Godicho, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia
Shungura formation, Lower Omo Valley, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia
Goda Buticha Cave, Kunama, Somali Region, Ethiopia
Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Halite

Formula: NaCl

Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.

ⓘ Hastingsite

Formula: NaCa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂

Locality: Limmo Granite Intruson, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Black, R., Morton, W. H., Rex, D. C., & Shackleton, R. M. (1972). Sur la découverte en Afar (Ethiopie) d'un granite hyperalcalin miocène: le massif de Limmo. CR Acad. Sc. Paris, 274, 1453-1456.

ⓘ Hedenbergite

Formula: CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆

Localities:

Limmo Granite Intruson, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Fant'Ale volcano, Metehara, East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.

ⓘ Hercynite

Formula: Fe²⁺Al₂O₄

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Hessite

Formula: Ag₂Te

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ 'Heulandite Subgroup'

Formula: (Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O

Localities:

Lalibela, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Hollandite

Formula: Ba(Mn⁴⁺₆Mn³⁺₂)O₁₆

Localities:

Enkafala, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Wegeltena, Delanta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Hollingworthite

Formula: (Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS

Localities:

Joubdo Stream, Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Hollingworthite-Irarsite Series'

Locality: Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Description: Inclusions of distorted octahedrons up to 10 mkm size within polyxene grains. It is interesting, that these minerals differ from usual hollingworthites from the same specimen by constant admixture of tellurium on level ~1 mas.%.

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov analythical data of 2015

ⓘ Holmquistite

Formula: ◻Li₂(Mg₃Al₂)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'

Formula: ◻Ca₂(C²⁺₄C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂

Localities:

Baro river basin titanium placers, Gambela Region, Ethiopia
Lake Langano, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Hotsonite

Formula: Al₁₁(SO₄)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂₁ · 16H₂O

Locality: Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Hydroxylapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)

Localities:

Shungura formation, Lower Omo Valley, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia
Goda Buticha Cave, Kunama, Somali Region, Ethiopia

Description: Micro-hexagonal prisms coprecipitated with mitridatite-robertsite.

ⓘ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃(OH,O)

Localities:

Shungura formation, Lower Omo Valley, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia
Goda Buticha Cave, Kunama, Somali Region, Ethiopia

Description: Fossil remains constituent.

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ Irarsite

Formula: (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS

Localities:

Joubdo Stream, Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Isoferroplatinum

Formula: Pt₃Fe

Localities:

ⓘ 'Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series'

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Jordanite

Formula: Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Kaersutite

Formula: NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂

Locality: Korath Range, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia

References:

Brown, F. H., & Carmichael, I. S. E. (1969). Quaternary volcanoes of the Lake Rudolf region: 1. The basanite-tephrite series of the Korath Range. Lithos, 2(3), 239-260. doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(69)80018-6

ⓘ Kaolinite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Localities:

Chembi area, Adola belt (Adola gold field), Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Marda Pass, Jijiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia ? (more information)

ⓘ Kashinite

Formula: Ir₂S₃

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Mogessie, A. (2003) Platinum Group Minerals from the Yubdo Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks, Western Ethiopia. MITI.ÖSTERR.MINER.GES., 148. 235-237

ⓘ Katophorite

Formula: Na(CaNa){Mg₄Al)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH)₂

Localities:

Nekepti Occurrence, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Ma'Alalta Volcano, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Kerolite'

Formula: (Mg,Ni)₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · nH₂O (n ~ 1)

Locality: Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

Localities:

Tulu Jergo, Wollega-Ilubaror Volcanic Field, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Delanta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Bure adakitic rock, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'K Feldspar var. Adularia'

Formula: KAlSi₃O₈

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Kingstonite (TL)

Formula: Rh₃S₄

Type Locality:

References:

ⓘ Kogarkoite

Formula: Na₃(SO₄)F

Locality: Shalo hot spring, Hawasa, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Žáček, V., Rapprich, V., Šíma, J., Škoda, R., Laufek, F., Legesa, F. (2015) Kogarkoite, Na₃(SO₄)F, from the Shalo hot spring, Main Ethiopian Rift: implications for F-enrichment of thermal groundwater related to alkaline silicic volcanic rocks. Journal of GEOsciences, 60 (3) 171-179

ⓘ Kyanite

Formula: Al₂(SiO₄)O

Localities:

Chembi area, Adola belt (Adola gold field), Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Aflata river basin alluvials, Bule Hora, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Adola belt (Adola gold field), Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Laitakarite

Formula: Bi₄(Se,S)₃

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Laumontite

Formula: CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

Li, Changhao; Shen, Ping; Zhao, Yong; Li, Pei; Zhang, Lejun; Pan, Hongdi (2022) Mineral chemistry of chlorite in different geologic environments and its implications for porphyry Cu ± Au ± Mo deposits. Ore Geology Reviews, 149. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.105112

ⓘ Laurite

Formula: RuS₂

Localities:

ⓘ 'Lepidolite'

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Leucite

Formula: K(AlSi₂O₆)

Locality: Korath Range, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ 'Limonite'

Localities:

Shungura formation, Lower Omo Valley, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia
Bule Hora, Bule Hora, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Lithiophilite

Formula: LiMn²⁺PO₄

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Lizardite

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Kebede H. Belete, Aberra Mogessie and , John F.W. Bowles Platinum-Group Minerals in the Alaskan Type Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions of the Yubdo Area, Western Ethiopia. 9th Platinum symposium

ⓘ Mackinawite

Formula: FeS

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Magnesiochromite

Formula: MgCr₂O₄

Localities:

Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Gariboro, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende

Formula: ◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

www.env.duke.edu (n.d.) http://www.env.duke.edu/people/faculty/boudreau/9thPtSymposium/Belete_Abstract.pdf

ⓘ Magnesite

Formula: MgCO₃

Localities:

Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Magnesite var. Iron-bearing Magnesite

Formula: (Mg,Fe)CO₃

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

Localities: Reported from at least 14 localities in this region.

ⓘ Magnetite var. Chrommagnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Cr³⁺)₂O₄

Localities:

Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

Description: Octahedral crystals up to 1 mm with Cr2O3 contents about 2-3 mas.%.

ⓘ Magnetite var. Ishkulite

Formula: Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Cr³⁺)₂O₄

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Manganite

Formula: Mn³⁺O(OH)

Localities:

Wegeltena, Delanta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
K'ulf Āmba deposit, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Marcasite

Formula: FeS₂

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ 'Melilite Group'

Formula: A₂M(XSiO₇)

Locality: Webi Valley, Bale Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Mohr, P. A. (1962). The geology of Ethiopia: Univ. Coll.

Le Bas, M. J., & Mohr, P. A. (1968). Feldspathoidal rocks from the Cainozoic volcanic province of Ethiopia. Geologische Rundschau, 58(1), 273-280. doi.org/10.1007/BF01820608

ⓘ Meneghinite

Formula: Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Meta-autunite

Formula: Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 6H₂O

Locality: Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel Kartashov's analytical dataIdentified by Pavel Kartashov: Visual Identification

ⓘ 'Mica Group'

Localities:

Chembi area, Adola belt (Adola gold field), Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Aflata river basin alluvials, Bule Hora, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Microcline

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

Localities:

Konso, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Kashale, Konso, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia

Habit: Carlsbader-,Baveno and Manebacher twins

Colour: Green

Description: Crystals up to 30 cm

ⓘ 'Microlite Group'

Formula: A_2-mTa₂X_6-wZ_1-n

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Milarite

Formula: K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]

Locality: Konso, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia

References:

Kaiser, H. (2006): Amazonit aus Äthiopien-Kristalle injutesäcken. ExtraLapis 30: 72-73

ⓘ Millerite

Formula: NiS

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013)

ⓘ Mitridatite

Formula: Ca₂Fe³⁺₃(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O

Locality: Shungura formation, Lower Omo Valley, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia

Description: Feathery olive-green microcrystals.

References:

Rogers, Robert J., Brown, Francis H. (1979) Authigenic mitridatite from the Shungura Formation, southwestern Ethiopia. American Mineralogist, 64 (1-2) 169-171

ⓘ Molybdenite

Formula: MoS₂

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Montmorillonite

Formula: (Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

Localities:

Lake Shala (Lake Shalla), Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Marda Pass, Jijiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Mordenite

Formula: (Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Localities: Reported from at least 13 localities in this region.

ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite

Formula: K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite

Formula: K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂

Localities:

Lake Shala (Lake Shalla), Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Localities:

Aluto-Langano geothermal system, Lake Shala (Lake Shalla), Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Katta District, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Muthmannite

Formula: AuAgTe₂

Locality: Ashashire Gold deposit, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Kabeta, Misganu, Sisay, Mulugeta, Gebreyohannes, Goitom (2024) Applicability of Gravity Separation Method on the Ashashire Gold Ore Deposit from Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia.

ⓘ Native Antimony

Formula: Sb

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Native Bismuth

Formula: Bi

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Native Gold

Formula: Au

Localities: Reported from at least 13 localities in this region.

ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum

Formula: (Au,Ag)

Localities:

Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Native Iridium

Formula: (Ir,Os,Ru)

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Native Lead

Formula: Pb

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Native Osmium

Formula: (Os,Ir,Ru)

Localities:

Joubdo Stream, Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Native Osmium var. Iridosmine

Formula: (Os,Ir)

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Native Platinum

Formula: Pt

Localities:

Erta Ale caldera, Erta Ale Volcano, Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia ? (more information)

ⓘ Native Platinum var. Polyxene

Formula: (Pt,Fe,Cu,Ni,Pd,Rh)

Locality: Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2014)

ⓘ Native Ruthenium

Formula: (Ru,Ir)

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Native Silver

Formula: Ag

Localities:

Tulu Kapi gold mine, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Native Sulphur

Formula: S₈

Localities:

Lake Karum, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Natrolite

Formula: Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O

Localities:

Salale Mountains, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Lalibela, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Natron

Formula: Na₂CO₃ · 10H₂O

Locality: Lake Shala (Lake Shalla), Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Field collected by Alfredo Petrov, ID by wet chemistry by Dr Fred Riley, chemistry teacher at Ethiopian Adventist College.

ⓘ Nepheline

Formula: Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ Nickeline

Formula: NiAs

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Nisbite

Formula: NiSb₂

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ 'Olivine Group'

Formula: M₂SiO₄

Localities:

Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Baro river basin titanium placers, Gambela Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Opal

Formula: SiO₂ · nH₂O

Localities: Reported from at least 13 localities in this region.

ⓘ Opal var. Opal-AN

Formula: SiO₂ · nH₂O

Locality: Arbegona District, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia

References:

Rock Currier collection

ⓘ Opal var. Opal-CT

Formula: SiO₂ · nH₂O

Locality: Wegeltena, Delanta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Fluorescence: white or bluish‐white

References:

Zhao, K.

Zhao, Kehan, Bai, Feng (2020) Crystallinity and Play-of-Colour in Gem Opal with Digit Patterns from Wegel Tena, Ethiopia. Minerals, 10 (7) 625 doi:10.3390/min10070625

ⓘ Opal var. Precious Fire Opal

Locality: South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

References:

Locality descriptionIdentification: Visual Identification

Schäfer, K. (2012) Feuer im Wasser: Die Vorkommen von neuartigem Edelopal in Äthiopien. Lapis 37 (2), 13-16.

ⓘ Opal var. Precious Opal

Formula: SiO₂ · nH₂O

Localities:

South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Tsehay Mewcha, Delanta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Wegeltena, Delanta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Opal var. White Opal

Localities:

South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Mezezo Opal Occurrence, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Orpiment

Formula: As₂S₃

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Orthoclase

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

Localities:

Batu Volcanic Centre, Bale Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Goda Buticha Cave, Kunama, Somali Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'

Locality: Boina Volcanic Region, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Barberi, F.; Santacroce, R.; Varet, J. (1974) Silicic peralkaline volcanic rocks of the Afar Depression (Ethiopia). Bulletin Volcanologique, 38 (2). 755-790 doi:10.1007/bf02596907

BARBERI, F., FERRARA, G., SANTACROCE, R., TREUIL, M., VARET, J. (1975) A Transitional Basalt-Pantellerite Sequence of Fractional Crystallization, the Boina Centre (Afar Rift, Ethiopia) Journal of Petrology, 16 (1) 22-56 doi:10.1093/petrology/16.1.22

ⓘ Paragonite

Formula: NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Locality: Ashashire Gold deposit, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Kabeta, Misganu, Sisay, Mulugeta, Gebreyohannes, Goitom (2024) Applicability of Gravity Separation Method on the Ashashire Gold Ore Deposit from Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia.

ⓘ Pentlandite

Formula: (Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈

Localities:

Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha Hill Chromititites, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Joubdo Stream, Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Petalite ?

Formula: LiAl(Si₄O₁₀)

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Petzite

Formula: Ag₃AuTe₂

Localities:

Ashashire Gold deposit, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Phenakite

Formula: Be₂SiO₄

Localities:

Kashale, Konso, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia
Konso, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca

Formula: Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂ · 12H₂O

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Phlogopite

Formula: KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Localities:

Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Korath Range, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Pilsenite

Formula: Bi₄Te₃

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈

Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.

ⓘ Pollucite

Formula: (Cs,Na)₂(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Polydymite

Formula: Ni²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013)

ⓘ 'Prassoite'

Formula: Rh₁₇S₁₅

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Mogessie, A. (2003) Platinum Group Minerals from the Yubdo Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks, Western Ethiopia. MITI.ÖSTERR.MINER.GES., 148. 235-237

ⓘ Prehnite

Formula: Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'

Formula: A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Pyrolusite

Formula: Mn⁴⁺O₂

Localities:

Enkafala, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Wegeltena, Delanta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
K'ulf Āmba deposit, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'

Formula: ADSi₂O₆

Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

Localities:

Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Katta District, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Localities: Reported from at least 47 localities in this region.

ⓘ Quartz var. Agate

Formula: SiO₂

Locality: West Besse, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

References:

Fenta, Y. A. (2007). Identification and Spectroscopic Characterization of Natural Gem Agate from West Belessa, North Gondar, Ethiopia (MS Thesis).

ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst

Formula: SiO₂

Locality: Nekemte, East Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

albert russ

ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony

Formula: SiO₂

Localities:

Wegeltena, Delanta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Localities:

Kashale, Konso, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia
Konso, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Quartz-beta'

Formula: SiO₂

Locality: Lake Langano, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Petrov, Alfredo (n.d.) Personal Communication.

ⓘ 'Rhombohedral Carbonate'

Formula: (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃

Locality: Wachacha Volcanic Dome, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

M.S. Garson (pers.comm. 1990).

P.A. Mohr (pers. comm. 1995).

Miller, J. A., & Mohr, P. A. (1966). Age of Wachacha trachyte-carbonatite centre. Bulletin Geophysical Observatory, Addis Ababa, 9, 1-5.

ⓘ Riebeckite

Formula: ◻Na₂(Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.

ⓘ Robertsite

Formula: Ca₂Mn³⁺₃(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O

Locality: Shungura formation, Lower Omo Valley, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia

Description: Mitridatite-robertsite series.

References:

Rogers, Robert J., Brown, Francis H. (1979) Authigenic mitridatite from the Shungura Formation, southwestern Ethiopia. American Mineralogist, 64 (1-2) 169-171

ⓘ Romanèchite

Formula: (Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀

Locality: Enkafala, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Tadesse, S., Milesi, J-P., Deschamps, Y. (2003) Geology and mineral potential of Ethiopia: a note on geology and mineral map of Ethiopia. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 36, 273-313.

ⓘ 'Roseite'

Formula: (Os,Ir)S

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Ottemann, J., Augustithis, S.S. (1967) Geochemistry and origin of "platinum-nuggets" in lateritic covers from ultrabasic rocks and birbirites of W. Ethiopia. Mineralium Deposita, 1 (4). 269-277 doi:10.1007/bf00205201

ⓘ Rutheniridosmine

Formula: (Ir,Os,Ru)

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Sanidine

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ Scheelite

Formula: Ca(WO₄)

Locality: Baro river basin titanium placers, Gambela Region, Ethiopia

Description: rare

References:

Jelenc, Danilo A. (1966) Mineral Occurrences of Ethiopia, p 419-422 (Ministry of Mines, Addis Ababa, 720 pages)

ⓘ Schorl

Formula: NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Scolecite

Formula: CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 3H₂O

Locality: Alamata (Alomatà; Allomatà), Tigray Region, Ethiopia

References:

Scherillo, A. (1938): Su alcune zeoliti dell’Eritrea. Per. Mineral., 9, 61-69.

Tschernich, Rudy W. (1992) Zeolites of the World. Geoscience Press, Inc. 567pp.

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

Formula: D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄

Localities:

Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha Hill Chromititites, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Sillimanite

Formula: Al₂(SiO₄)O

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ 'Smectite Group'

Formula: A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O

Localities:

Delanta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Lake Shala (Lake Shalla), Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Shungura formation, Lower Omo Valley, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia
Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Wegeltena, Delanta Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Sodalite

Formula: Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl

Locality: Nekepti Occurrence, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Comucci, P. 1948. La rocce della regione di Jubdo (Africa orientale). Accademia Nazionale Lincei, Rome.

Raisin, C. A. (1903). Petrological notes on rocks from Southern Abyssinia. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 59(1-4), 292-306. doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1903.059.01-04.26

Comucci, P. (1950). Le Vulcaniti del Lago Tana (Africa Orientale). Accademia nazionale dei Lincei.

Le Bas, M. J., & Mohr, P. A. (1968). Feldspathoidal rocks from the Cainozoic volcanic province of Ethiopia. Geologische Rundschau, 58(1), 273-280. doi.org/10.1007/BF01820608

Merla, G., Abbate, E., Azzaroli, A., Bruni, P., Canuti, P., Fazzuoli, M., ... & Tacconi, P. (1979). A geological map of Ethiopia and Somalia (1973) 1: 2.000. 000 and comment. University of Florence, Italy.

ⓘ 'Sodic amphibole'

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Sperrylite

Formula: PtAs₂

Localities:

Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Sperrylite var. Platarsite

Formula: Pt(As,S)₂

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Mogessie, A. (2003) Platinum Group Minerals from the Yubdo Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks, Western Ethiopia. MITI.ÖSTERR.MINER.GES., 148. 235-237

ⓘ Spessartine

Formula: Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Localities:

Shakiso, Borena Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

Localities:

Tulu Kapi gold mine, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Katta District, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Spinel Subgroup'

Formula: A²⁺D³⁺₂O₄

Locality: Baro river basin titanium placers, Gambela Region, Ethiopia

Description: (undetermined species other than magnetite and chromite)

References:

Jelenc, Danilo A. (1966) Mineral Occurrences of Ethiopia, p 419-422 (Ministry of Mines, Addis Ababa, 720 pages)

ⓘ Spodumene

Formula: LiAlSi₂O₆

Localities:

Bupo I dyke (Bupo pegmatite), Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Katawicha pegmatite, Katawicha region, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite

Formula: LiAlSi₂O₆

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Staurolite

Formula: Fe²⁺₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)

Localities:

Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Stellerite

Formula: Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂ · 28H₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Stevensite

Formula: (Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂

Locality: Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Stibiopalladinite

Formula: Pd₅Sb₂

Localities:

ⓘ Stilbite-Ca

Formula: NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O

Locality: Alamata (Alomatà; Allomatà), Tigray Region, Ethiopia

References:

Scherillo, A. (1938): Su alcune zeoliti dell’Eritrea. Per. Mineral., 9, 61-69.

ⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup'

Formula: M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O

Localities:

Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Stilbite occurrence, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Stumpflite

Formula: PtSb

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Evstigneyeva, T.L., Kudryavtsev, A.S., Rudashevskiy, N.S. (1992) Minerals of the platinum-group elements from Yubdo (Ethiopia): New data. Mineral. Zhurnal, l4(1), 29-41 (in Russian)

ⓘ Stützite

Formula: Ag_5-xTe₃, x = 0.24-0.36

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Swinefordite

Formula: Li(Al,Li,Mg)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)₂(OH,F)₄ · nH₂O

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Sylvanite

Formula: AgAuTe₄

Locality: Goda Buticha Cave, Kunama, Somali Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Sylvite

Formula: KCl

Localities:

Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Lake Karum, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Talc

Formula: Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Tantalite'

Formula: (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆

Locality: Katawicha pegmatite, Katawicha region, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)

Formula: Mn²⁺Ta₂O₆

Localities:

Bupo I dyke (Bupo pegmatite), Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Tapiolite'

Formula: (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)As₄S₁₂S

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Tetraferroplatinum

Formula: PtFe

Localities:

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Group'

Formula: ^M2(A₆)^M1(B₄ C₂)^X3(D₄)^S1(Y₁₂)^S2(Z)

Locality: Tulu Kapi gold mine, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTiO(SiO₄)

Localities:

Didessa river, Adola belt (Adola gold field), Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Baro river basin titanium placers, Gambela Region, Ethiopia
Ashashire Gold deposit, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Tongxinite'

Formula: Cu₂Zn

Locality: Didessa river, Adola belt (Adola gold field), Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2019

ⓘ Topaz

Formula: Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ 'Tourmaline'

Formula: AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z

Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.

ⓘ Tremolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Troilite

Formula: FeS

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Trona

Formula: Na₃H(CO₃)₂ · 2H₂O

Locality: Shalo hot spring, Hawasa, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Tsumoite

Formula: BiTe

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ Tulameenite

Formula: Pt₂CuFe

Localities:

Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Joubdo Stream, Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Tulameenite var. Antimony-bearing Tulameenite

Formula: (Pt,Sb)₂CuFe

Locality: Bir Bir River, Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data of 2017

ⓘ Turquoise

Formula: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O

Locality: Got, Angolela (Angolola), Amhara Region, Ethiopia

References:

Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.

ⓘ Ullmannite

Formula: NiSbS

Locality: Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cook, Nigel J, Ciobanu, Christina L (2000) Investigation of opaque mineralogy, Lega Dembi gold deposit, Ethiopia. (114)

ⓘ 'UM1981-08-E:FeIrPtRhRu'

Formula: Ir-Fe-Pt-Rh-Ru-O-H ?

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Cabri, Louis J., Criddle, Alan J., Laflamme, J. H. Gilles, Bearne, Graham S., Harris, Donald C. (1981) Mineralogical study of complex Pt-Fe nuggets from Ethiopia. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 104 (4) 508-525 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1981.7501

Fleischer, M., Cabri, L.J., Chao, G.Y., Mandarino, J.A., Pabst, A. (1982) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 67: 1074-1082.p.1079

ⓘ 'UM1981-13-S:CoFeNiRh'

Formula: (Fe,Ni,Rh,Co)₉S₈

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Fleischer, M., Cabri, L.J., Chao, G.Y., Mandarino, J.A., Pabst, A. (1982) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 67: 1074-1082.p.1080

ⓘ 'UM1981-14-S:CuFeIrNiRh'

Formula: (Fe,Ni,Ir,Rh,Cu,Pt,Co)_1.06S_0.94

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Fleischer, M., Cabri, L.J., Chao, G.Y., Mandarino, J.A., Pabst, A. (1982) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 67: 1074-1082.p.1080

ⓘ 'UM1981-15-S:CuFeIrNiRh'

Formula: (Rh,Fe,Ni,Cu,Ir)S

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Fleischer, M., Cabri, L.J., Chao, G.Y., Mandarino, J.A., Pabst, A. (1982) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 67: 1074-1082.p.1080

ⓘ 'UM1981-16-S:CuFeIrNiRh'

Formula: (Fe,Rh,Ni,Cu,Ir)S

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Fleischer, M., Cabri, L.J., Chao, G.Y., Mandarino, J.A., Pabst, A. (1982) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 67: 1074-1082.p.1080

ⓘ 'UM1981-17-S:CuIrPtRh'

Formula: Pt(Rh,Ir)CuS₄

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Fleischer, M., Cabri, L.J., Chao, G.Y., Mandarino, J.A., Pabst, A. (1982) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 67: 1074-1082.p.1080

ⓘ 'UM1981-29-Te:BiRh'

Formula: Rh(Te,Bi)₂

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Fleischer, M., Cabri, L.J., Chao, G.Y., Mandarino, J.A., Pabst, A. (1982) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 67: 1074-1082.p.1079

ⓘ 'UM1992-24-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh'

Formula: (Rh,Pt,Ir)₃(Fe,Ni,Cu)₃S₈

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Evstigneyeva, T.L., Kudryavtsev, A.S., Rudashevskiy, N.S. (1992) Minerals of the platinum-group elements from Yubdo (Ethiopia): New data. Mineral. Zhurnal, l4(1), 29-41 (in Russian)

Jambor, John L., Grew, Edward S., Roberts, Andrew C. (1994) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 79 (11-12) 1210-1230

ⓘ 'UM1992-31-Sb:AsPdRh'

Formula: (Pd,Rh)₂(Sb,As)

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Evstigneyeva, T.L., Kudryavtsev, A.S., Rudashevskiy, N.S. (1992) Minerals of the platinum-group elements from Yubdo (Ethiopia): New data. Mineral. Zhurnal, l4(1), 29-41 (in Russian)

Jambor, John L., Grew, Edward S., Roberts, Andrew C. (1994) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 79 (11-12) 1210-1230

ⓘ 'Unnamed (Pt-Fe Alloy)'

Formula: Pt₂Fe

Locality: Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District), Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Mogessie et al. (2009): Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 155, 108. (Abs.)

ⓘ Uraninite

Formula: UO₂

Locality: Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel Kartashov's analytical dataIdentified by Pavel Kartashov: Visual Identification

ⓘ 'Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)'

Formula: (Ca,U,Na)_2-x(Ta,Nb)₂(O,OH)₇

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Uvarovite

Formula: Ca₃Cr³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ Vermiculite

Formula: Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Violarite

Formula: Fe²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄

Localities:

Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Lega Dembi Mine, Megado, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ 'Wad'

Locality: Mount Dallol (Dallol volcano), Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Wairakite

Formula: Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O

Locality: Tendaho geothermal field, Afar Region, Ethiopia

References:

Gebregziabher, Z. (1998). Geology and hydrothermal alteration in wells TD-5 and TD-6, Tendaho geothermal field, Ethiopia. United Nations University.

ⓘ Weddellite

Formula: Ca(C₂O₄) · (2.5-x)H₂O

Locality: Goda Buticha Cave, Kunama, Somali Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Whewellite

Formula: Ca(C₂O₄) · H₂O

Locality: Goda Buticha Cave, Kunama, Somali Region, Ethiopia

References:

ⓘ Wilkinsonite

Formula: Na₂Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺₂(Si₆O₁₈)O₂

Locality: Wonchi Volcano, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Woolley, A. R. (2001) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 3: Africa - Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. The Geological Society of London.p.79

ⓘ Wodginite

Formula: Mn²⁺Sn⁴⁺Ta₂O₈

Locality: Kenticha mine, Kenticha pegmatite field, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

ⓘ 'Zeolite Group'

Localities:

Aluto-Langano geothermal system, Lake Shala (Lake Shalla), Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Salale Mountains, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.

ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite

Formula: Zr[(SiO₄),(OH)₄]

Locality: Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

References:

Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) analytical data.

Gallery:

Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore

Chromium-bearing Clinochlore, etc.

Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

Chromium-bearing Clinochlore, etc.

Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

Chromium-bearing Clinochlore, etc.

Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

Pt₂FeNiⓘ Ferronickelplatinum

Ferronickelplatinum, etc.

Bir Bir River, Yubdo District, Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Ferronickelplatinum, etc.

Bir Bir River, Yubdo District, Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Ferronickelplatinum, etc.

Bir Bir River, Yubdo District, Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

MgCr₂O₄ⓘ Magnesiochromite

Magnesiochromite, etc.

Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

Magnesiochromite, etc.

Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

Magnesiochromite, etc.

Tumet river, Asosa Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

(Pt,Fe,Cu,Ni,Pd,Rh)ⓘ Native Platinum var. Polyxene

Polyxene

Bir Bir River, Yubdo District, Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Polyxene

Bir Bir River, Yubdo District, Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Polyxene

Bir Bir River, Yubdo District, Gimbi, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

SiO₂ⓘ Quartz

Quartz

Aksum-Adwa Complex, Tigray Region, Ethiopia

Quartz

Aksum-Adwa Complex, Tigray Region, Ethiopia

Quartz

Aksum-Adwa Complex, Tigray Region, Ethiopia

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Gold var. Electrum	1.AA.05	(Au,Ag)
ⓘ		1.AA.05	Au
ⓘ	Native Lead	1.AA.05	Pb
ⓘ	Native Silver	1.AA.05	Ag
ⓘ	'Tongxinite'	1.AB.10b	Cu₂Zn
ⓘ	Awaruite	1.AE.20	Ni₃Fe
ⓘ	Native Osmium	1.AF.05	(Os,Ir,Ru)
ⓘ	Rutheniridosmine	1.AF.05	(Ir,Os,Ru)
ⓘ	Native Ruthenium	1.AF.05	(Ru,Ir)
ⓘ	Native Osmium var. Iridosmine	1.AF.05	(Os,Ir)
ⓘ	Native Iridium	1.AF.10	(Ir,Os,Ru)
ⓘ	Native Platinum	1.AF.10	Pt
ⓘ	var. Polyxene	1.AF.10	(Pt,Fe,Cu,Ni,Pd,Rh)
ⓘ	Isoferroplatinum	1.AG.35	Pt₃Fe
ⓘ	Ferronickelplatinum	1.AG.40	Pt₂FeNi
ⓘ	Tetraferroplatinum	1.AG.40	PtFe
ⓘ	Tulameenite	1.AG.40	Pt₂CuFe
ⓘ	var. Antimony-bearing Tulameenite	1.AG.40	(Pt,Sb)₂CuFe
ⓘ	Native Antimony	1.CA.05	Sb
ⓘ	Native Bismuth	1.CA.05	Bi
ⓘ	Graphite	1.CB.05a	C
ⓘ	Native Sulphur	1.CC.05	S₈
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Dyscrasite	2.AA.35	Ag₃Sb
ⓘ	Stibiopalladinite	2.AC.20a	Pd₅Sb₂
ⓘ	Genkinite	2.AC.35a	Pt₄Sb₃
ⓘ	Bornite	2.BA.15	Cu₅FeS₄
ⓘ	Hessite	2.BA.60	Ag₂Te
ⓘ	Stützite	2.BA.65	Ag_5-xTe₃, x = 0.24-0.36
ⓘ	Petzite	2.BA.75	Ag₃AuTe₂
ⓘ	Argentopentlandite	2.BB.15	Ag(Fe,Ni)₈S₈
ⓘ	Pentlandite	2.BB.15	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Cubanite	2.CB.55a	CuFe₂S₃
ⓘ	Muthmannite	2.CB.85	AuAgTe₂
ⓘ	Ferrotorryweiserite	2.CC.	Rh₅Fe₁₀S₁₆
ⓘ	Breithauptite	2.CC.05	NiSb
ⓘ	Nickeline	2.CC.05	NiAs
ⓘ	Stumpflite	2.CC.05	PtSb
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Troilite	2.CC.10	FeS
ⓘ	Millerite	2.CC.20	NiS
ⓘ	Mackinawite	2.CC.25	FeS
ⓘ	Altaite ?	2.CD.10	PbTe
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Cuprorhodsite	2.DA.05	(Cu⁺_0.5Fe³⁺_0.5)Rh³⁺₂S₄
ⓘ	Greigite ?	2.DA.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂S₄
ⓘ	Polydymite	2.DA.05	Ni²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄
ⓘ	Violarite	2.DA.05	Fe²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄
ⓘ	Kingstonite (TL)	2.DA.25	Rh₃S₄
ⓘ	Bismuthinite	2.DB.05	Bi₂S₃
ⓘ	Bowieite	2.DB.15	Rh₂S₃
ⓘ	Kashinite	2.DB.15	Ir₂S₃
ⓘ	Laitakarite	2.DC.05	Bi₄(Se,S)₃
ⓘ	Pilsenite	2.DC.05	Bi₄Te₃
ⓘ	Tsumoite	2.DC.05	BiTe
ⓘ	Sylvanite	2.EA.05	AgAuTe₄
ⓘ	Calaverite	2.EA.10	AuTe₂
ⓘ	Molybdenite	2.EA.30	MoS₂
ⓘ	Andrieslombaardite (TL)	2.EB.	RhSbS
ⓘ	Aurostibite	2.EB.05a	AuSb₂
ⓘ	Erlichmanite	2.EB.05a	OsS₂
ⓘ	Laurite	2.EB.05a	RuS₂
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Sperrylite	2.EB.05a	PtAs₂
ⓘ	Marcasite	2.EB.10a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Nisbite	2.EB.15a	NiSb₂
ⓘ	Arsenopyrite	2.EB.20	FeAsS
ⓘ	Cobaltite	2.EB.25	CoAsS
ⓘ	Gersdorffite	2.EB.25	NiAsS
ⓘ	Hollingworthite	2.EB.25	(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
ⓘ	Irarsite	2.EB.25	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
ⓘ	Sperrylite var. Platarsite	2.EB.25	Pt(As,S)₂
ⓘ	Ullmannite	2.EB.25	NiSbS
ⓘ	Orpiment	2.FA.30	As₂S₃
ⓘ	Bournonite	2.GA.50	PbCuSbS₃
ⓘ	'Tennantite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)As₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	Meneghinite	2.HB.05b	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄
ⓘ	Dufrénoysite	2.HC.05d	Pb₂As₂S₅
ⓘ	Boulangerite	2.HC.15	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁
ⓘ	Jordanite	2.JB.30a	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Halite	3.AA.20	NaCl
ⓘ	Sylvite	3.AA.20	KCl
ⓘ	Fluorite	3.AB.25	CaF₂
ⓘ	Carnallite	3.BA.10	KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O
ⓘ	Bischofite	3.BB.15	MgCl₂ · 6H₂O
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	'Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series'	4..
ⓘ	'Microlite Group'	4.00.	A_2-mTa₂X_6-wZ_1-n
ⓘ	'Pyrochlore Group'	4.00.	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
ⓘ	Chromite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Gahnite	4.BB.05	ZnAl₂O₄
ⓘ	Hercynite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄
ⓘ	Magnesiochromite	4.BB.05	MgCr₂O₄
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	var. Ishkulite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Cr³⁺)₂O₄
ⓘ	var. Chrommagnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Cr³⁺)₂O₄
ⓘ	Corundum	4.CB.05	Al₂O₃
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Corundum var. Ruby	4.CB.05	Al₂O₃
ⓘ	var. Sapphire	4.CB.05	Al₂O₃
ⓘ	Quartz var. Agate	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Amethyst	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Chalcedony	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ		4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Smoky Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Opal var. Opal-AN	4.DA.10	SiO₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ		4.DA.10	SiO₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	var. Precious Opal	4.DA.10	SiO₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	var. Precious Fire Opal	4.DA.10	SiO₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	var. White Opal	4.DA.10	SiO₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	var. Opal-CT	4.DA.10	SiO₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Quartz-beta'	4.DA.55	SiO₂
ⓘ	Cassiterite	4.DB.05	SnO₂
ⓘ	Pyrolusite	4.DB.05	Mn⁴⁺O₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Columbite-(Fe)	4.DB.35	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆
ⓘ	Columbite-(Mn)	4.DB.35	Mn²⁺Nb₂O₆
ⓘ	Tantalite-(Mn)	4.DB.35	Mn²⁺Ta₂O₆
ⓘ	Wodginite	4.DB.40	Mn²⁺Sn⁴⁺Ta₂O₈
ⓘ	Anatase	4.DD.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Brookite	4.DD.10	TiO₂
ⓘ	Euxenite-(Y)	4.DG.05	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
ⓘ	Hollandite	4.DK.05a	Ba(Mn⁴⁺₆Mn³⁺₂)O₁₆
ⓘ	Romanèchite	4.DK.10	(Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀
ⓘ	Uraninite	4.DL.05	UO₂
ⓘ	Goethite	4.FD.10	Fe³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	Manganite	4.FD.15	Mn³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	Brucite	4.FE.05	Mg(OH)₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Magnesite var. Iron-bearing Magnesite	5.AB.05	(Mg,Fe)CO₃
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Magnesite	5.AB.05	MgCO₃
ⓘ	Ankerite	5.AB.10	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Dolomite	5.AB.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Dawsonite	5.BB.10	NaAlCO₃(OH)₂
ⓘ	Bismutite	5.BE.25	(BiO)₂CO₃
ⓘ	Natron	5.CB.10	Na₂CO₃ · 10H₂O
ⓘ	Trona	5.CB.15	Na₃H(CO₃)₂ · 2H₂O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Anhydrite	7.AD.30	CaSO₄
ⓘ	Alunite	7.BC.10	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
ⓘ	Kogarkoite	7.BD.15	Na₃(SO₄)F
ⓘ	Gypsum	7.CD.40	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Scheelite	7.GA.05	Ca(WO₄)
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Lithiophilite	8.AB.10	LiMn²⁺PO₄
ⓘ	Amblygonite	8.BB.05	LiAl(PO₄)F
ⓘ	Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite	8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃(OH,O)
ⓘ	Fluorapatite	8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
ⓘ	Hydroxylapatite	8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Annabergite	8.CE.40	Ni₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Dittmarite	8.CH.20	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · H₂O
ⓘ	Brushite	8.CJ.50	Ca(PO₃OH) · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Turquoise	8.DD.15	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	Hotsonite	8.DF.05	Al₁₁(SO₄)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂₁ · 16H₂O
ⓘ	Mitridatite	8.DH.30	Ca₂Fe³⁺₃(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
ⓘ	Robertsite	8.DH.30	Ca₂Mn³⁺₃(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
ⓘ	Meta-autunite	8.EB.10	Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 6H₂O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Chrysotile	9.00.	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Phenakite	9.AA.05	Be₂SiO₄
ⓘ	Fayalite	9.AC.05	Fe²⁺₂(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Forsterite	9.AC.05	Mg₂(SiO₄)
ⓘ	var. Peridot	9.AC.05	Mg₂SiO₄
ⓘ	Andradite	9.AD.25	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Almandine	9.AD.25	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Spessartine	9.AD.25	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Uvarovite	9.AD.25	Ca₃Cr³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Andradite var. Melanite	9.AD.25	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	var. Cyrtolite	9.AD.30	Zr[(SiO₄),(OH)₄]
ⓘ	Sillimanite	9.AF.05	Al₂(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Andalusite	9.AF.10	Al₂(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Kyanite	9.AF.15	Al₂(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Staurolite	9.AF.30	Fe²⁺₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
ⓘ	Topaz	9.AF.35	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTiO(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Clinozoisite	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Beryl var. Aquamarine	9.CJ.05	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
ⓘ		9.CJ.05	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
ⓘ	var. Emerald	9.CJ.05	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
ⓘ	Cordierite	9.CJ.10	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈
ⓘ	Dravite	9.CK.05	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Elbaite	9.CK.05	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Schorl	9.CK.05	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Elbaite var. Paraíba Tourmaline	9.CK.05	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Milarite	9.CM.05	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
ⓘ	Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Hedenbergite	9.DA.15	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
ⓘ	var. Ferroaugite	9.DA.15	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	var. Ferrohedenbergite	9.DA.15	(Ca,Mg,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Aegirine-augite	9.DA.20	(Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Aegirine	9.DA.25	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Spodumene var. Kunzite	9.DA.30	LiAlSi₂O₆
ⓘ		9.DA.30	LiAlSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Anthophyllite	9.DD.05	◻Mg₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Holmquistite	9.DD.05	◻Li₂(Mg₃Al₂)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Cummingtonite	9.DE.05	◻Mg₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Actinolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Magnesio-hornblende	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Tremolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Edenite	9.DE.15	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Hastingsite	9.DE.15	NaCa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Kaersutite	9.DE.15	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
ⓘ	Katophorite	9.DE.20	Na(CaNa){Mg₄Al)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Arfvedsonite	9.DE.25	NaNa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Riebeckite	9.DE.25	◻Na₂(Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Aenigmatite	9.DH.40	Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
ⓘ	Wilkinsonite	9.DH.40	Na₂Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺₂(Si₆O₁₈)O₂
ⓘ	Prehnite	9.DP.20	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Talc	9.EC.05	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite var. Fuchsite	9.EC.15	K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	var. Illite	9.EC.15	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
ⓘ		9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Paragonite	9.EC.15	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite var. Sericite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Phlogopite	9.EC.20	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Montmorillonite	9.EC.40	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Stevensite	9.EC.45	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Swinefordite	9.EC.45	Li(Al,Li,Mg)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)₂(OH,F)₄ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Vermiculite	9.EC.50	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Clinochlore	9.EC.55	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
ⓘ	var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	9.EC.55	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
ⓘ	Corrensite	9.EC.60	(Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Kaolinite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Antigorite	9.ED.15	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Lizardite	9.ED.15	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Petalite ?	9.EF.05	LiAl(Si₄O₁₀)
ⓘ	Nepheline	9.FA.05	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
ⓘ	Microcline var. Amazonite	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ		9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Orthoclase	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Sanidine	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	var. Andesine	9.FA.35	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	Anorthite	9.FA.35	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
ⓘ	Albite var. Anorthoclase	9.FA.35	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
ⓘ	Anorthite var. Bytownite	9.FA.35	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	var. Labradorite	9.FA.35	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	Albite var. Oligoclase	9.FA.35	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	var. Cleavelandite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Sodalite	9.FB.10	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
ⓘ	'Zeolite Group'	9.G0.
ⓘ	Natrolite	9.GA.05	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Scolecite	9.GA.05	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 3H₂O
ⓘ	Analcime	9.GB.05	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
ⓘ	Leucite	9.GB.05	K(AlSi₂O₆)
ⓘ	Pollucite	9.GB.05	(Cs,Na)₂(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Wairakite	9.GB.05	Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Laumontite	9.GB.10	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	Phillipsite-Ca	9.GC.10	Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂ · 12H₂O
ⓘ	Mordenite	9.GD.35	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
ⓘ	Stilbite-Ca	9.GE.10	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
ⓘ	Barrerite	9.GE.15	Na₂(Si₇Al₂)O₁₈ · 6H₂O
ⓘ	Stellerite	9.GE.15	Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Group 10 - Organic Compounds
ⓘ	Weddellite	10.AB.40	Ca(C₂O₄) · (2.5-x)H₂O
ⓘ	Whewellite	10.AB.45	Ca(C₂O₄) · H₂O
Unclassified
ⓘ	'K Feldspar var. Adularia'	-	KAlSi₃O₈
ⓘ	'Alkali Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Amber'	-
ⓘ	'Amphibole Supergroup'	-	AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂
ⓘ	'Asbestos'	-
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Chabazite'	-
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Clinoptilolite Subgroup'	-	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group'	-
ⓘ	'Heulandite Subgroup'	-	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende'	-	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
ⓘ	'Lepidolite'	-
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-
ⓘ	'Stilbite Subgroup'	-	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Tantalite'	-	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
ⓘ	'Tapiolite'	-	(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
ⓘ	'Tourmaline'	-	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
ⓘ	'Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)'	-	(Ca,U,Na)_2-x(Ta,Nb)₂(O,OH)₇
ⓘ	'Wad'	-
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'	-
ⓘ	'Mica Group'	-
ⓘ	'Kerolite'	-	(Mg,Ni)₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · nH₂O (n ~ 1)
ⓘ	'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Unnamed (Pt-Fe Alloy)'	-	Pt₂Fe
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'	-
ⓘ	'Hornblende Root Name Group'	-	◻Ca₂(C²⁺₄C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
ⓘ	'Hollingworthite-Irarsite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Plagioclase'	-	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Pyroxene Group'	-	ADSi₂O₆
ⓘ	'Garnet Group'	-	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Smectite Group'	-	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Serpentine Subgroup'	-	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
ⓘ	'Prassoite'	-	Rh₁₇S₁₅
ⓘ	'Glass'	-
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
ⓘ	'Olivine Group'	-	M₂SiO₄
ⓘ	'Melilite Group'	-	A₂M(XSiO₇)
ⓘ	'Tetrahedrite Group'	-	^M2(A₆)^M1(B₄ C₂)^X3(D₄)^S1(Y₁₂)^S2(Z)
ⓘ	'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'	-	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
ⓘ	'UM1981-08-E:FeIrPtRhRu'	-	Ir-Fe-Pt-Rh-Ru-O-H ?
ⓘ	'UM1981-29-Te:BiRh'	-	Rh(Te,Bi)₂
ⓘ	'UM1981-13-S:CoFeNiRh'	-	(Fe,Ni,Rh,Co)₉S₈
ⓘ	'UM1981-14-S:CuFeIrNiRh'	-	(Fe,Ni,Ir,Rh,Cu,Pt,Co)_1.06S_0.94
ⓘ	'UM1981-15-S:CuFeIrNiRh'	-	(Rh,Fe,Ni,Cu,Ir)S
ⓘ	'UM1981-16-S:CuFeIrNiRh'	-	(Fe,Rh,Ni,Cu,Ir)S
ⓘ	'UM1981-17-S:CuIrPtRh'	-	Pt(Rh,Ir)CuS₄
ⓘ	'Carbonate'	-
ⓘ	'Sodic amphibole'	-
ⓘ	'Alkali pyroxene'	-
ⓘ	'Spinel Subgroup'	-	A²⁺D³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	'UM1992-24-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh'	-	(Rh,Pt,Ir)₃(Fe,Ni,Cu)₃S₈
ⓘ	'UM1992-31-Sb:AsPdRh'	-	(Pd,Rh)₂(Sb,As)
ⓘ	'Rhombohedral Carbonate'	-	(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃
ⓘ	'Roseite'	-	(Os,Ir)S
ⓘ	'Elbaite-Fluor-elbaite Series'	-

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Annabergite	Ni₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Anthophyllite	◻Mg₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	NaNa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Barrerite	Na₂(Si₇Al₂)O₁₈ · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Bischofite	MgCl₂ · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Brushite	Ca(PO₃OH) · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Brucite	Mg(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃(OH,O)
H	ⓘ Carnallite	KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
H	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
H	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Corrensite	(Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Cummingtonite	◻Mg₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Dawsonite	NaAlCO₃(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Dittmarite	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Edenite	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite	K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Holmquistite	◻Li₂(Mg₃Al₂)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
H	ⓘ Hotsonite	Al₁₁(SO₄)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂₁ · 16H₂O
H	ⓘ Opal var. Opal-AN	SiO₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
H	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
H	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Manganite	Mn³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende	◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Meta-autunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Milarite	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
H	ⓘ Mitridatite	Ca₂Fe₃³⁺(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Natron	Na₂CO₃ · 10H₂O
H	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Pollucite	(Cs,Na)₂(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Pyrochlore Group	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
H	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻Na₂(Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Robertsite	Ca₂Mn₃³⁺(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Romanèchite	(Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀
H	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Scolecite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Stellerite	Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
H	ⓘ Stevensite	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Swinefordite	Li(Al,Li,Mg)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)₂(OH,F)₄ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
H	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Trona	Na₃H(CO₃)₂ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)	(Ca,U,Na)_2-x(Ta,Nb)₂(O,OH)₇
H	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Wairakite	Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Weddellite	Ca(C₂O₄) · (2.5-x)H₂O
H	ⓘ Whewellite	Ca(C₂O₄) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Opal var. Precious Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Kerolite	(Mg,Ni)₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · nH₂O (n ~ 1)
H	ⓘ Katophorite	Na(CaNa){Mg₄Al)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂ · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Stilbite-Ca	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
H	ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite	Zr[(SiO₄),(OH)₄]
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
H	ⓘ Elbaite var. Paraíba Tourmaline	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Opal var. Opal-CT	SiO₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ UM1981-08-E:FeIrPtRhRu	Ir-Fe-Pt-Rh-Ru-O-H ?
H	ⓘ Elbaite-Fluor-elbaite Series
Li	Lithium
Li	ⓘ Amblygonite	LiAl(PO₄)F
Li	ⓘ Elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Li	ⓘ Holmquistite	◻Li₂(Mg₃Al₂)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Li	ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite	LiAlSi₂O₆
Li	ⓘ Lithiophilite	LiMn²⁺PO₄
Li	ⓘ Petalite	LiAl(Si₄O₁₀)
Li	ⓘ Spodumene	LiAlSi₂O₆
Li	ⓘ Swinefordite	Li(Al,Li,Mg)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)₂(OH,F)₄ · nH₂O
Li	ⓘ Elbaite var. Paraíba Tourmaline	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Li	ⓘ Elbaite-Fluor-elbaite Series
Be	Beryllium
Be	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Be	ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Be	ⓘ Milarite	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Be	ⓘ Phenakite	Be₂SiO₄
B	Boron
B	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
B	ⓘ Elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
B	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
B	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
B	ⓘ Elbaite var. Paraíba Tourmaline	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
B	ⓘ Elbaite-Fluor-elbaite Series
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Bismutite	(BiO)₂CO₃
C	ⓘ Magnesite var. Iron-bearing Magnesite	(Mg,Fe)CO₃
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃(OH,O)
C	ⓘ Dawsonite	NaAlCO₃(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Graphite	C
C	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
C	ⓘ Natron	Na₂CO₃ · 10H₂O
C	ⓘ Trona	Na₃H(CO₃)₂ · 2H₂O
C	ⓘ Weddellite	Ca(C₂O₄) · (2.5-x)H₂O
C	ⓘ Whewellite	Ca(C₂O₄) · H₂O
C	ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate	(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃
N	Nitrogen
N	ⓘ Dittmarite	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · H₂O
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
O	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Agate	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Amblygonite	LiAl(PO₄)F
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂
O	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Anatase	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
O	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Annabergite	Ni₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
O	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
O	ⓘ Anthophyllite	◻Mg₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	NaNa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Barrerite	Na₂(Si₇Al₂)O₁₈ · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Bischofite	MgCl₂ · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Bismutite	(BiO)₂CO₃
O	ⓘ Magnesite var. Iron-bearing Magnesite	(Mg,Fe)CO₃
O	ⓘ Brookite	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Brushite	Ca(PO₃OH) · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
O	ⓘ Brucite	Mg(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃(OH,O)
O	ⓘ Carnallite	KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Cassiterite	SnO₂
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
O	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
O	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Cordierite	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈
O	ⓘ Corrensite	(Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Corundum	Al₂O₃
O	ⓘ Cummingtonite	◻Mg₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Dawsonite	NaAlCO₃(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Dittmarite	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Edenite	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
O	ⓘ Fayalite	Fe₂²⁺(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆
O	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
O	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite	K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Gahnite	ZnAl₂O₄
O	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Hercynite	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄
O	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Hollandite	Ba(Mn₆⁴⁺Mn₂³⁺)O₁₆
O	ⓘ Holmquistite	◻Li₂(Mg₃Al₂)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
O	ⓘ Hotsonite	Al₁₁(SO₄)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂₁ · 16H₂O
O	ⓘ Opal var. Opal-AN	SiO₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series
O	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
O	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
O	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Kogarkoite	Na₃(SO₄)F
O	ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite	LiAlSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Kyanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Lithiophilite	LiMn²⁺PO₄
O	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Leucite	K(AlSi₂O₆)
O	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
O	ⓘ Magnesiochromite	MgCr₂O₄
O	ⓘ Manganite	Mn³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Columbite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺Nb₂O₆
O	ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺Ta₂O₆
O	ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende	◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Meta-autunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Milarite	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
O	ⓘ Mitridatite	Ca₂Fe₃³⁺(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Natron	Na₂CO₃ · 10H₂O
O	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
O	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Petalite	LiAl(Si₄O₁₀)
O	ⓘ Phenakite	Be₂SiO₄
O	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Pollucite	(Cs,Na)₂(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Pyrochlore Group	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
O	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻Na₂(Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Robertsite	Ca₂Mn₃³⁺(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Romanèchite	(Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀
O	ⓘ Corundum var. Ruby	Al₂O₃
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Corundum var. Sapphire	Al₂O₃
O	ⓘ Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)
O	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Scolecite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Sillimanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
O	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Spodumene	LiAlSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Stellerite	Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
O	ⓘ Stevensite	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Swinefordite	Li(Al,Li,Mg)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)₂(OH,F)₄ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Tantalite	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
O	ⓘ Tapiolite	(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
O	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
O	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Trona	Na₃H(CO₃)₂ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Uraninite	UO₂
O	ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)	(Ca,U,Na)_2-x(Ta,Nb)₂(O,OH)₇
O	ⓘ Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Wairakite	Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Weddellite	Ca(C₂O₄) · (2.5-x)H₂O
O	ⓘ Whewellite	Ca(C₂O₄) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Wilkinsonite	Na₂Fe₄²⁺Fe₂³⁺(Si₆O₁₈)O₂
O	ⓘ Wodginite	Mn²⁺Sn⁴⁺Ta₂O₈
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Opal var. Precious Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Kerolite	(Mg,Ni)₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · nH₂O (n ~ 1)
O	ⓘ Katophorite	Na(CaNa){Mg₄Al)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂ · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Stilbite-Ca	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
O	ⓘ Quartz-beta	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite	Zr[(SiO₄),(OH)₄]
O	ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Forsterite var. Peridot	Mg₂SiO₄
O	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
O	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
O	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(C₄²⁺C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
O	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Magnetite var. Ishkulite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Cr³⁺)₂O₄
O	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
O	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
O	ⓘ Elbaite var. Paraíba Tourmaline	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Olivine Group	M₂SiO₄
O	ⓘ Melilite Group	A₂M(XSiO₇)
O	ⓘ Opal var. Opal-CT	SiO₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Magnetite var. Chrommagnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Cr³⁺)₂O₄
O	ⓘ Augite var. Ferroaugite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ UM1981-08-E:FeIrPtRhRu	Ir-Fe-Pt-Rh-Ru-O-H ?
O	ⓘ Augite var. Ferrohedenbergite	(Ca,Mg,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Spinel Subgroup	A²⁺D₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate	(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃
O	ⓘ Elbaite-Fluor-elbaite Series
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Amblygonite	LiAl(PO₄)F
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
F	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
F	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
F	ⓘ Kogarkoite	Na₃(SO₄)F
F	ⓘ Swinefordite	Li(Al,Li,Mg)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)₂(OH,F)₄ · nH₂O
F	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
F	ⓘ Elbaite-Fluor-elbaite Series
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
Na	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	NaNa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Barrerite	Na₂(Si₇Al₂)O₁₈ · 6H₂O
Na	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
Na	ⓘ Dawsonite	NaAlCO₃(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Na	ⓘ Edenite	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Na	ⓘ Halite	NaCl
Na	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
Na	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Na	ⓘ Kogarkoite	Na₃(SO₄)F
Na	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
Na	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Na	ⓘ Natron	Na₂CO₃ · 10H₂O
Na	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Na	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Pollucite	(Cs,Na)₂(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
Na	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻Na₂(Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Na	ⓘ Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
Na	ⓘ Stevensite	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Trona	Na₃H(CO₃)₂ · 2H₂O
Na	ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)	(Ca,U,Na)_2-x(Ta,Nb)₂(O,OH)₇
Na	ⓘ Wilkinsonite	Na₂Fe₄²⁺Fe₂³⁺(Si₆O₁₈)O₂
Na	ⓘ Katophorite	Na(CaNa){Mg₄Al)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Stilbite-Ca	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Na	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Elbaite var. Paraíba Tourmaline	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Na	ⓘ Elbaite-Fluor-elbaite Series
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Anthophyllite	◻Mg₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Bischofite	MgCl₂ · 6H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Magnesite var. Iron-bearing Magnesite	(Mg,Fe)CO₃
Mg	ⓘ Brucite	Mg(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Carnallite	KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Mg	ⓘ Cordierite	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈
Mg	ⓘ Corrensite	(Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O
Mg	ⓘ Cummingtonite	◻Mg₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Dittmarite	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Mg	ⓘ Edenite	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂(SiO₄)
Mg	ⓘ Holmquistite	◻Li₂(Mg₃Al₂)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Mg	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
Mg	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
Mg	ⓘ Magnesiochromite	MgCr₂O₄
Mg	ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende	◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Mg	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Stevensite	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Swinefordite	Li(Al,Li,Mg)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)₂(OH,F)₄ · nH₂O
Mg	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Kerolite	(Mg,Ni)₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · nH₂O (n ~ 1)
Mg	ⓘ Katophorite	Na(CaNa){Mg₄Al)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Forsterite var. Peridot	Mg₂SiO₄
Mg	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Mg	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Augite var. Ferroaugite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Augite var. Ferrohedenbergite	(Ca,Mg,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate	(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
Al	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Al	ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Amblygonite	LiAl(PO₄)F
Al	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Al	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
Al	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Barrerite	Na₂(Si₇Al₂)O₁₈ · 6H₂O
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Al	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Al	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
Al	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Cordierite	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈
Al	ⓘ Corrensite	(Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Corundum	Al₂O₃
Al	ⓘ Dawsonite	NaAlCO₃(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Edenite	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite	K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Gahnite	ZnAl₂O₄
Al	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Hercynite	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄
Al	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Holmquistite	◻Li₂(Mg₃Al₂)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Al	ⓘ Hotsonite	Al₁₁(SO₄)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂₁ · 16H₂O
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Al	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
Al	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite	LiAlSi₂O₆
Al	ⓘ Kyanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Al	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
Al	ⓘ Leucite	K(AlSi₂O₆)
Al	ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende	◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Milarite	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Al	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Al	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Petalite	LiAl(Si₄O₁₀)
Al	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Pollucite	(Cs,Na)₂(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
Al	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Corundum var. Ruby	Al₂O₃
Al	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Corundum var. Sapphire	Al₂O₃
Al	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Scolecite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 3H₂O
Al	ⓘ Sillimanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Al	ⓘ Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
Al	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Spodumene	LiAlSi₂O₆
Al	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Stellerite	Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Al	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Swinefordite	Li(Al,Li,Mg)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)₂(OH,F)₄ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
Al	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Al	ⓘ Wairakite	Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
Al	ⓘ Katophorite	Na(CaNa){Mg₄Al)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂ · 12H₂O
Al	ⓘ Stilbite-Ca	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(C₄²⁺C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Al	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Al	ⓘ Elbaite var. Paraíba Tourmaline	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
Al	ⓘ Elbaite-Fluor-elbaite Series
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
Si	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Agate	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
Si	ⓘ Anthophyllite	◻Mg₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	NaNa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Barrerite	Na₂(Si₇Al₂)O₁₈ · 6H₂O
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Si	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
Si	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Cordierite	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈
Si	ⓘ Corrensite	(Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Cummingtonite	◻Mg₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Edenite	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Fayalite	Fe₂²⁺(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite	K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Holmquistite	◻Li₂(Mg₃Al₂)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Si	ⓘ Opal var. Opal-AN	SiO₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Si	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
Si	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite	LiAlSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Kyanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
Si	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Leucite	K(AlSi₂O₆)
Si	ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende	◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Milarite	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Si	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Si	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Petalite	LiAl(Si₄O₁₀)
Si	ⓘ Phenakite	Be₂SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Pollucite	(Cs,Na)₂(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
Si	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻Na₂(Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Scolecite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 3H₂O
Si	ⓘ Sillimanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
Si	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Spodumene	LiAlSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Stellerite	Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Si	ⓘ Stevensite	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Swinefordite	Li(Al,Li,Mg)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)₂(OH,F)₄ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Si	ⓘ Wairakite	Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
Si	ⓘ Wilkinsonite	Na₂Fe₄²⁺Fe₂³⁺(Si₆O₁₈)O₂
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Opal var. Precious Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Kerolite	(Mg,Ni)₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · nH₂O (n ~ 1)
Si	ⓘ Katophorite	Na(CaNa){Mg₄Al)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂ · 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Stilbite-Ca	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Si	ⓘ Quartz-beta	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite	Zr[(SiO₄),(OH)₄]
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Forsterite var. Peridot	Mg₂SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Si	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(C₄²⁺C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Elbaite var. Paraíba Tourmaline	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Olivine Group	M₂SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Melilite Group	A₂M(XSiO₇)
Si	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
Si	ⓘ Opal var. Opal-CT	SiO₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Augite var. Ferroaugite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Augite var. Ferrohedenbergite	(Ca,Mg,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Elbaite-Fluor-elbaite Series
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Amblygonite	LiAl(PO₄)F
P	ⓘ Brushite	Ca(PO₃OH) · 2H₂O
P	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃(OH,O)
P	ⓘ Dittmarite	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · H₂O
P	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
P	ⓘ Hotsonite	Al₁₁(SO₄)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂₁ · 16H₂O
P	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
P	ⓘ Lithiophilite	LiMn²⁺PO₄
P	ⓘ Meta-autunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 6H₂O
P	ⓘ Mitridatite	Ca₂Fe₃³⁺(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
P	ⓘ Robertsite	Ca₂Mn₃³⁺(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
P	ⓘ Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
S	ⓘ Argentopentlandite	Ag(Fe,Ni)₈S₈
S	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
S	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
S	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
S	ⓘ Boulangerite	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁
S	ⓘ Bournonite	PbCuSbS₃
S	ⓘ Bowieite	Rh₂S₃
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Cobaltite	CoAsS
S	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
S	ⓘ Cuprorhodsite	(Cu⁺_0.5Fe³⁺_0.5)Rh₂³⁺S₄
S	ⓘ Dufrénoysite	Pb₂As₂S₅
S	ⓘ Erlichmanite	OsS₂
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
S	ⓘ Greigite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺S₄
S	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Hollingworthite	(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
S	ⓘ Hotsonite	Al₁₁(SO₄)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂₁ · 16H₂O
S	ⓘ Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
S	ⓘ Jordanite	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃
S	ⓘ Kashinite	Ir₂S₃
S	ⓘ Kogarkoite	Na₃(SO₄)F
S	ⓘ Laitakarite	Bi₄(Se,S)₃
S	ⓘ Laurite	RuS₂
S	ⓘ Mackinawite	FeS
S	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Meneghinite	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄
S	ⓘ Millerite	NiS
S	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
S	ⓘ Orpiment	As₂S₃
S	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
S	ⓘ Sperrylite var. Platarsite	Pt(As,S)₂
S	ⓘ Polydymite	Ni²⁺Ni₂³⁺S₄
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Native Sulphur	S₈
S	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
S	ⓘ Troilite	FeS
S	ⓘ Ullmannite	NiSbS
S	ⓘ Violarite	Fe²⁺Ni₂³⁺S₄
S	ⓘ Hollingworthite-Irarsite Series
S	ⓘ Prassoite	Rh₁₇S₁₅
S	ⓘ Kingstonite	Rh₃S₄
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Group	^M2(A₆)^M1(B₄ C₂)^X3(D₄)^S1(Y₁₂)^S2(Z)
S	ⓘ UM1981-13-S:CoFeNiRh	(Fe,Ni,Rh,Co)₉S₈
S	ⓘ UM1981-14-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Fe,Ni,Ir,Rh,Cu,Pt,Co)_1.06S_0.94
S	ⓘ UM1981-15-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Rh,Fe,Ni,Cu,Ir)S
S	ⓘ UM1981-16-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Fe,Rh,Ni,Cu,Ir)S
S	ⓘ UM1981-17-S:CuIrPtRh	Pt(Rh,Ir)CuS₄
S	ⓘ UM1992-24-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh	(Rh,Pt,Ir)₃(Fe,Ni,Cu)₃S₈
S	ⓘ Ferrotorryweiserite	Rh₅Fe₁₀S₁₆
S	ⓘ Andrieslombaardite	RhSbS
S	ⓘ Roseite	(Os,Ir)S
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Bischofite	MgCl₂ · 6H₂O
Cl	ⓘ Carnallite	KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O
Cl	ⓘ Halite	NaCl
Cl	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Cl	ⓘ Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
Cl	ⓘ Sylvite	KCl
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
K	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
K	ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase	(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Carnallite	KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O
K	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite	K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
K	ⓘ Leucite	K(AlSi₂O₆)
K	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Milarite	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
K	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
K	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Sylvite	KCl
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Ca	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
Ca	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Ca	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Brushite	Ca(PO₃OH) · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃(OH,O)
Ca	ⓘ Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Edenite	NaCa₂Mg₅(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Ca	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
Ca	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
Ca	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Ca	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
Ca	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende	◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Meta-autunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 6H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Milarite	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Ca	ⓘ Mitridatite	Ca₂Fe₃³⁺(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Ca	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Prehnite	Ca₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Robertsite	Ca₂Mn₃³⁺(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)
Ca	ⓘ Scolecite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 3H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Stellerite	Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Stevensite	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Ca	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)	(Ca,U,Na)_2-x(Ta,Nb)₂(O,OH)₇
Ca	ⓘ Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Ca	ⓘ Wairakite	Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Weddellite	Ca(C₂O₄) · (2.5-x)H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Whewellite	Ca(C₂O₄) · H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Katophorite	Na(CaNa){Mg₄Al)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂ · 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Stilbite-Ca	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Ca	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(C₄²⁺C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
Ca	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Ca	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
Ca	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
Ca	ⓘ Augite var. Ferroaugite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Augite var. Ferrohedenbergite	(Ca,Mg,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate	(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Ti	ⓘ Anatase	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Brookite	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Ti	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Cr	Chromium
Cr	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Cr	ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite	K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Cr	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
Cr	ⓘ Magnesiochromite	MgCr₂O₄
Cr	ⓘ Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Cr	ⓘ Magnetite var. Ishkulite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Cr³⁺)₂O₄
Cr	ⓘ Magnetite var. Chrommagnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Cr³⁺)₂O₄
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Hollandite	Ba(Mn₆⁴⁺Mn₂³⁺)O₁₆
Mn	ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series
Mn	ⓘ Lithiophilite	LiMn²⁺PO₄
Mn	ⓘ Manganite	Mn³⁺O(OH)
Mn	ⓘ Columbite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺Nb₂O₆
Mn	ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺Ta₂O₆
Mn	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
Mn	ⓘ Robertsite	Ca₂Mn₃³⁺(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
Mn	ⓘ Romanèchite	(Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀
Mn	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Mn	ⓘ Tantalite	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
Mn	ⓘ Tapiolite	(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
Mn	ⓘ Wodginite	Mn²⁺Sn⁴⁺Ta₂O₈
Mn	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Mn	ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate	(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Fe	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Fe	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Fe	ⓘ Argentopentlandite	Ag(Fe,Ni)₈S₈
Fe	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
Fe	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	NaNa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Awaruite	Ni₃Fe
Fe	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Fe	ⓘ Magnesite var. Iron-bearing Magnesite	(Mg,Fe)CO₃
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Corrensite	(Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O
Fe	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
Fe	ⓘ Cuprorhodsite	(Cu⁺_0.5Fe³⁺_0.5)Rh₂³⁺S₄
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite	Fe₂²⁺(SiO₄)
Fe	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Ferronickelplatinum	Pt₂FeNi
Fe	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Greigite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺S₄
Fe	ⓘ Hastingsite	NaCa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Hercynite	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Isoferroplatinum	Pt₃Fe
Fe	ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series
Fe	ⓘ Mackinawite	FeS
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Mitridatite	Ca₂Fe₃³⁺(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻Na₂(Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Tantalite	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Tapiolite	(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Tetraferroplatinum	PtFe
Fe	ⓘ Troilite	FeS
Fe	ⓘ Tulameenite	Pt₂CuFe
Fe	ⓘ Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Violarite	Fe²⁺Ni₂³⁺S₄
Fe	ⓘ Wilkinsonite	Na₂Fe₄²⁺Fe₂³⁺(Si₆O₁₈)O₂
Fe	ⓘ Native Platinum var. Polyxene	(Pt,Fe,Cu,Ni,Pd,Rh)
Fe	ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Fe	ⓘ Unnamed (Pt-Fe Alloy)	Pt₂Fe
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Fe	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite var. Ishkulite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Cr³⁺)₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite var. Chrommagnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Cr³⁺)₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Augite var. Ferroaugite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ UM1981-08-E:FeIrPtRhRu	Ir-Fe-Pt-Rh-Ru-O-H ?
Fe	ⓘ UM1981-13-S:CoFeNiRh	(Fe,Ni,Rh,Co)₉S₈
Fe	ⓘ UM1981-14-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Fe,Ni,Ir,Rh,Cu,Pt,Co)_1.06S_0.94
Fe	ⓘ UM1981-15-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Rh,Fe,Ni,Cu,Ir)S
Fe	ⓘ UM1981-16-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Fe,Rh,Ni,Cu,Ir)S
Fe	ⓘ Augite var. Ferrohedenbergite	(Ca,Mg,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Tulameenite var. Antimony-bearing Tulameenite	(Pt,Sb)₂CuFe
Fe	ⓘ UM1992-24-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh	(Rh,Pt,Ir)₃(Fe,Ni,Cu)₃S₈
Fe	ⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate	(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO₃
Fe	ⓘ Ferrotorryweiserite	Rh₅Fe₁₀S₁₆
Co	Cobalt
Co	ⓘ Cobaltite	CoAsS
Co	ⓘ UM1981-13-S:CoFeNiRh	(Fe,Ni,Rh,Co)₉S₈
Co	ⓘ UM1981-14-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Fe,Ni,Ir,Rh,Cu,Pt,Co)_1.06S_0.94
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Annabergite	Ni₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
Ni	ⓘ Argentopentlandite	Ag(Fe,Ni)₈S₈
Ni	ⓘ Awaruite	Ni₃Fe
Ni	ⓘ Breithauptite	NiSb
Ni	ⓘ Ferronickelplatinum	Pt₂FeNi
Ni	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
Ni	ⓘ Millerite	NiS
Ni	ⓘ Nickeline	NiAs
Ni	ⓘ Nisbite	NiSb₂
Ni	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Ni	ⓘ Polydymite	Ni²⁺Ni₂³⁺S₄
Ni	ⓘ Ullmannite	NiSbS
Ni	ⓘ Violarite	Fe²⁺Ni₂³⁺S₄
Ni	ⓘ Native Platinum var. Polyxene	(Pt,Fe,Cu,Ni,Pd,Rh)
Ni	ⓘ Kerolite	(Mg,Ni)₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · nH₂O (n ~ 1)
Ni	ⓘ UM1981-13-S:CoFeNiRh	(Fe,Ni,Rh,Co)₉S₈
Ni	ⓘ UM1981-14-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Fe,Ni,Ir,Rh,Cu,Pt,Co)_1.06S_0.94
Ni	ⓘ UM1981-15-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Rh,Fe,Ni,Cu,Ir)S
Ni	ⓘ UM1981-16-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Fe,Rh,Ni,Cu,Ir)S
Ni	ⓘ UM1992-24-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh	(Rh,Pt,Ir)₃(Fe,Ni,Cu)₃S₈
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Cu	ⓘ Bournonite	PbCuSbS₃
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
Cu	ⓘ Cuprorhodsite	(Cu⁺_0.5Fe³⁺_0.5)Rh₂³⁺S₄
Cu	ⓘ Meneghinite	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄
Cu	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
Cu	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Cu	ⓘ Tulameenite	Pt₂CuFe
Cu	ⓘ Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
Cu	ⓘ Native Platinum var. Polyxene	(Pt,Fe,Cu,Ni,Pd,Rh)
Cu	ⓘ Tongxinite	Cu₂Zn
Cu	ⓘ UM1981-14-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Fe,Ni,Ir,Rh,Cu,Pt,Co)_1.06S_0.94
Cu	ⓘ UM1981-15-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Rh,Fe,Ni,Cu,Ir)S
Cu	ⓘ UM1981-16-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Fe,Rh,Ni,Cu,Ir)S
Cu	ⓘ UM1981-17-S:CuIrPtRh	Pt(Rh,Ir)CuS₄
Cu	ⓘ Tulameenite var. Antimony-bearing Tulameenite	(Pt,Sb)₂CuFe
Cu	ⓘ UM1992-24-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh	(Rh,Pt,Ir)₃(Fe,Ni,Cu)₃S₈
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Gahnite	ZnAl₂O₄
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Zn	ⓘ Tongxinite	Cu₂Zn
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Annabergite	Ni₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
As	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
As	ⓘ Cobaltite	CoAsS
As	ⓘ Dufrénoysite	Pb₂As₂S₅
As	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
As	ⓘ Hollingworthite	(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
As	ⓘ Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
As	ⓘ Jordanite	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃
As	ⓘ Nickeline	NiAs
As	ⓘ Orpiment	As₂S₃
As	ⓘ Sperrylite var. Platarsite	Pt(As,S)₂
As	ⓘ Sperrylite	PtAs₂
As	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
As	ⓘ Hollingworthite-Irarsite Series
As	ⓘ UM1992-31-Sb:AsPdRh	(Pd,Rh)₂(Sb,As)
Se	Selenium
Se	ⓘ Laitakarite	Bi₄(Se,S)₃
Y	Yttrium
Y	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Zr	ⓘ Zircon var. Cyrtolite	Zr[(SiO₄),(OH)₄]
Nb	Niobium
Nb	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Nb	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆
Nb	ⓘ Columbite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺Nb₂O₆
Nb	ⓘ Pyrochlore Group	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
Nb	ⓘ Tantalite	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
Nb	ⓘ Tapiolite	(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
Nb	ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)	(Ca,U,Na)_2-x(Ta,Nb)₂(O,OH)₇
Nb	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Mo	Molybdenum
Mo	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
Ru	Ruthenium
Ru	ⓘ Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Ru	ⓘ Native Iridium	(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ru	ⓘ Laurite	RuS₂
Ru	ⓘ Native Osmium	(Os,Ir,Ru)
Ru	ⓘ Rutheniridosmine	(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ru	ⓘ Native Ruthenium	(Ru,Ir)
Ru	ⓘ Hollingworthite-Irarsite Series
Ru	ⓘ UM1981-08-E:FeIrPtRhRu	Ir-Fe-Pt-Rh-Ru-O-H ?
Rh	Rhodium
Rh	ⓘ Bowieite	Rh₂S₃
Rh	ⓘ Cuprorhodsite	(Cu⁺_0.5Fe³⁺_0.5)Rh₂³⁺S₄
Rh	ⓘ Hollingworthite	(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
Rh	ⓘ Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Rh	ⓘ Native Platinum var. Polyxene	(Pt,Fe,Cu,Ni,Pd,Rh)
Rh	ⓘ Hollingworthite-Irarsite Series
Rh	ⓘ Prassoite	Rh₁₇S₁₅
Rh	ⓘ Kingstonite	Rh₃S₄
Rh	ⓘ UM1981-08-E:FeIrPtRhRu	Ir-Fe-Pt-Rh-Ru-O-H ?
Rh	ⓘ UM1981-29-Te:BiRh	Rh(Te,Bi)₂
Rh	ⓘ UM1981-13-S:CoFeNiRh	(Fe,Ni,Rh,Co)₉S₈
Rh	ⓘ UM1981-14-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Fe,Ni,Ir,Rh,Cu,Pt,Co)_1.06S_0.94
Rh	ⓘ UM1981-15-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Rh,Fe,Ni,Cu,Ir)S
Rh	ⓘ UM1981-16-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Fe,Rh,Ni,Cu,Ir)S
Rh	ⓘ UM1981-17-S:CuIrPtRh	Pt(Rh,Ir)CuS₄
Rh	ⓘ UM1992-24-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh	(Rh,Pt,Ir)₃(Fe,Ni,Cu)₃S₈
Rh	ⓘ UM1992-31-Sb:AsPdRh	(Pd,Rh)₂(Sb,As)
Rh	ⓘ Ferrotorryweiserite	Rh₅Fe₁₀S₁₆
Rh	ⓘ Andrieslombaardite	RhSbS
Pd	Palladium
Pd	ⓘ Hollingworthite	(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
Pd	ⓘ Stibiopalladinite	Pd₅Sb₂
Pd	ⓘ Native Platinum var. Polyxene	(Pt,Fe,Cu,Ni,Pd,Rh)
Pd	ⓘ Hollingworthite-Irarsite Series
Pd	ⓘ UM1992-31-Sb:AsPdRh	(Pd,Rh)₂(Sb,As)
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Argentopentlandite	Ag(Fe,Ni)₈S₈
Ag	ⓘ Dyscrasite	Ag₃Sb
Ag	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Ag	ⓘ Hessite	Ag₂Te
Ag	ⓘ Muthmannite	AuAgTe₂
Ag	ⓘ Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
Ag	ⓘ Native Silver	Ag
Ag	ⓘ Stützite	Ag_5-xTe₃, x = 0.24-0.36
Ag	ⓘ Sylvanite	AgAuTe₄
Sn	Tin
Sn	ⓘ Cassiterite	SnO₂
Sn	ⓘ Wodginite	Mn²⁺Sn⁴⁺Ta₂O₈
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Native Antimony	Sb
Sb	ⓘ Aurostibite	AuSb₂
Sb	ⓘ Boulangerite	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁
Sb	ⓘ Bournonite	PbCuSbS₃
Sb	ⓘ Breithauptite	NiSb
Sb	ⓘ Dyscrasite	Ag₃Sb
Sb	ⓘ Genkinite	Pt₄Sb₃
Sb	ⓘ Meneghinite	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄
Sb	ⓘ Nisbite	NiSb₂
Sb	ⓘ Stibiopalladinite	Pd₅Sb₂
Sb	ⓘ Stumpflite	PtSb
Sb	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Sb	ⓘ Ullmannite	NiSbS
Sb	ⓘ Tulameenite var. Antimony-bearing Tulameenite	(Pt,Sb)₂CuFe
Sb	ⓘ UM1992-31-Sb:AsPdRh	(Pd,Rh)₂(Sb,As)
Sb	ⓘ Andrieslombaardite	RhSbS
Te	Tellurium
Te	ⓘ Altaite	PbTe
Te	ⓘ Calaverite	AuTe₂
Te	ⓘ Hessite	Ag₂Te
Te	ⓘ Muthmannite	AuAgTe₂
Te	ⓘ Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
Te	ⓘ Pilsenite	Bi₄Te₃
Te	ⓘ Stützite	Ag_5-xTe₃, x = 0.24-0.36
Te	ⓘ Sylvanite	AgAuTe₄
Te	ⓘ Tsumoite	BiTe
Te	ⓘ UM1981-29-Te:BiRh	Rh(Te,Bi)₂
Cs	Caesium
Cs	ⓘ Pollucite	(Cs,Na)₂(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O
Ba	Barium
Ba	ⓘ Hollandite	Ba(Mn₆⁴⁺Mn₂³⁺)O₁₆
Ba	ⓘ Romanèchite	(Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀
Ce	Cerium
Ce	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Ta	Tantalum
Ta	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Ta	ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series
Ta	ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺Ta₂O₆
Ta	ⓘ Microlite Group	A_2-mTa₂X_6-wZ_1-n
Ta	ⓘ Tantalite	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
Ta	ⓘ Tapiolite	(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
Ta	ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)	(Ca,U,Na)_2-x(Ta,Nb)₂(O,OH)₇
Ta	ⓘ Wodginite	Mn²⁺Sn⁴⁺Ta₂O₈
W	Tungsten
W	ⓘ Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)
Os	Osmium
Os	ⓘ Erlichmanite	OsS₂
Os	ⓘ Native Iridium	(Ir,Os,Ru)
Os	ⓘ Native Osmium	(Os,Ir,Ru)
Os	ⓘ Rutheniridosmine	(Ir,Os,Ru)
Os	ⓘ Native Osmium var. Iridosmine	(Os,Ir)
Os	ⓘ Roseite	(Os,Ir)S
Ir	Iridium
Ir	ⓘ Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Ir	ⓘ Native Iridium	(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ir	ⓘ Kashinite	Ir₂S₃
Ir	ⓘ Native Osmium	(Os,Ir,Ru)
Ir	ⓘ Rutheniridosmine	(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ir	ⓘ Native Ruthenium	(Ru,Ir)
Ir	ⓘ Native Osmium var. Iridosmine	(Os,Ir)
Ir	ⓘ Hollingworthite-Irarsite Series
Ir	ⓘ UM1981-08-E:FeIrPtRhRu	Ir-Fe-Pt-Rh-Ru-O-H ?
Ir	ⓘ UM1981-14-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Fe,Ni,Ir,Rh,Cu,Pt,Co)_1.06S_0.94
Ir	ⓘ UM1981-15-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Rh,Fe,Ni,Cu,Ir)S
Ir	ⓘ UM1981-16-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Fe,Rh,Ni,Cu,Ir)S
Ir	ⓘ UM1981-17-S:CuIrPtRh	Pt(Rh,Ir)CuS₄
Ir	ⓘ UM1992-24-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh	(Rh,Pt,Ir)₃(Fe,Ni,Cu)₃S₈
Ir	ⓘ Roseite	(Os,Ir)S
Pt	Platinum
Pt	ⓘ Ferronickelplatinum	Pt₂FeNi
Pt	ⓘ Genkinite	Pt₄Sb₃
Pt	ⓘ Hollingworthite	(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
Pt	ⓘ Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Pt	ⓘ Isoferroplatinum	Pt₃Fe
Pt	ⓘ Sperrylite var. Platarsite	Pt(As,S)₂
Pt	ⓘ Native Platinum	Pt
Pt	ⓘ Sperrylite	PtAs₂
Pt	ⓘ Stumpflite	PtSb
Pt	ⓘ Tetraferroplatinum	PtFe
Pt	ⓘ Tulameenite	Pt₂CuFe
Pt	ⓘ Native Platinum var. Polyxene	(Pt,Fe,Cu,Ni,Pd,Rh)
Pt	ⓘ Unnamed (Pt-Fe Alloy)	Pt₂Fe
Pt	ⓘ Hollingworthite-Irarsite Series
Pt	ⓘ UM1981-08-E:FeIrPtRhRu	Ir-Fe-Pt-Rh-Ru-O-H ?
Pt	ⓘ UM1981-14-S:CuFeIrNiRh	(Fe,Ni,Ir,Rh,Cu,Pt,Co)_1.06S_0.94
Pt	ⓘ UM1981-17-S:CuIrPtRh	Pt(Rh,Ir)CuS₄
Pt	ⓘ Tulameenite var. Antimony-bearing Tulameenite	(Pt,Sb)₂CuFe
Pt	ⓘ UM1992-24-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh	(Rh,Pt,Ir)₃(Fe,Ni,Cu)₃S₈
Au	Gold
Au	ⓘ Aurostibite	AuSb₂
Au	ⓘ Calaverite	AuTe₂
Au	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Au	ⓘ Native Gold	Au
Au	ⓘ Muthmannite	AuAgTe₂
Au	ⓘ Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
Au	ⓘ Sylvanite	AgAuTe₄
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Altaite	PbTe
Pb	ⓘ Boulangerite	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁
Pb	ⓘ Bournonite	PbCuSbS₃
Pb	ⓘ Dufrénoysite	Pb₂As₂S₅
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Pb	ⓘ Jordanite	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃
Pb	ⓘ Native Lead	Pb
Pb	ⓘ Meneghinite	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄
Bi	Bismuth
Bi	ⓘ Native Bismuth	Bi
Bi	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
Bi	ⓘ Bismutite	(BiO)₂CO₃
Bi	ⓘ Laitakarite	Bi₄(Se,S)₃
Bi	ⓘ Pilsenite	Bi₄Te₃
Bi	ⓘ Tsumoite	BiTe
Bi	ⓘ UM1981-29-Te:BiRh	Rh(Te,Bi)₂
Th	Thorium
Th	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
U	Uranium
U	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
U	ⓘ Meta-autunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 6H₂O
U	ⓘ Uraninite	UO₂
U	ⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)	(Ca,U,Na)_2-x(Ta,Nb)₂(O,OH)₇

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Cenozoic : 25 ± 0.9 Ma to Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic Time

Rocks, Minerals and Events

ⓘ Obsidian (youngest age)

Boina Volcanic Region, Fanti Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Pleistocene

ⓘ Obsidian (oldest age)	0.12 ± 0.05 Ma	Ma'Alalta Volcano, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia
ⓘ Trachybasalt	1.74 Ma	Chilallo Volcano, Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
ⓘ Trachytic tuff	2.54 Ma	Chilallo Volcano, Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Neogene

Pliocene

ⓘ Trachyte (youngest age)	2.70 Ma	Cacca Volcano, Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
ⓘ Soda trachyte	3.4 ± 0.4 Ma	Cacca Volcano, Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
ⓘ Sanidine	4.5 ± 0.1 Ma	Wachacha Volcanic Dome, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Miocene

ⓘ Trachyte (oldest age)	10.5 ± 2.1 Ma	Wollega-Ilubaror Volcanic Field, West Welega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
ⓘ Granite	22.0 Ma	Asa Ale Granite, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Paleogene

Oligocene

ⓘ Peralkaline alkali-feldspar-granite

25 ± 0.9 Ma

Affara Dara Peralkaline Granite, Kilbet Rasu, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Fossils

There are 3462 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences

3462

Youngest Fossil Listed

0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)

Oldest Fossil Listed

252 Ma (Permian)

Stratigraphic Units

Click here to view 82 stratigraphic units.

Fossils from Region

Click here to show the list.

Accepted Name	Hierarchy	Age
Palorbitolina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Loftusiida : Orbitolinidae : *Palorbitolina*	125.45 - 122.46 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Praeorbitolina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Loftusiida : Orbitolinidae : *Praeorbitolina*	125.45 - 122.46 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Scleractinia order	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia	163.5 - 122.46 Ma Mesozoic
Latomeandra genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Calamophylliidae : *Latomeandra*	155.7 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Latusastrea genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Heterocoeniidae : *Latusastrea*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Serpula genus	Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Serpulidae : *Serpula*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Gastropoda class	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda	163.5 - 1.806 Ma Phanerozoic
Leptomaria genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Pleurotomariida : Pleurotomariidae : *Leptomaria*	125.45 - 122.46 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Pleurotomaria genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Microdomatidae : *Pleurotomaria*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Trochus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Pleurotomariida : Pseudophoridae : *Trochus*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Turbo genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Turbo*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Ampullina genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architaenioglossa : Ampullinidae : *Ampullina*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Aporrhais genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Aporrhaidae : *Aporrhais*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Cerithium genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cerithiidae : *Cerithium*	163.5 - 122.46 Ma Mesozoic
Dicroloma genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Aporrhaidae : *Dicroloma*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Harpagodes genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Aporrhaidae : *Harpagodes*	157.3 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Lambis genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Strombidae : *Lambis*	166.1 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Natica genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : *Natica*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Purpuroidea genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Purpuroideidae : *Purpuroidea*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Turritella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turritellidae : *Turritella*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Tylostoma genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Tylostomatidae : *Tylostoma*	125.45 - 122.46 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Nerinea genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Nerineidae : *Nerinea*	166.1 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Nerinella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Nerinellidae : *Nerinella*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Trochalia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : *Trochalia*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Nautilida order	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Nautilida	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Anavirgatites genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : *Anavirgatites*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Aspidoceras genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Aspidoceratidae : *Aspidoceras*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Perisphinctes genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Perisphinctidae : *Perisphinctes*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Subplanites genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Perisphinctidae : *Subplanites*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Belemnites genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Belemnitida : *Belemnites*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Belemnopsis genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Belemnitida : Belemnopseidae : *Belemnopsis*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Bivalvia class	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Arca genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : *Arca*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Isoarca genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : *Isoarca*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Mytilida order	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Falcimytilus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : *Falcimytilus*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Pinna genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pinnidae : *Pinna*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Actinostreon genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : *Actinostreon*	166.1 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Aequipecten genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : *Aequipecten*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Arctostrea genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : *Arctostrea*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Atreta genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Dimyidae : *Atreta*	125.45 - 122.46 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Camptonectes genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : *Camptonectes*	155.7 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Chondrodonta genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Chondrodontidae : *Chondrodonta*	125.45 - 122.46 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Ctenostreon genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Limida : Limidae : *Ctenostreon*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Exogyra genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : *Exogyra*	166.1 - 122.46 Ma Mesozoic
Gryphaea genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : *Gryphaea*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Lima genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Limida : Limidae : *Lima*	161.2 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Liostrea genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : *Liostrea*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Lopha genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : *Lopha*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Ostrea genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : *Ostraea*	163.5 - 122.46 Ma Mesozoic
Pecten genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : *Pecten*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Plagiostoma genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Limida : Limidae : *Plagiostoma*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Plicatula genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Plicatulidae : *Plicatula*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Myophorella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Trigoniida : Myophorellidae : *Myophorella*	155.7 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Rutitrigonia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Trigoniida : Rutitrigoniidae : *Rutitrigonia*	155.7 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Trigonia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Trigoniida : Trigoniidae : *Trigonia*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Anisocardia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Arcticidae : *Anisocardia*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Arctica genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Arcticidae : *Arctica*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Astarte genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Astartidae : *Astarte*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Cardium genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : *Cardium*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Ceratomyopsis genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Megalodontida : Ceratomyopsidae : *Ceratomyopsis*	155.7 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Fimbria genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : *Fimbria*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Glossus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Glossidae : *Glossus*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Lucina genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : *Lucina*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Mactromya genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Mactromyidae : *Mactromya*	155.7 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Pseudisocardia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : *Pseudisocardia*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Tancredia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tancrediidae : *Tancredia*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Tellina genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : *Tellina*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Unicardium genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Mactromyidae : *Unicardium*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Ceratomya genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Ceratomyidae : *Ceratomya*	166.1 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Homomya genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : *Homomya*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Pholadomya genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : *Pholadomya*	166.1 - 122.46 Ma Mesozoic
Plectomya genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Laternulidae : *Plectomya*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Arachnida class	Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Brachiopoda phylum	Animalia : Brachiopoda	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Rhynchonellida order	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida	166.1 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Amydroptychus genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : *Amydroptychus*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Colpotoria genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : *Colpotoria*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Cymatorhynchia genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : *Cymatorhynchia*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Daghanirhynchia genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : *Daghanirhynchia*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Rhynchonella genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Rhynchonellidae : *Rhynchonella*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Septaliphoria genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Cyclothyrididae : *Septaliphoria*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Somalirhynchia genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : *Somalirhynchia*	166.1 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Terebratulida order	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida	166.1 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Cererithyris genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Loboidothyrididae : *Cererithyris*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Kutchithyris genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Postepithyrididae : *Kutchithyris*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Monsardithyris genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Lissajousithyrididae : *Monsardithyris*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Eudesia (Sphriganaria) subgenus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Eudesiidae : Eudesia : *Eudesia (Sphriganaria)*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Terebratula genus	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Terebratulidae : *Terebratula*	166.1 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Crinoidea class	Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Rhabdocidaris genus	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Cidaroida : Rhabdocidaridae : *Rhabdocidaris*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Acrosalenia genus	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Salenioida : Acrosaleniidae : *Acrosalenia*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Acrocidaris genus	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Pseudodiadematidae : *Acrocidaris*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Clypeus genus	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Cassiduloida : Clypeidae : *Clypeus*	168.3 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Hybodus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Hybodontiformes : Hybodontidae : *Hybodus*	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Rhinobatos genus	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Rajiformes : Rhinobatidae : *Rhinobatos*	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Osteichthyes unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Lepidotes genus	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Lepisosteiformes : *Lepidotes*	237 - 145 Ma Mesozoic
Pycnodus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Pycnodontiformes : Pycnodontidae : *Pycnodus*	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Amphibia class	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia	3.6 - 0.126 Ma Cenozoic
Reptilia class	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Crocodylia unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Aves class	Animalia : Chordata : Aves	2.588 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Mammalia class	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Carnivora order	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora	11.1 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Enhydriodon genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Enhydriodon*	11.62 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Pelomedusidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pelomedusidae	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Plesiochelyidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Plesiochelyidae	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Pleurosternidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pleurosternidae	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Lacertilia suborder	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Lacertilia	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Python genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Pythonidae : *Python*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Goniopholis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Goniopholididae : *Goniopholis*	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Crocodylidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Crocodylus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae : *Crocodylus*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Theropoda unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Theropoda	237 - 174.1 Ma Mesozoic
Brachiosauridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Brachiosauridae	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Hypsilophodontidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Hypsilophodontidae	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Falconiformes order	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Falconiformes	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Pandion genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Pandionidae : *Pandion*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Ardeidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pelecaniformes : Ardeidae	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Ardea genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pelecaniformes : Ardeidae : *Ardea*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Podiceps genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Podicipediformes : Podicipedidae : *Podiceps*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Phalacrocorax genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Suliformes : Phalacrocoracidae : *Phalacrocorax*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Galeopithecidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Galeopithecidae	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Crocidura genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Soricidae : *Crocidura*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Myosorex genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Soricidae : *Myosorex*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Suncus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Soricidae : *Suncus*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Microchiroptera suborder	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera : Microchiroptera	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Taphozous genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera : Emballonuridae : *Taphozous*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Hipposideros genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera : Hipposideridae : *Hipposideros*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Cercopithecidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Cercocebus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Cercocebus*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Colobus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Colobus*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Libypithecus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Libypithecus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Macaca genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Macaca*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Papio genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Papio*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Paracolobus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Paracolobus*	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Parapapio genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Parapapio*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Theropithecus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Theropithecus*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Hominidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Australopithecus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : *Australopithecus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Homo genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : *Homo*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Viverridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverridae	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Genetta genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverridae : *Genetta*	11.62 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Helogale genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : *Helogale*	11.62 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Herpestes genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : *Herpestes*	11.62 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Viverra genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverridae : *Viverra*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Hyaenidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae	11.62 - 0.126 Ma Cenozoic
Chasmaporthetes genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : *Chasmaporthetes*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Hyaena genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : *Hyaena*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Hyaenictis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : *Hyaenictis*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Pachycrocuta genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : *Pachycrocuta*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Percrocuta genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : *Percrocuta*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Felidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae	11.62 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Dinofelis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : *Dinofelis*	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Felis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : *Felis*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Homotherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : *Homotherium*	13.82 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Machairodus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : *Machairodus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Megantereon genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : *Megantereon*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Panthera genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : *Panthera*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Mustelidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Lutra genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Lutra*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Mellivora genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Mellivora*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Plesiogulo genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Plesiogulo*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Canidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae	5.333 - 0.126 Ma Cenozoic
Canis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : *Canis*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Nyctereutes genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : *Nyctereutes*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Ursidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Ursidae	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Agriotherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hemicyonidae : *Agriotherium*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Rodentia order	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia	13.82 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Sciuridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Xerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Xerus*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Cricetidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Cricetidae	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Gerbillus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Gerbillus*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Tatera genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Tatera*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Muridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae	3.6 - 0.126 Ma Cenozoic
Acomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Acomys*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Aethomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Aethomys*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Arvicanthis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Arvicanthis*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Lemniscomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Lemniscomys*	11.62 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Mastomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Mastomys*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Mus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Mus*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Pelomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Pelomys*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Saidomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Saidomys*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Thallomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Thallomys*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Heterocephalus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Bathyergidae : *Heterocephalus*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Hystricidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Hystrix genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae : *Hystrix*	11.62 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Xenohystrix genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae : *Xenohystrix*	11.62 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Paraphiomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae : *Paraphiomys*	13.82 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Thryonomyidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Paraulacodus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae : *Paraulacodus*	13.82 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Thryonomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae : *Thryonomys*	11.62 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Leporidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Leporidae	11.62 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Lepus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Leporidae : *Lepus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Suidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae	13.82 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Kolpochoerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : *Kolpochoerus*	11.62 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Mesochoerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : *Mesochoerus*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Metridiochoerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : *Metridiochoerus*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Notochoerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : *Notochoerus*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Nyanzachoerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : *Nyanzachoerus*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Phacochoerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : *Phacochoerus*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Stylochoerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : *Stylochoerus*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Hippopotamidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae	13.82 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Hexaprotodon genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : *Hexaprotodon*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Hippopotamus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : *Hippopotamus*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Camelus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Camelidae : *Camelus*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Giraffidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Giraffa genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : *Giraffa*	11.62 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Palaeotragus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : *Palaeotragus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Sivatherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : *Sivatherium*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Bovidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Aepyceros genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Aepyceros*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Alcelaphus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Alcelaphus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Antidorcas genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Antidorcas*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Antilope genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Antilope*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Beatragus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Beatragus*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Bos genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Bos*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Damaliscus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Damaliscus*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Damalops genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Damalops*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Gazella genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Gazella*	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Hippotragus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Hippotragus*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Kobus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Kobus*	11.62 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Madoqua genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Madoqua*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Menelikia genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Menelikia*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Oryx genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Oryx*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Parmularius genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Parmularius*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Pelorovis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Pelorovis*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Prostrepsiceros genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Prostrepsiceros*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Raphicerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Raphicerus*	11.62 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Redunca genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Redunca*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Simatherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Simatherium*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Syncerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Syncerus*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Tragelaphus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Tragelaphus*	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Tragoportax genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Tragoportax*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Ugandax genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Ugandax*	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Equidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae	11.62 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Equus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : *Equus*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Hipparion genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : *Hipparion*	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Ancylotherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Chalicotheriidae : *Ancylotherium*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Rhinocerotidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Brachypotherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Brachypotherium*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Ceratotherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Ceratotherium*	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Dicerorhinus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Dicerorhinus*	13.82 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Diceros genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : *Diceros*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Gomphotheriidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Gomphotheriidae	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Anancus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : *Anancus*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Gomphotherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Gomphotheriidae : *Gomphotherium*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Palaeomastodon genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Gomphotheriidae : *Palaeomastodon*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Tetralophodon genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : *Tetralophodon*	13.82 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Elephantidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Elephas genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : *Elephas*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Loxodonta genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : *Loxodonta*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Mammuthus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : *Mammuthus*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Stegodon genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Stegodontidae : *Stegodon*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Deinotheriidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Deinotherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : *Deinotherium*	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Bunohyrax genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Pliohyracidae : *Bunohyrax*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Megalohyrax genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Pliohyracidae : *Megalohyrax*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Pachyhyrax genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Pliohyracidae : *Pachyhyrax*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Orycteropus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Tubulidentata : Orycteropodidae : *Orycteropus*	11.62 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Crocuta genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : *Crocuta*	3.6 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Tetanurae unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Tetanurae	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Mesoeucrocodylia unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Mesoeucrocodylia	237 - 145 Ma Mesozoic
Praomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Praomys*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Ophidia suborder	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Ophidia	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Amphiastrea basaltiformis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Amphiastraeidae : Amphiastrea : *Amphiastrea basaltiformis*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Stephanastrea ramulifera species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Actinastreidae : Stephanastrea : *Stephanastrea ramulifera*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Dromaeosaurinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Avetheropoda : Dromaeosauridae : Dromaeosaurinae	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Lutrinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Lutrinae	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Hippotragini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Hippotragini	11.62 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Chaetetidae family	Animalia : Porifera : Chaetetidae	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Testudines order	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Isastrea genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Montlivaltiidae : *Isastrea*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Hybodontidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Hybodontiformes : Hybodontidae	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Linyphiidae family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Araneae : Linyphiidae	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Ceratodontidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Ceratodontidae	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Astartidae family	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Astartidae	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Cardiidae family	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Limidae family	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Limida : Limidae	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Protocardia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : *Protocardia*	155.7 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Bagridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Bagridae	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Semionotidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Semionotiformes : Semionotidae	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Cyprinidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Cypriniformes : Cyprinidae	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Barbus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Cypriniformes : Cyprinidae : *Barbus*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Priohybodus arambourgi species	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Hybodontiformes : Hybodontidae : Priohybodus : *Priohybodus arambourgi*	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Asiatoceratodus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Ceratodontiformes : Neoceratodontidae : *Asiatoceratodus*	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Paraxerus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Paraxerus*	11.62 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Blanfordiceras genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Neocomitidae : *Blanfordiceras*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Coleoptera order	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Diptera order	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Diptera	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Formicidae genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Formicidae : *Formicidae*	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Melosira genus	Chromista : Ochrophyta : Bacillariophyceae : Melosirales : Melosiraceae : *Melosira*	11.62 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Lepidoptera order	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Lepidoptera	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Hyaenictitherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : *Hyaenictitherium*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Modiolus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : *Modiolus*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Archaeopotamus harvardi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Archaeopotamus : *Archaeopotamus harvardi*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Hexaprotodon bruneti species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hexaprotodon : *Hexaprotodon bruneti*	3.6 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Hippopotamus amphibius species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hippopotamus : *Hippopotamus amphibius*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Hippopotamus gorgops species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hippopotamus : *Hippopotamus gorgops*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Hexaprotodon coryndoni species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hexaprotodon : *Hexaprotodon coryndoni*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Hippopotamus karumensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hippopotamus : *Hippopotamus karumensis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Kenyapotamus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : *Kenyapotamus*	11.1 - 9.7 Ma Miocene
Cyclotella genus	Chromista : Ochrophyta : Bacillariophyceae : Thalassiosirales : Stephanodiscaceae : *Cyclotella*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Nitzschia genus	Bacillariophyta : *Nitzschia*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Synedra genus	Chromista : Ochrophyta : Bacillariophyceae : Fragilariales : Fragilariaceae : *Synedra*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Pleurostylina corallina species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Amphiastraeidae : Pleurostylina : *Pleurostylina corallina*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Praeanthropus africanus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Praeanthropus : *Praeanthropus africanus*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Ardipithecus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : *Ardipithecus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Australopithecus africanus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Australopithecus : *Australopithecus africanus*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Paranthropus boisei species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Paranthropus : *Paranthropus boisei*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Homo habilis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Homo : *Homo habilis*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Homo erectus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Homo : *Homo erectus*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Homo sapiens species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Homo : *Homo sapiens*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Ardipithecus ramidus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Ardipithecus : *Ardipithecus ramidus*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Hippopotamus protamphibius species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hippopotamus : *Hippopotamus protamphibius*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Achnanthes genus	Chromista : Ochrophyta : Bacillariophyceae : Achnanthales : Achnanthaceae : *Achnanthes*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Cymbella genus	Chromista : Ochrophyta : Bacillariophyceae : Cymbellales : Cymbellaceae : *Cymbella*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Fragilaria genus	Chromista : Ochrophyta : Bacillariophyceae : Fragilariales : Fragilariaceae : *Fragilaria*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Trypanites genus	*Trypanites*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Nucula (Palaeonucula) cuneiformis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculida : Nuculidae : Palaeonucula : *Nucula (Palaeonucula) cuneiformis*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Lamellaptychus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Lamellaptychidae : *Lamellaptychus*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Protopterus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Ceratodontiformes : Lepidosirenidae : *Protopterus*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Cercopithecinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Cercopithecinae	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Chlorocebus aethiops species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Chlorocebus : *Chlorocebus aethiops*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Caprini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Caprini	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Hemiptera order	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Actinopteri class	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Tragelaphus gaudryi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus : *Tragelaphus gaudryi*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Bovinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bovinae	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Hyainailouros genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : *Hyainailouros*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Modiola (Lithophagus) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Modiolus : *Modiola (Lithophagus)*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Bovini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bovini	11.62 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Tragelaphini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphini	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Boselaphini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Boselaphini	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Antilopini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Antilopini	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Reduncini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Reduncini	11.62 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Alcelaphini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphini	11.62 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Arsinoitherium giganteum species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Arsinoitheriidae : Arsinoitherium : *Arsinoitherium giganteum*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Chilgatherium harrisi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : Chilgatherium : *Chilgatherium harrisi*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Phiomia major species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Gomphotheriidae : Phiomia : *Phiomia major*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Galago genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Galagidae : *Galago*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Gerbillinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : Gerbillinae	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Papio hamadryas species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Papio : *Papio hamadryas*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Panthera pardus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Panthera : *Panthera pardus*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Diceros bicornis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Diceros : *Diceros bicornis*	11.62 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Lepus capensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Leporidae : Lepus : *Lepus capensis*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Gastrochaenolites genus	*Gastrochaenolites*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Dendromurinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Nesomyidae : Dendromurinae	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Tachyoryctes genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Spalacidae : *Tachyoryctes*	11.62 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Testudinata unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudinata	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Apiocrinus genus	Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : Millericrinida : Apiocrinidae : *Apiocrinus*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Hystrix cristata species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae : Hystrix : *Hystrix cristata*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Steineria somaliensis species	Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Axinellida : Milleporellidae : Steinerina : *Steineria somaliensis*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Ceratotherium simum species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Ceratotherium : *Ceratotherium simum*	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Actinastrea crassoramosa species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Actinastreidae : Actinastrea : *Actinastrea crassoramosa*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Lochmaeosmilia trapeziformis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Amphiastreidae : Lochmaeosmilia : *Lochmaeosmilia trapeziformis*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Cladophyllia excelsa species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Amphiastreidae : Cladophyllia : *Cladophyllia excelsa*	155.7 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Pseudocoenia limbata species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylinidae : Pseudocoenia : *Pseudocoenia limbata*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Calamophylliopsis flabellum species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Dermosmiliidae : Calamophylliopsis : *Calamophylliopsis flabellum*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Xestosina subsella species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Postepithyrididae : Xestosina : *Xestosina subsella*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Xestosina suprajurensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Postepithyrididae : Xestosina : *Xestosina suprajurensis*	157.3 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Galagoides genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Galagidae : *Galagoides*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Hippotherium primigenium species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Hippotherium : *Hippotherium primigenium*	13.82 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Clarias genus	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Clariidae : *Clarias*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Polypterus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Polypteriformes : Polypteridae : *Polypterus*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Gymnarchus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Osteoglossiformes : Gymnarchidae : *Gymnarchus*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Synodontis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Mochokidae : *Synodontis*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Epistreptophyllum cornutiformis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Dermosmiliidae : Epistreptophyllum : *Epistreptophyllum cornutiformis*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Comoseris meandrinoides species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Microsolenidae : Comoseris : *Comoseris meandrinoides*	155.7 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Entolium demissus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Entolium : *Entolium demissus*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Camptonectes lens species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Camptonectes : *Camptonectes lens*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Eurygnathohippus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : *Eurygnathohippus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Eurygnathohippus turkanense species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Eurygnathohippus : *Eurygnathohippus turkanense*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Eurygnathohippus afarense species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Eurygnathohippus : *Eurygnathohippus afarense*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Eurygnathohippus libycum species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Eurygnathohippus : *Eurygnathohippus libycum*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Phacochoerus aethiopicus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Phacochoerus : *Phacochoerus aethiopicus*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Theropithecus oswaldi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Theropithecus : *Theropithecus oswaldi*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Palaeoloxodon recki species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Elephas : *Palaeoloxodon recki*	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Kolpochoerus majus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Kolpochoerus : *Kolpochoerus majus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Kolpochoerus limnetes species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Kolpochoerus : *Kolpochoerus limnetes*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Metridiochoerus andrewsi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Metridiochoerus : *Metridiochoerus andrewsi*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Metridiochoerus modestus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Metridiochoerus : *Metridiochoerus modestus*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Giraffa jumae species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Giraffa : *Giraffa jumae*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Sivatherium maurusium species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Sivatherium : *Sivatherium maurusium*	11.62 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Pelorovis turkanensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Pelorovis : *Pelorovis turkanensis*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Connochaetes taurina species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Connochaetes : *Connochaetes taurina*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Connochaetes genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Connochaetes*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Connochaetes gentryi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Connochaetes : *Connochaetes gentryi*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Collembola class	Animalia : Arthropoda : Collembola	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Limea strigillata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Limidae : Limea : *Limea strigillata*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Allocoeniopsis luciensis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Actinastreidae : Allocoeniopsis : *Allocoeniopsis luciensis*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Cryptocoenia slovenica species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylinidae : Cryptocoenia : *Cryptocoenia slovenica*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Amphiastrea piriformis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Amphiastraeidae : Amphiastrea : *Amphiastrea piriformis*	166.1 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Isastrea explanata species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Montlivaltiidae : Isastrea : *Isastrea explanata*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Latiastrea minima species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Latomeandridae : Latiastrea : *Latiastrea minima*	166.1 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Latiastrea greppini species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Latomeandridae : Latiastrea : *Latiastrea greppini*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Stylina thiessingi species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylinidae : Stylina : *Stylina thiessingi*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Heliocoenia etalloni species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylinidae : Heliocoenia : *Heliocoenia etalloni*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Collignonastraea grossouvrei species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Latomeandridae : Collignonastraea : *Collignonastraea grossouvrei*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Heliocoenia costulata species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylinidae : Heliocoenia : *Heliocoenia costulata*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Kenyasaurus mariakaniensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Tangasauridae : Kenyasaurus : *Kenyasaurus mariakaniensis*	252.17 - 247.2 Ma Phanerozoic
Heterohyrax brucei species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Procaviidae : Heterohyrax : *Heterohyrax brucei*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Actinastrea furcata species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Actinastreidae : Actinastrea : *Actinastrea furcata*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Heliocoenia corallina species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylinidae : Heliocoenia : *Heliocoenia corallina*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Ovalastrea michelini species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Latomeandridae : Ovalastrea : *Ovalastrea michelini*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Alcelaphus buselaphus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphus : *Alcelaphus buselaphus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Kobus ellipsiprymnus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : *Kobus ellipsiprymnus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Redunca redunca species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Redunca : *Redunca redunca*	0.781 - 0.126 Ma Pleistocene
Eulophidae family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Eulophidae	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Trichogrammatidae family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Mymaridae family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Mymaridae	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Isastrea bernensis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Merulinidae : Isastraea : *Isastrea bernensis*	166.1 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Microphyllia brevivallis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Latomeandridae : Microphyllia : *Microphyllia brevivallis*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Kobyastraea lomontiana species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Kobyastraeidae : Kobyastraea : *Kobyastraea lomontiana*	166.1 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Chororapithecus abyssinicus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Chororapithecus : *Chororapithecus abyssinicus*	11.1 - 9.7 Ma Miocene
Aonyx capensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Aonyx : *Aonyx capensis*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Deinotherium bozasi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : Deinotherium : *Deinotherium bozasi*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Eidolon genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera : Pteropodidae : *Eidolon*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Atherurus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae : *Atherurus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Neotragini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Neotragini	5.333 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Anancus kenyensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Anancus : *Anancus kenyensis*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Stegotetrabelodon orbus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Stegotetrabelodon : *Stegotetrabelodon orbus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Coenastraea arabica species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Actinastraeidae : Coenastraea : *Coenastraea arabica*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Starostinia arabica species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Rhipidogyridae : Starostinia : *Starostinia arabica*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Stegodibelodon schneideri species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Stegodibelodon : *Stegodibelodon schneideri*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Daghanirhynchia daghaniensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Daghanirhynchia : *Daghanirhynchia daghaniensis*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Daghanirhynchia macfadyeni species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Daghanirhynchia : *Daghanirhynchia macfadyeni*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Daghanirhynchia subversabilis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Daghanirhynchia : *Daghanirhynchia subversabilis*	168.3 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Somalirhynchia africana species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Somalirhynchia : *Somalirhynchia africana*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Somalirhynchia somalica species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Somalirhynchia : *Somalirhynchia somalica*	166.1 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Septirhynchia azaisi species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Septirhynchiidae : Septirhynchia : *Septirhynchia azaisi*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Tubithyris wylliei species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Lobothyrididae : Tubithyris : *Tubithyris wylliei*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Zeilleria latifrons species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Zeilleriidae : Zeilleria : *Zeilleria latifrons*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Loboidothyris aualites species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Loboidothyrididae : Loboidothyris : *Loboidothyris aualites*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Terebratula bisuffarcinata species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Terebratulidae : Terebratula : *Terebratula bisuffarcinata*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Kutchithyris ferrandii species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Postepithyrididae : Kutchithyris : *Kutchithyris ferrandii*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Monsardithyris ruspolii species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Lissajousithyrididae : Monsardithyris : *Monsardithyris ruspolii*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Proconulus arabiensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Proconulidae : Proconulus : *Proconulus arabiensis*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Globularia hemisphaerica species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architaenioglossa : Ampullinidae : Globularia : *Globularia hemisphaerica*	157.3 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Nerinea somaliensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Nerineidae : Nerinea : *Nerinea somaliensis*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Grammatodon (Indogrammatodon) egertonianus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Parallelodontidae : Grammatodon : *Grammatodon (Indogrammatodon) egertonianus*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Mytilus jurensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Mytilus : *Mytilus jurensis*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Modiolus (Modiolus) imbricatus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Modiolus : *Modiolus (Modiolus) imbricatus*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Arcomytilus laitmairensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Arcomytilus : *Arcomytilus laitmairensis*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Inoperna perplicata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Inoperna : *Inoperna perplicata*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Actinostreon gregareum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Palaeolophidae : Actinostreon : *Actinostreon gregareum*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Lopha costata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Lopha : *Lopha costata*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Gryphaea balli species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Gryphaea : *Gryphaea balli*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Gryphaea costellata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Gryphaea : *Gryphaea costellata*	168.3 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Nanogyra (Nanogyra) nana species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Nanogyra : *Nanogyra (Nanogyra) nana*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Plagiostoma harronis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Limidae : Plagiostoma : *Plagiostoma harronis*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Venilicardia hunti species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Arcticidae : Venilicardia : *Venilicardia hunti*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Mactromya aequalis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Mactromyidae : Mactromya : *Mactromya aequalis*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Mactromya verioti species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Mactromyidae : Mactromya : *Mactromya verioti*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Mactromya daghaniensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Mactromyidae : Mactromya : *Mactromya daghaniensis*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Protocardia somaliensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Protocardia : *Protocardia somaliensis*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Ceratomya excentrica species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadida : Ceratomyidae : Ceratomya : *Ceratomya excentrica*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Ceratomyopsis somaliensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Megalodontida : Ceratomyopsidae : Ceratomyopsis : *Ceratomyopsis somaliensis*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Ceratomyopsis striata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Megalodontida : Ceratomyopsidae : Ceratomyopsis : *Ceratomyopsis striata*	157.3 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Thracia viceliacensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Thraciidae : Thracia : *Thracia viceliacensis*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Thracia incerta species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Thraciida : Thraciidae : Thracia : *Thracia incerta*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Pholadomya lirata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyida : Pholadomyidae : Pholadomya : *Pholadomya lirata*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Pholadomya aubryi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : Pholadomya : *Pholadomya aubryi*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Pholadomya (Bucardiomya) somaliensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyida : Pholadomyidae : Pholadomya : *Pholadomya (Bucardiomya) somaliensis*	166.1 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Homomya inornata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyida : Pholadomyidae : Homomya : *Homomya inornata*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Columnocoenia gemmans species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Placocoeniidae : Columnocoenia : *Columnocoenia gemmans*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Brachyseris curtata species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Latomeandridae : Brachyseris : *Brachyseris curtata*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Terebratula gortanii species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Terebratulidae : Terebratula : *Terebratula gortanii*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Rhynchonella inflata species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Rhynchonellidae : Rhynchonella : *Rhynchonella inflata*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Zeilleria hararina species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Zeilleriidae : Zeilleria : *Zeilleria hararina*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Waldheimia schlosseri species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Terebratellidae : Magellania : *Waldheimia schlosseri*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Eligmus rollandi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Malleidae : Eligmus : *Eligmus rollandi*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Pecten (Chlamys) erlangeri species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Chlamys : *Pecten (Chlamys) erlangeri*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Mytilus subpectinatus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Mytilus : *Mytilus subpectinatus*	157.3 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Astarte coxi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Astartidae : Astarte : *Astarte coxi*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Lucina cecchii species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Lucina : *Lucina cecchii*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Corbis scarsellai species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Fimbria : *Corbis scarsellai*	155.7 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Integricardium bannesianum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Integricardium : *Integricardium bannesianum*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Mactromya quadrata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Mactromyidae : Mactromya : *Mactromya quadrata*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Pholadomya (Bucardiomya) protei species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyida : Pholadomyidae : Pholadomya : *Pholadomya (Bucardiomya) protei*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Pholadomya stefaninii species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : Pholadomya : *Pholadomya stefaninii*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Thracia depressa species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Thraciida : Thraciidae : Thracia : *Thracia depressa*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Cercomya bottegoi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Laternulidae : Cercomya : *Cercomya bottegoi*	155.7 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Globularia coxi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architaenioglossa : Ampullinidae : Globularia : *Globularia coxi*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Ampullina aethiopica species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architaenioglossa : Ampullinidae : Ampullina : *Ampullina aethiopica*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Montlivaltia compressoides species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Montlivaltiidae : Montlivaltia : *Montlivaltia compressoides*	155.7 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Montlivaltia dilatata species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Montlivaltiidae : Montlivaltia : *Montlivaltia dilatata*	155.7 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Calamophyllia ducreti species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Calamophylliidae : Calamophyllia : *Calamophyllia ducreti*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Heliocoenia catenula species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Stylinidae : Heliocoenia : *Heliocoenia catenula*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Coenastraea martis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Actinastraeidae : Coenastraea : *Coenastraea martis*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Latomeandra mayeri species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Calamophylliidae : Latomeandra : *Latomeandra mayeri*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Promillepora pervinquieri species	Animalia : Porifera : Demospongiae : Axinellida : Milleporellidae : Promillepora : *Promillepora pervinquieri*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Stromatoporina douvillei species	Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Axinellida : Stromatoporina : *Stromatoporina douvillei*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Stromatopora gortanii species	Animalia : Porifera : Stromatoporoidea : Stromatoporida : Stromatoporidae : Stromatopora : *Stromatopora gortanii*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Stromatopora chauffati species	Animalia : Porifera : Stromatoporoidea : Stromatoporida : Stromatoporidae : Stromatopora : *Stromatopora chauffati*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Actinostromaria hararina species	Animalia : Porifera : Demospongiae : Axinellida : Actinostromariidae : Actinostromaria : *Actinostromaria hararina*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Burgundia circoporoides species	Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Burgundiidae : Burgundia : *Burgundia circoporoides*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Burgundia corrugata species	Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Burgundiidae : Burgundia : *Burgundia corrugata*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Stegodon kaisensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Stegodontidae : Stegodon : *Stegodon kaisensis*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Lima aequilatera species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Limida : Limidae : Lima : *Lima aequilatera*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Lima densepunctata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Limida : Limidae : Lima : *Lima densepunctata*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Lima subdensepunctata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Limida : Limidae : Lima : *Lima subdensepunctata*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Avicula gessneri species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : Avicula : *Avicula gessneri*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Falcimytilus tigrensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Falcimytilus : *Falcimytilus tigrensis*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Modiola pantanellii species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Modiolus : *Modiola pantanellii*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Pinna constantini species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pinnidae : Pinna : *Pinna constantini*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Arca choffati species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Arca : *Arca choffati*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Arca sublata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Arca : *Arca sublata*	157.3 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Cardium moricinum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Cardium : *Cardium moricinum*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Pholadomya acuminata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : Pholadomya : *Pholadomya acuminata*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Pholadomya paucicosta species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : Pholadomya : *Pholadomya paucicosta*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Pholadomya cuneiformis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : Pholadomya : *Pholadomya cuneiformis*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Cercomya schoensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Laternulidae : Cercomya : *Cercomya schoensis*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Natica vicinalis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : Natica : *Natica vicinalis*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Natica eudora species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : Natica : *Natica eudora*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Natica dubia species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : Natica : *Natica dubia*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Chenopus ornatus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Aporrhaidae : Chenopus : *Chenopus ornatus*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Cuphosolenus dyoniseus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Aporrhaidae : Cuphosolenus : *Cuphosolenus dyoniseus*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Zeilleria humeralis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Zeilleriidae : Zeilleria : *Zeilleria humeralis*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Pentithyris pelagica species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Lissajousithyrididae : Dorsoplicathyris : *Pentithyris pelagica*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Paracenoceras hexagonum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Nautilida : Paracenoceratidae : Paracenoceras : *Paracenoceras hexagonum*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Recrosalenia somaliensis species	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Phymosomatoida : Heterodiadematidae : Recrosalenia : *Recrosalenia somaliensis*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Mytilus (Modiola) subangustissimus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Mytilus : *Mytilus (Modiola) subangustissimus*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Astarte stefanini species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Astartidae : Astarte : *Astarte stefanini*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Astarte brumpti species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Astartidae : Astarte : *Astarte brumpti*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Lucina somalica species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Lucina : *Lucina somalica*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Turbo bozasi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : Turbo : *Turbo bozasi*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Nerinea desvoidyi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Nerineidae : Nerinea : *Nerinea desvoidyi*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Alaria jacobi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Aporrhaidae : Dicroloma : *Alaria jacobi*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Apiocrinus roissyanus species	Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : Millericrinida : Apiocrinidae : Apiocrinus : *Apiocrinus roissyanus*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Bihenithyris bicanaliculata species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Loboidothyrididae : Bihenithyris : *Bihenithyris bicanaliculata*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Sellithyris engeli species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Sellithyrididae : Sellithyris : *Sellithyris engeli*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Seebachia (Eoseebachia) sowerbyana species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Astartidae : Seebachia : *Seebachia (Eoseebachia) sowerbyana*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Spondylopecten palinurus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Spondylopecten : *Spondylopecten palinurus*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Eopecten velatus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Eopecten : *Eopecten velatus*	166.1 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Plagiostoma sublaeviusculum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Limidae : Plagiostoma : *Plagiostoma sublaeviusculum*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Stegoconcha gmuelleri species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pinnidae : Stegoconcha : *Stegoconcha gmuelleri*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Musculus somaliensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Crenellidae : Musculus : *Musculus somaliensis*	166.1 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Zittelina orbis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Kingenidae : Zittelina : *Zittelina orbis*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Mactromya rugosa species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Mactromyidae : Mactromya : *Mactromya rugosa*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Anatina parvula species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Anatinellidae : Anatina : *Anatina parvula*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Idoceras rufanum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Perisphinctidae : Idoceras : *Idoceras rufanum*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Pseudocidaris ellenbecki species	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Hemicidaridae : Pseudocidaris : *Pseudocidaris ellenbecki*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Berenicea somalica species	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomatida : Bereniceidae : Berenicea : *Berenicea somalica*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Serpula conformis species	Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Serpulidae : Serpula : *Serpula conformis*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Glomerula serpentina species	Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Sabellidae : Glomerula : *Glomerula serpentina*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Nucleata nucleata species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Nucleatidae : Nucleata : *Nucleata nucleata*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Lima moeschi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Limida : Limidae : Lima : *Lima moeschi*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Macrodon rufae species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Parallelodontidae : Parallelodon : *Macrodon rufae*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Pleurotomaria neosolodurina species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Pleurotomariida : Pleurotomariidae : Pleurotomaria : *Pleurotomaria neosolodurina*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Bourguetia striata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Pseudomelaniidae : Bourguetia : *Bourguetia striata*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Paracenoceras ennianum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Nautilida : Paracenoceratidae : Paracenoceras : *Paracenoceras ennianum*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Perisphinctes arussiorum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Perisphinctidae : Perisphinctes : *Perisphinctes arussiorum*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Perisphinctes gallarum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Perisphinctidae : Perisphinctes : *Perisphinctes gallarum*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Perisphinctes stenocyclus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Perisphinctidae : Perisphinctes : *Perisphinctes stenocyclus*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Perisphinctes roubyanus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Perisphinctidae : Perisphinctes : *Perisphinctes roubyanus*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Perisphinctes abadiensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Perisphinctidae : Perisphinctes : *Perisphinctes abadiensis*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Nebrodites hetaerus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Perisphinctidae : Nebrodites : *Nebrodites hetaerus*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Perisphinctes choffati species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Perisphinctidae : Perisphinctes : *Perisphinctes choffati*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Aspidoceras somalicum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Aspidoceratidae : Aspidoceras : *Aspidoceras somalicum*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Aspidoceras supraspinosum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Aspidoceratidae : Aspidoceras : *Aspidoceras supraspinosum*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Aspidoceras argobbae species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Aspidoceratidae : Aspidoceras : *Aspidoceras argobbae*	161.2 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Pholadomya sublirata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : Pholadomya : *Pholadomya sublirata*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Pholadomya granulifera species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : Pholadomya : *Pholadomya granulifera*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Hemicidaris abyssinica species	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Hemicidaridae : Hemicidaris : *Hemicidaris abyssinica*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Pholadomya carinata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : Pholadomya : *Pholadomya carinata*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Rhynchonella edwardsi species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Rhynchonellidae : Rhynchonella : *Rhynchonella edwardsi*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Flabellirhynchia lotharingica species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Cyclothyrididae : Flabellirhynchia : *Flabellirhynchia lotharingica*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Camptonectes (Camptonectes) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Camptonectes : *Camptonectes (Camptonectes)*	161.2 - 155.7 Ma Jurassic
Orycteropus djourabensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Tubulidentata : Orycteropodidae : Orycteropus : *Orycteropus djourabensis*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Cidaroida order	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Cidaroida	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Trigonia pullus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Trigoniida : Trigoniidae : Trigonia : *Trigonia pullus*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Hippopotamus afarensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hippopotamus : *Hippopotamus afarensis*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Hexaprotodon dulu species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hexaprotodon : *Hexaprotodon dulu*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Hexaprotodon shungurensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hexaprotodon : *Hexaprotodon shungurensis*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Cymatorhynchia quadriplicata species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Cymatorhynchia : *Cymatorhynchia quadriplicata*	166.1 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Francolinus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Phasianidae : *Francolinus*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Septirhynchia pulchra species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Septirhynchiidae : Septirhynchia : *Septirhynchia pulchra*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Ptyctothyris quillyensis species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Loboidothyrididae : Ptyctothyris : *Ptyctothyris quillyensis*	168.3 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Thysanoptera order	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Thysanoptera	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Aleyrodoidea superfamily	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Aleyrodoidea	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Cichlidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Cichliformes : Cichlidae	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Enhydriodon dikikae species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Enhydriodon : *Enhydriodon dikikae*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Peramura order	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Peramura	152.1 - 145 Ma Late Jurassic
Zoraptera order	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Zoraptera	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Psocodea order	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Psocodea	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Mymarommatidae family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Mymarommatidae	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Palaeotragini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Palaeotragini	13.82 - 7.246 Ma Miocene
Giraffa stillei species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Giraffa : *Giraffa stillei*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Giraffa pygmaea species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Giraffa : *Giraffa pygmaea*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Gavialis gangeticus species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Gavialidae : Gavialis : *Gavialis gangeticus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Viverra leakeyi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverridae : Viverra : *Viverra leakeyi*	11.62 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Machimosaurus nowackianus species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Machimosaurus : *Machimosaurus nowackianus*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Isotomidae family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Collembola : Entomobryomorpha : Isotomidae	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Caracal caracal species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Caracal : *Caracal caracal*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Primelephas korotorensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Primelephas : *Primelephas korotorensis*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Colobus guereza species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Colobus : *Colobus guereza*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Crocuta crocuta species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : Crocuta : *Crocuta crocuta*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Galago senegalensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Galagidae : Galago : *Galago senegalensis*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Canis mesomelas species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Canis : *Canis mesomelas*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Merothripidae family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Thysanoptera : Merothripidae	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Jaculus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : *Jaculus*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Cercopithecus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Cercopithecus*	23.03 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Colobinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Colobinae	11.62 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Tragelaphus scriptus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus : *Tragelaphus scriptus*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Tragelaphus strepsiceros species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus : *Tragelaphus strepsiceros*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Aepyceros melampus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Aepyceros : *Aepyceros melampus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Poecilogale genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Poecilogale*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Kobus kob species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : *Kobus kob*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Helogale hirtula species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : Helogale : *Helogale hirtula*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Chilgatermes diamatensis species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Blattodea : Stolotermitidae : Chilgatermes : *Chilgatermes diamatensis*	28.1 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Belemnites (Belemnopsis) tanganensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Belemnitidae : Belemnites : *Belemnites (Belemnopsis) tanganensis*	163.5 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Hinnites (Pleuronectites) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Hinnites : *Hinnites (Pleuronectites)*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Lima (Plagiostoma) astartina species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Limidae : Plagiostoma : *Lima (Plagiostoma) astartina*	155.7 - 150.8 Ma Jurassic
Pholadomya ragazzii species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : Pholadomya : *Pholadomya ragazzii*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Zeilleria egena species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Terebratulida : Zeilleriidae : Zeilleria : *Zeilleria egena*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Somalinautilus antiquus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Nautilida : Paracenoceratidae : Somalinautilus : *Somalinautilus antiquus*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Dioscorea wilkinii species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Dioscoreales : Dioscoreaceae : Dioscorea : *Dioscorea wilkinii*	28.4 - 23.03 Ma Cenozoic
Tacca umerii species	Tacca : *Tacca umerii*	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Garcinia genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Malpighiales : Clusiaceae : *Garcinia*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Ceromya concentrica species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadida : Ceratomyidae : Ceratomya : *Ceromya concentrica*	163.5 - 157.3 Ma Jurassic
Neithea morrisi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Neithea : *Neithea morrisi*	125.45 - 122.46 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Paracenoceras prohexagonum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Nautilida : Paracenoceratidae : Paracenoceras : *Paracenoceras prohexagonum*	167.7 - 164.7 Ma Middle Jurassic
Kutchirhynchia morieri species	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Tetrarhynchiidae : Kutchirhynchia : *Kutchirhynchia morieri*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Rectangulata suborder	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cyclostomata : Rectangulata	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Vulpes mathisoni species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Vulpes : *Vulpes mathisoni*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Phalacrocorax carbo species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Suliformes : Phalacrocoracidae : Phalacrocorax : *Phalacrocorax carbo*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Rugalindrites genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Acteonellidae : *Rugalindrites*	166.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Mastotermes aethiopicus species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Blattodea : Mastotermitidae : Mastotermes : *Mastotermes aethiopicus*	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Melissotarsus ethiopiensis species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Melissotarsus : *Melissotarsus ethiopiensis*	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Stephanodiscus genus	Bacillariophyta : Mediophyceae : Stephanodiscales : Stephanodiscaceae : *Stephanodiscus*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Spongilla lacustris species	Animalia : Porifera : Demospongiae : Spongillida : Spongillidae : Spongilla : *Spongilla lacustris*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Camelus grattardi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Camelidae : Camelus : *Camelus grattardi*	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Amphidonte (Ceratostreon) flabellatum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Amphidonte : *Amphidonte (Ceratostreon) flabellatum*	125.45 - 122.46 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Laevigyra luynesi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Laevigyra : *Laevigyra luynesi*	125.45 - 122.46 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Hydrocynus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Characiformes : Alestidae : *Hydrocynus*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Neithea quinquecostata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Neithea : *Neithea quinquecostata*	125.45 - 122.46 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Chororatherium roobii species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Chororatherium : *Chororatherium roobii*	11.1 - 9.7 Ma Miocene
Ovibovini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Ovibovini	2.588 - 1.806 Ma Pleistocene
Anhinga melanogaster species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Suliformes : Anhingidae : Anhinga : *Anhinga melanogaster*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Plectropterus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : *Plectropterus*	11.608 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Mesembriportax acrae species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Mesembriportax : *Mesembriportax acrae*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Ugandax gautieri species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Ugandax : *Ugandax gautieri*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Simatherium demissum species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Simatherium : *Simatherium demissum*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Syncerus acoelotus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Syncerus : *Syncerus acoelotus*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Praemadoqua avifluminis species	Praemadoqua : *Praemadoqua avifluminis*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Gazella praethomsoni species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Gazella : *Gazella praethomsoni*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Adenota recki species	Adenota : *Adenota recki*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Numidocapra genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Numidocapra*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Numidocapra crassicornis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Numidocapra : *Numidocapra crassicornis*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Rabaticeras arambourgi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Numidocapra : *Rabaticeras arambourgi*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Damalops sidihakomai species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Damalops : *Damalops sidihakomai*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Alcelaphus kattwinkeli species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphus : *Alcelaphus kattwinkeli*	5.333 - 0 Ma Cenozoic
Beatragus antiquus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Beatragus : *Beatragus antiquus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Beatragus whitei species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Beatragus : *Beatragus whitei*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Parmularius altidens species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Parmularius : *Parmularius altidens*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Parmularius pandatus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Parmularius : *Parmularius pandatus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Parmularius angusticornis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Parmularius : *Parmularius angusticornis*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Hippotragus niro species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Hippotragus : *Hippotragus niro*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Damaliscus ademassui species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Damaliscus : *Damaliscus ademassui*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Awashia suwai species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Awashia : *Awashia suwai*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Nitidarcus asfawi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Nitidarcus : *Nitidarcus asfawi*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Bouria anngettyae species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bouria : *Bouria anngettyae*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Aepyceros shungurae species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Aepyceros : *Aepyceros shungurae*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Kobus porrecticornis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : *Kobus porrecticornis*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Kobus subdolus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : *Kobus subdolus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Kobus sigmoidalis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : *Kobus sigmoidalis*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Kobus leche species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : *Kobus leche*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Redunca ancystrocera species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Redunca : *Redunca ancystrocera*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Menelikia lyrocera species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Menelikia : *Menelikia lyrocera*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Hippotragus gigas species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Hippotragus : *Hippotragus gigas*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Praedamalis deturi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Praedamalis : *Praedamalis deturi*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Parmularius rugosus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Parmularius : *Parmularius rugosus*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Propotamochoerus devauxi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Propotamochoerus : *Propotamochoerus devauxi*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Sivachoerus syrticus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Sivachoerus : *Sivachoerus syrticus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Sus waylandi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Sus : *Sus waylandi*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Nyanzachoerus kanamensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Nyanzachoerus : *Nyanzachoerus kanamensis*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Nyanzachoerus jaegeri species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Nyanzachoerus : *Nyanzachoerus jaegeri*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Hylochoerus euilus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Hylochoerus : *Hylochoerus euilus*	23.03 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Notochoerus capensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Notochoerus : *Notochoerus capensis*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Gerontochoerus scotti species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Gerontochoerus : *Gerontochoerus scotti*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Pecarichoerus africanus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tayassuidae : Pecarichoerus : *Pecarichoerus africanus*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Kolpochoerus afarensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Kolpochoerus : *Kolpochoerus afarensis*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Metridiochoerus hopwoodi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Metridiochoerus : *Metridiochoerus hopwoodi*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Metridiochoerus compactus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Metridiochoerus : *Metridiochoerus compactus*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Pronotochoerus jacksoni species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Pronotochoerus : *Pronotochoerus jacksoni*	3.6 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Bonisicyon illacabo species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Bonisicyon : *Bonisicyon illacabo*	7.246 - 5.333 Ma Miocene
Torolutra genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Torolutra*	5.333 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Gigantohyrax maguirei species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Procaviidae : Gigantohyrax : *Gigantohyrax maguirei*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Romanocidaris filograna species	Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Cidaroida : Polycidaridae : Romanocidaris : *Romanocidaris filograna*	163.5 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Abiadisaurus witteni species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Abiadisaurus : *Abiadisaurus witteni*	237 - 163.5 Ma Mesozoic
Gorgopsina scharffi species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Araneae : Salticidae : Gorgopsina : *Gorgopsina scharffi*	23.03 - 15.97 Ma Miocene
Etheria genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Etheriidae : *Etheria*	5.333 - 0.781 Ma Cenozoic
Choffatella decipiens species	Foraminifera : Cyclamminidae : Choffatella : *Choffatella decipiens*	125.45 - 122.46 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Australopithecus garhi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Australopithecus : *Australopithecus garhi*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Australopithecus deyiremeda species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Australopithecus : *Australopithecus deyiremeda*	5.333 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Dinopithecus ingens species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Dinopithecus : *Dinopithecus ingens*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Parapapio lothagamensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Parapapio : *Parapapio lothagamensis*	11.62 - 3.6 Ma Neogene
Parapapio jonesi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Parapapio : *Parapapio jonesi*	3.6 - 2.588 Ma Cenozoic
Theropithecus (Omopithecus) brumpti species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Theropithecus : *Theropithecus (Omopithecus) brumpti*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic
Pinnularia genus	*Pinnularia*	3.6 - 1.806 Ma Cenozoic

Fossil Localities

Click to show 344 fossil localities

Ethiopia

Afar Region
- Neogene🐚 Amba East
- Neogene🐚 Asa Issie
- Cenozoic🐚 Australopithecus deyiremeda - type locality
- Cenozoic🐚 Bouri-Hata
- Pleistocene🐚 Danakil - general
- Neogene🐚 DIK-56
- Cenozoic🐚 Dikika - DIK.1
- Cenozoic🐚 First Family
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.116
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.128
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.137
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.145
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.147
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.161
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.162
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.166
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.188
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.198
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.199
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.207
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.211
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.228
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.241
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.249
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.266
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.277
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.288
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.322
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.327
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.333
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.388
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.400
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - AL.58
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - DD General
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - KH General
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar - SH General
- Cenozoic🐚 Hadar A.L. 444
- Jurassic🐚 K 223 Alaita Hill
- Cenozoic🐚 Maka & Belohdelie
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash
- Neogene🐚 Middle Awash - Adu mbr.
- Neogene🐚 Middle Awash - Adu-Asa fm.
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Amado Beds
- Pleistocene🐚 Middle Awash - Andalee
- Quaternary🐚 Middle Awash - Andalee mbr.
- Neogene🐚 Middle Awash - Aramis mbr.
- Neogene🐚 Middle Awash - Beearyada Beds
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Bikirmali Beds
- Neogene🐚 Middle Awash - Bikirmali Koma
- Quaternary🐚 Middle Awash - Bouri
- Miocene🐚 Middle Awash - Chorora fm.
- Quaternary🐚 Middle Awash - Dakanihyalo mbr
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Gamedah 1
- Quaternary🐚 Middle Awash - Hargufia
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Issie
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Kalaloo Mbr.
- Neogene🐚 Middle Awash - Kuseralee Dora
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Matabaietu fm.
- Quaternary🐚 Middle Awash - Meadura mbr.
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Sagantole fm.
- Cenozoic🐚 Middle Awash - Wilti Dora
- Neogene🐚 Middle Awsh - Saitune Dora
- Jurassic🐚 Mt. Uerta
- Jurassic🐚 Roda
- Jurassic🐚 Sagan
- Pleistocene🐚 Upper Herto Member near Bouri
- Cenozoic🐚 upper Maka
Amhara Region
- Cenozoic🐚 Chilga
- Cenozoic🐚 Sublocality 2
- North Shewa Zone
  - Late Jurassic🐚 Bestadesse
  - Miocene🐚 Ethiopian amber
  - Middle Jurassic🐚 Zega Wedem River
- North Wollo Zone
  - Miocene🐚 Gona
Dire Dawa
- Jurassic🐚 Dire Dawa
- Jurassic🐚 Dire Dawa
- Jurassic🐚 Halle
Harari Region
- Jurassic🐚 Harrar
- Jurassic🐚 Mt. Hakim
Oromia Region
- Jurassic🐚 Abul Casim
- Mesozoic🐚 Ambo Springs
- Jurassic🐚 Atschabo
- Jurassic🐚 Badattino
- Miocene🐚 Beticha
- Jurassic🐚 Bourka River
- Jurassic🐚 Cabenaoua River
- Jurassic🐚 Cugnan Quoscè
- Jurassic🐚 Darro Valley
- Jurassic🐚 Ejersa Goro
- Cenozoic🐚 Fejej - FJ1
- Cenozoic🐚 Gadeb - 6B
- Middle Jurassic🐚 Gobelli
- Middle Jurassic🐚 Grande Ilalami
- Early/Lower Cretaceous🐚 Graua Limestone: Bed 3
- Jurassic🐚 Gulgula
- Jurassic🐚 Harro Rufa
- Jurassic🐚 Minare
- Jurassic🐚 Mt. Condudo
- Jurassic🐚 Mt. Ualinsi
- Miocene🐚 Mush Valley Dioscorea
- Jurassic🐚 Tallaè
- North Shewa Zone
  - Late Jurassic🐚 Aleltu Quarry
  - Jurassic🐚 Goha Tsion
  - Middle Jurassic🐚 Golgie
  - Middle Jurassic🐚 Hatchamie
  - Jurassic🐚 Jima River
  - Middle Jurassic🐚 Mugher
Somali Region
- Middle Jurassic🐚 Cox - 145
- Jurassic🐚 Cox - 170
- Jurassic🐚 Cox - 175
- Jurassic🐚 Cox - 181
- Middle Jurassic🐚 Gama Pass
- Jurassic🐚 Gerigoan
- Jurassic🐚 Jijiga
- Jurassic🐚 Malca Balcad Gebiss
- Middle Jurassic🐚 Marda Pass
- Phanerozoic🐚 Mariakani
- Jurassic🐚 Meragalleh
- Jurassic🐚 Monti Ellis
- Jurassic🐚 Mt. Guresu
- Jurassic🐚 Scec Hosc
- Jurassic🐚 Tagfidadaedi
Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region
- Neogene🐚 Cholo
- Pleistocene🐚 East Turkana - Omo - L.32
- Pleistocene🐚 East Turkana - Omo - L.362
- Neogene🐚 Mursi - Yellow Sands
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - F.161
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - F.164
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - F.165
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - F.255
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - F.256
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - F.257
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - F.513
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - Kalam Outcrop
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - L.1
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.10
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.101
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.11
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - L.116
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.12
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.122
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.123
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.127
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.144
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.146
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.157
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.159
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.16
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.161
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.168
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.169
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.17
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.175
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.183
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.185
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.19
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.193
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.199
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - L.1N
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - L.2
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.20
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.209
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.21
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.22
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.23
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.238
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.25
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.26
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.27
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.28
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.29

Ethiopia

Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.3
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.327
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.335
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.338x
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.338y
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.345
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.35
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.36
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - L.369
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.37
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - L.382
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.398
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.4
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.40
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.42
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.43
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.45
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.46
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.464
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.465
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.467
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.48
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.49
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.494
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.5/6
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.504
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.51
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.512
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.576
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - L.597
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.607
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.611
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.615
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.616
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.626
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.627
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.628
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.64
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.65
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.668
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.67
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.7
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.73
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.74
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.740
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.76
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.768
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.79
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - L.793
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - L.795
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.837
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - L.9
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - Lower Member G
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - member A
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - member B7
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - member C9
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - member D
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - member E
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - Member E2
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - member E5
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - member F3
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - member G
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - member G29
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - member H
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - member J3
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - Member K4
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - members F-G
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.100
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.103
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.118
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.132
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.136
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.141
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.145
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.148
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.151
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.162
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.166
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.177
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.18
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.195
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.1A-B
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.1c+e
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.2
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - O.20
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.210
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - O.212
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.215
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.222
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.223
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - O.229
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.233
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.25
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.254
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.27
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.29
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.3
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.33
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.35
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.40
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - O.41
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.44
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.47
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.48
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.5
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.50
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.53
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.56
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.58
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.6
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.68
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.70
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.71
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - O.74
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.75
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.75i
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.75n
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.75s
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.76
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.78
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - O.81
- Cenozoic🐚 Omo - O.82
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - O.9
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - OVEO-1
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - P.791
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - P.939
- Pleistocene🐚 Omo - SH.1-2
- Cenozoic🐚 USNO - Brown Sands
- Cenozoic🐚 USNO - general
- Cenozoic🐚 USNO - White Sands
- Konso
  - Pleistocene🐚 Konso - general
Tigray Region
- Mesozoic🐚 Abiy Addi
- Jurassic🐚 Adigrat Sandstone
- Jurassic🐚 Agula-Dongolo
- Jurassic🐚 Antalo 2
- Jurassic🐚 Geydamo River
- Jurassic🐚 Geydamo River West
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 48
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 50
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 51
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 52
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 54
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 56a
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 64
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 67a
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 70
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 72
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 73
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 74
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 75
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 76
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 80
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 83
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 84
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 85
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 87
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 88
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 89
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 90
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 91
- Jurassic🐚 Sample 93
- Jurassic🐚 Sample A
- Jurassic🐚 Sample Antalo 2 GY
- Jurassic🐚 Sample CF 10
- Jurassic🐚 Sample CF 13
- Jurassic🐚 Sample CF 3
- Jurassic🐚 Sample GS 2
- Jurassic🐚 Sample GS 5
- Jurassic🐚 Sample GY 1
- Jurassic🐚 Sample GY 3
- Jurassic🐚 Samples 63 + 67

Other Databases

Wikipedia:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia
Wikidata ID:	Q115
GeoNames ID:	337996

Localities in this Region

Ethiopia

⭔Addis Ababa
- ⭔Addis Ketema
- ⭔Akaki Kaliti
- ⭔Arada
- ⭔Bole
- ⭔Gulale
  - Entotto Hills
- ⭔Kirkos
- ⭔Kolfe Keranio
- ⭔Lideta
- ⭔Nefas Silk
- ⭔Yeka
⭔Afar Region
⭔Amhara Region
- ⭔Agew Awi Zone
- Angolela (Angolola)
  - Got
- ⭔Bahir Dar
- ⭔East Gojjam Zone
- Lake Tana Area
- Nefas Meewcha
- ⭔North Gondar Zone
  - Simien Mountains Volcanic Field
- ⭔North Shewa Zone
- ⭔North Wollo Zone
  - ⭔Delanta Woreda
    - ⭔Tsehay Mewcha
      - Mehal Yeheys Opal Mine
      - Wuls Zelhon Opal Mine
    - ⭔Wegeltena
  - K'ulf Āmba deposit
  - ⭔Lalibela
  - ⭔Wadla Woreda
    - ⭔Gashena
- ⭔Oromia Zone
- ⭔South Gondar Zone
  - Nefas Meewcha
    - Road cut
- ⭔South Wollo Zone
  - ⭔Tenta Woreda
    - Ajebar mine
- Stilbite occurrence
- ⭔Wag Hemra Zone
- West Besse
- ⭔West Gojjam Zone
  - Bure adakitic rock
⭔Benishangul-Gumuz Region
- Ashashire Gold deposit
- ⭔Asosa Zone
  - Tumet river
- ⭔Kamashi Zone
- ⭔Metekel Zone
  - Abu Ramla Intrusion
- ⭔Tongo SW Zone
⭔Dire Dawa
- Porc-Epic Cave
⭔Gambela Region
⭔Harari Region
⭔Oromia Region
- Adola belt (Adola gold field)
  - ⭔Chembi area
  - Didessa river

Ethiopia

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

AfricaContinent

Afar Triangle (Afar Depression)Depression
- Danakil DepressionDepression
East African Rift System (EARS)Zone (Tectonic)

African PlateTectonic Plate

Arabian-Nubian Shield
- Nakfa TerraneVolcanic Arc
East African Rift
- Ethiopian RiftNarrow Rift
Melut Rift basinBasin
North-Central Gregory Rift basinBasin

African Plate

Red Sea basinBasin
Somali-Ogaden-Mandera Lugh basinBasin
South AzaniaOrogenic Belt

Arabian PlateTectonic Plate

Arabian-Nubian ShieldShield
- Haya TerraneVolcanic Arc
- Nubian ShieldShield

Ethiopia

Afar Region
- Kilbet Rasu
  - Erta Ale Volcanic RangeVolcanic Province
Oromia Region
- Adola belt (Adola gold field)Belt

Somali PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

De Wit, M.J., Chewaka, S. (1981) Plate tectonic evolution of Ethiopia and origin of its mineral deposits: an overview. In Chewaka, S. De Wit, M.J. (eds) Plate Tectonics and Metallogenesis: Some Guide Lines to Ethiopian Mineral Deposits. Ethiopian Institute of Geology Survey Bulletin, 2, 115-129.

Assefa, G. (1991) The mineral resources potential of Ethiopia. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 5, 111-137.

geoinfo.uneca.org (n.d.) http://geoinfo.uneca.org/geoinfo/ethiopia/gse.html

www.statoids.com (n.d.) http://www.statoids.com/uet.html

www.gse.gov.et (n.d.) http://www.gse.gov.et/

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Ethiopiai
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Commodity List

Mineral List

Rock Types Recorded

Select Rock List Type

Detailed Mineral List:

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

List of minerals for each chemical element

Geochronology

Fossils

Other Databases

Localities in this Region

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

References

EthiopiaiRegional Level TypesEthiopiaCountry function showexplain() { $("#locexplain").toggle(); if (typeof movemap === "function") movemap(); }

Help document this locality

Help document this locality

Select Mineral List Type

Commodity List

Mineral List

Rock Types Recorded

Select Rock List Type

Detailed Mineral List:

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

List of minerals for each chemical element

Geochronology

Fossils

Other Databases

Localities in this Region

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

References

Ethiopiai
Regional Level Types
Ethiopia Country