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Carrock Mine, Mungrisdale, Eden, Cumbria, England, UKi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Carrock Mine | Mine (Abandoned) |
| Mungrisdale | Civil Parish |
| Eden | District |
| Cumbria | County |
| England | Constituent Country |
| UK | Country |
Carrock Mine, Caldbeck Fells Mining Region, Cumbria, England, UK
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
54° 41' 13'' North , 3° 3' 1'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
UK National Grid Reference:
NY323330
Type:
Mine (Abandoned) - last checked 2018
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Caldbeck | 311 (2018) | 6.8km |
| Bassenthwaite | 412 (2018) | 9.4km |
| Keswick | 4,281 (2018) | 11.1km |
| Greystoke | 654 (2018) | 11.6km |
| Portinscale | 560 (2018) | 12.0km |
Cooper & Stanley (1991):
"The Carrock mine is the only British tungsten deposit outside of southwestern England that has been worked commercially. It was only intermittently economic, notably during World War I. Its last period of operation was in the 1970's. The north-south tungsten-bearing veins, a well-known source of fine scheelite, apatite and other minerals, are cut by east-west lead veins; interaction between the two mineralizations has resulted in the formation of some interesting supergene minerals [...]"
Note: Kingsbury and Hartley occasionally refer to the Carrock mine site as "Grainsgill" (Cooper & Stanley, 1990).
Other/smaller named veins that have yielded insignificant amounts of ore are the Waterfall vein, Wilson vein, Nicholson vein, and 'Molybdenite' vein (Cooper & Stanley, 1990).
Notes on the mineral list:
This is one of a number of likely or definitely falsified Kingsbury localities.
1) Vanadinite supposedly collected here in 1953-55 by Arthur Kingsbury (1906-68) is now considered "very doubtful" and probably from New Mexico, USA.
2) Kingsbury and Hartley mention an 'old cross-cut at, or near, the junction of the east-west lead veins with the Emerson vein at the foot of Brandy Gill' (Hartley, 1984) where they claim to have found bayldonite, beaverite-(Cu), beudantite, bismite, cerussite, galena, hematite, hydrocerussite, linarite, mimetite-pyromorphite series, stolzite, vanadinite, and wulfenite.
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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities87 valid minerals. 4 erroneous literature entries.
Rock Types Recorded
Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Actinolite Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 References: |
| ⓘ Aikinite ? Formula: CuPbBiS3 Description: Kingsbury reference? Cooper & Stanley (1990): "As minute crystals in quartz stringers in greisen; the first British locality (previous references to 'aikinite' in Britain concern wolframite pseudomorphs after scheelite from Wheal Maudlin, Cornwall)." |
| ⓘ Allophane Formula: (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| ⓘ Alunite ? Formula: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 Description: Kingsbury reference. |
| ⓘ Ankerite Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 Description: As a late infilling in the tungsten veins and in considerable amounts in the 'ankerite veins' (mineralized faults diverging north-westwards from the Emerson vein). Smythe & Dunham (1947) published an analysis of 'ankerite' from the Harding vein, but with only 7.5 wt% Fe this represents a ferroan dolomite. References: Smythe, J. A., Dunham, K. C. (1947) Ankerites and chalybites from the northern Pennine orefield and the north-east coalfield. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 28 (197) 53-74 doi:10.1180/minmag.1947.028.197.01 |
| ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A Localities: Colour: blue Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "Blue apatite crystals embedded in quartz with pyrite have recently been found in the old No. 1 level (north) on the Harding vein (D. Hacker, pers. comm.)." |
| ⓘ 'Apatite Group' |
| ⓘ Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 References: |
| ⓘ Formula: Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O Habit: drusy, slightly botryoidal aggregates coating quartz and arsenopyrite Description: Kingsbury reference. |
| ⓘ Arsenopyrite Formula: FeAsS Localities: Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "Abundant in the tungsten veins, particularly the Smith and Wilson veins, with wolframite, scheelite, and other sulphides, in crystals to several centimetres across. Idiomorphic crystals are common (up to 45mm), but usually partly overgrown by later minerals. Where the enclosing matrix is calcite excellent groups of lustrous striated arsenopyrite crystals have been exposed by dissolving the calcite in acid (R.W. Barstow, G. Wilson, pers. comm.)." |
| ⓘ Azurite ? Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 Localities: Description: Kingsbury reference. |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Description: A specimen in the M.W. Thomas Collection (Oxford University Museum) shows cockscomb baryte blades (< 15mm) in a cavity in iron-stained massive baryte. References: |
| ⓘ Bayldonite Formula: PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) ? Formula: Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 References: |
| ⓘ Beryl ? Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Description: Kingsbury reference. Cooper & Stanley (1990): "As small poor crystals in 'gilbertite' in specimens in the Kingsbury & Russell Collections, BM(NH), collected by the former who noted 'from north-west branch (= south drive on the Harding vein) of the new low-level cross-cut to the Harding vein - the vein in which beryl occurs is apparently an early member of the suite; also in iron-stained mica on dump' (Kingsbury, unpublished manuscript). The reference of Lysons & Lysons (1816: cx) to beryl from 'Caldew-beck ... found by the Rev. Mr. Mandall' probably refers to apatite." References: |
| ⓘ Betpakdalite-CaMg Formula: [Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O36(OH)] |
| ⓘ Beudantite ? Formula: PbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 Description: Kingsbury reference. |
| ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 References: |
| ⓘ Bismite Formula: Bi2O3 Colour: yellowish white Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "the 'bismuth ochre' reported from 'Brandy Gill' as an associate of bismuth (Goodchild, 1882: 104) may have been bismite or bismutite. Bismite has been recorded from Carrock mine 'in minute amounts' as a yellowish white alteration of bismuthinite (Davidson & Thomson, 1951); and from the dumps of an old level 'at, or near, the junction of the east-west lead veins with the Emerson vein at the foot of Brandy Gill' (Hartley, 1984)." References: |
| ⓘ Bismuthinite Formula: Bi2S3 Habit: acicular crystals to 25mm; small masses with typical fibrous-lamellar cleavage Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "in association with bismuth, josëite, ingodite, molybdenite etc. in quartz. Phillips (1837) first noted the occurrence. In its finely fibrous form, it is difficult to distinguish from acicular sulphosalts such as cosalite, jamesonite, and boulangerite and was described by Davidson & Thomson (1951: 142) as 'tufts of delicate hair-like crystals which easily become detached from the matrix and blow away in the wind.'" References: Zav'yalov, E.N. and Begizov, V.D. (1981) Once more on the problem of grünlingite. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, 110, 633-635.[Mineralogical Abstracts, 33, 82M/3316] Zav'yalov, E.N. and Begizov, V.D. (1981) New bismuth mineral ingodite Bi2TeS. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 110(5): 594-600.(Mineralogical Abstracts, 33, 82M/3350) |
| ⓘ 'Bismuth Ochre' Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "the 'bismuth ochre' reported from 'Brandy Gill' as an associate of bismuth (Goodchild, 1882: 104) may have been bismite or bismutite." References: |
| ⓘ Bismutite Formula: (BiO)2CO3 Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "Recorded by Hitchen (1934) and listed from the 'main dump' by Hartley (1984). The 'bismuth ochre' reported from 'Brandy Gill' as an associate of bismuth (Goodchild, 1882: 104) may have been bismite or bismutite." |
| ⓘ Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 References: |
| ⓘ Formula: Pb5Sb4S11 Habit: acicular; fibrous; tufts; wool-like aggregates Colour: dark grey Description: Kingsbury reference. Cooper & Stanley (1990): "'As dark grey minute acicular crystals or fibres, tufts, or wool-like aggregates, or small fibrous patches' very similar to zinckenite and jamesonite which also occur here. Associated with pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena (Kingsbury & Hartley, 1956: 298)." |
| ⓘ Brochantite ? Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 Description: Kingsbury reference. |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
| ⓘ Formula: Mn2+Al2(Si2O6)(OH)4 Localities: Habit: thin, fibrous-radiating aggregates Colour: pale yellow Description: Kingsbury reference. Cooper & Stanley (1990): "As unusually pale, almost cream yellow, 'thin, fibrous-radiating aggregates in joints in white vein-quartz... almost certainly from the Emerson vein' (Kingsbury & Hartley, 1957). Specimens in the Kingsbury Collection (BM(NH)) match this description." |
| ⓘ Cassiterite Formula: SnO2 Localities: Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "A few small crystal sections, embedded in quartz and mica, were found by Kingsbury in 1953 from the Harding vein 'new low-level cross-cut, south drive' and are represented by specimens in the Russell and Kingsbury Collections, BM(NH).
In addition, the King Collection (National Museum of Wales, Cardiff (NMW)) contains a good grey-brown incomplete geniculate twin, originally labelled scheelite, which, if authentic, is undoubtedly the best Carrock specimen extant. It may have been found during the 1940s working and was obtained by King from the H.F. Harwood collection (R.J. King, pers. comm.)
The 'ores of tin, both of a resinous and nearly black colour' in a matrix 'nearly as hard as tempered steel', reported by Parson & White (1829) from 'a vein at Brandy Gill near the Caldew' no doubt refer to scheelite and wolframite." |
| ⓘ Cerussite ? Formula: PbCO3 References: |
| ⓘ Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S Description: The paragenesis of chalcocite here is discussed in detail by Thimmaiah (1956). References: |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ Chrysocolla Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 References: |
| ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "Forms minute grains (exceptionally up to 180µm, but mostly < 30µm) in arsenopyrite, scheelite and carbonate minerals replacing wolframite. Mangano-columbite is the dominant end-member at Carrock (Beddoe-Stephens & Fortey, 1981). |
| ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) Formula: Mn2+Nb2O6 References: |
| ⓘ Cordierite Formula: Mg2Al4Si5O18 References: |
| ⓘ Corundum Formula: Al2O3 References: |
| ⓘ Cosalite Formula: Pb2Bi2S5 Habit: (tufts of) capillary fibres and (compact) fibrous patches Colour: steel grey; very dark grey with bluish or yellowish tarnish Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "Recently identified (by C.J. Stanley) in polished section, in association with bismuthinite, krupkaite, and bismuth tellurides." |
| ⓘ Covellite Formula: CuS Description: Replacing chalcopyrite (Thimmaiah, 1956). |
| ⓘ Cubanite Formula: CuFe2S3 References: |
| ⓘ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite Formula: Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 Localities: Habit: massive Colour: cream to brown Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "Cream to brown, massive, ferroan dolomite is common as a late-stage mineral in the tungsten veins and forms much of the 'ankerite veins' which split off westwards from the Emerson veins. Uncommon as crystals. Smythe & Dunham (1947) published an analysis of 'ankerite' from the Harding vein, but with only 7.5 wt% Fe this represents a ferroan dolomite." |
| ⓘ Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) References: |
| ⓘ 'Feldspar Group' References: |
| ⓘ Ferrimolybdite Formula: Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O Habit: fibrous to powdery Colour: yellow |
| ⓘ Fluorapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F References: Finlayson, A. M. (1910) The Ore-bearing Pegmatites of Carrock Fell, and the Genetic Significance of Tungsten-ores. Geological Magazine, S. 5 Vol. 7 (1). 19-28 doi:10.1017/s0016756800132649(analysis of "apatite" from Carrock mine showing it to be a fluorapatite) |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 Localities: Habit: sharp octahedra Colour: green-purple-colourless (zoned); pale green Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): In 1987, sharp octahedral crystals of green to purple zoned crystals (< 6mm) were found in cavities in quartz with calcite and iridescent pyrite from recent workings on the Smith vein. [...] The fluorite octahedra have green cores with later purple and colourless zones, and covered areas to about 40 x 20 mm (D.R. Hacker Collection). On the opposite side of the same level, pale green unzoned octahedra have subsequently been found (D.I. Green, pers. comm.)." |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS |
| ⓘ Goethite Formula: Fe3+O(OH) Localities: Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "R.J. King (pers. comm.) found a small sprig of gold on goethite-encrusted quartz in situ in the Harding vein working[...]" |
| ⓘ 'Grünlingite' ? Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "A supposed new bismuth telluride described by Muthmann and Schröder (1897) but discredited by Peacock (1941). Many specimens labelled 'grünlingite' are in old collections: most are probably mixtures of josëite-A, bismuthinite, ingodite (Peacock, 1941; Zav'yalov & Begizov, 1981) and possibly also josëite-B." References: Zav'yalov, E.N. and Begizov, V.D. (1981) Once more on the problem of grünlingite. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, 110, 633-635.[Mineralogical Abstracts, 33, 82M/3316] Zav'yalov, E.N. and Begizov, V.D. (1981) New bismuth mineral ingodite Bi2TeS. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 110(5): 594-600.(Mineralogical Abstracts, 33, 82M/3350) |
| ⓘ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O Habit: crystalline crust on quartz Colour: white Description: In the BM(NH) Collection from the No. 3 level (Young, 1987). References: |
| ⓘ Hedleyite Formula: Bi7Te3 Description: grains up to 200µm in greisen in the BM(NH) collection |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 References: |
| ⓘ Formula: MnWO4 Description: Kingsbury reference? References: |
| ⓘ Hydrocerussite ? Formula: Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 Description: Kingsbury reference. From the E-W lead vein at the foot of Brandy Gill. References: |
| ⓘ Ingodite Formula: Bi2TeS References: Zav'yalov, E.N. and Begizov, V.D. (1981) Once more on the problem of grünlingite. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, 110, 633-635.[Mineralogical Abstracts, 33, 82M/3316] Zav'yalov, E.N. and Begizov, V.D. (1981) New bismuth mineral ingodite Bi2TeS. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 110(5): 594-600.(Mineralogical Abstracts, 33, 82M/3350) |
| ⓘ Jamesonite ? Formula: Pb4FeSb6S14 Habit: acicular, fibrous, tufts, wool-like aggregates, small fibrous patches Colour: dark grey Description: Kingsbury reference. |
| ⓘ Jarosite ? Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 Description: Kingsbury reference. |
| ⓘ 'Joséite' Formula: Bi4TeS2 References: |
| ⓘ Joséite-A Formula: Bi4TeS2 References: Zav'yalov, E.N. and Begizov, V.D. (1981) Once more on the problem of grünlingite. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, 110, 633-635.[Mineralogical Abstracts, 33, 82M/3316] Zav'yalov, E.N. and Begizov, V.D. (1981) New bismuth mineral ingodite Bi2TeS. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 110(5): 594-600.(Mineralogical Abstracts, 33, 82M/3350) |
| ⓘ Joséite-B Formula: Bi4Te2S Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): Specimens in the BM(NH) labelled tetradymite and grünlingite contain joséite-B (among other species). References: |
| ⓘ Krupkaite Formula: CuPbBi3S6 Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "Electron microprobe analyses (by CJS) of a mineral replacing bismuthinite in a telluride-rich specimen (BM(NH)) give a formula consistent with that of krupkaite. Grains are minute (30-60µm)." |
| ⓘ Linarite ? Formula: PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Marcasite Formula: FeS2 References: |
| ⓘ 'Mica Group' Localities: Colour: yellow |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Localities: Habit: drusy crystalline aggregates to c. 10mm Colour: white Description: From the recent workings on the adit level on the Smith vein (D.R. Hacker, pers. comm., det. University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST): IR.) |
| ⓘ Mimetite Formula: Pb5(AsO4)3Cl References: |
| ⓘ 'Mimetite-Pyromorphite Series' ? References: |
| ⓘ Molybdenite Formula: MoS2 Localities: Description: Fortey (1978) describes an unusual occurrence of molybdenite from the Harding vein as 'thin-walled spheres of the order of 1 mm in diameter, embedded in the margins of arsenopyrite patches and filled with Bi-sulphides. May involve the development of droplets of a Bi-rich liquid." |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Gilbertite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 References: |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Native Bismuth Formula: Bi Localities: Habit: small cleavable masses Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "the 'bismuth ochre' reported from 'Brandy Gill' as an associate of bismuth (Goodchild, 1882: 104) may have been bismite or bismutite." |
| ⓘ Native Gold Formula: Au Localities: Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "R.J. King (pers. comm.) found a small sprig of gold on goethite-encrusted quartz in situ in the Harding vein working[...]" |
| ⓘ Olivenite ? Formula: Cu2(AsO4)(OH) Habit: tufts of minute needles Colour: very pale green Description: Kingsbury reference. Cooper & Stanley (1990): "Small tufts of minute, very pale green needles in cavities in quartz from the dumps below the Harding vein (Kingsbury & Hartley, MS)." References: |
| ⓘ Orthoclase Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "'Present in vein margins where they cut altered gabbro of the Carrock Fell Complex' (Fortey, 1980)." References: |
| ⓘ Petitjeanite Formula: Bi3(PO4)2O(OH) |
| ⓘ Pharmacosiderite Formula: KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O Localities: Description: T.F. Bridges (pers. comm., 1984). |
| ⓘ Powellite Formula: Ca(MoO4) Description: The first British occurrence (Hartley, 1984). References: |
| ⓘ Preisingerite Formula: Bi3(AsO4)2O(OH) |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Localities: Colour: iridescent |
| ⓘ Pyromorphite Formula: Pb5(PO4)3Cl Localities: Colour: pale green |
| ⓘ Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Raspite Formula: Pb(WO4) |
| ⓘ Rhodochrosite ? Formula: MnCO3 Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "Listed by Fortey (1978) but Fortey & Bland (1979) state 'rhodochrosite may be present but has not yet been located by the present writer.' The occurrence is doubtful." References: |
| ⓘ Rooseveltite Formula: Bi(AsO4) |
| ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 References: |
| ⓘ Scheelite Formula: Ca(WO4) Localities: Colour: colourless through wine yellow to clove brown |
| ⓘ Scorodite Formula: Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O Description: As an alteration of massive arsenopyrite. |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS |
| ⓘ Stibnite Formula: Sb2S3 |
| ⓘ Stilbite-Ca ? Formula: NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O Description: Erroneous entry for stibnite (Hartley, 1984) (Hartley, pers. comm., 1988). References: |
| ⓘ Stolzite Formula: Pb(WO4) Localities: Habit: very thin incomplete plates Colour: creamy Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "Stolzite has recently been found as very thin, incomplete, creamy plates in a gossany quartz matrix from the main dump; it is not distinctive in appearance and may easily be overlooked (J.G. Wilson, pers. comm., 1987, det. BM(NH): XRD)." |
| ⓘ Strengite Formula: FePO4 · 2H2O Localities: Habit: glassy spherules Colour: brown Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "As minute, glassy, brown spherules on wolframite from an exposure on the Harding vein (det. BM(NH): XRD, D. McCallum, pers. comm.)." |
| ⓘ Sylvanite ? Formula: AgAuTe4 Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "The presence of sylvanite in 'grünlingite' is mentioned in a letter of 1943 from W. Hemingway to Anthony Wilson (leaseholder of the mine) preserved in the Cumbria Record Office, Carlisle (DX/955/3v.). No other reference can be found." |
| ⓘ Talc Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Tetradymite ? Formula: Bi2Te2S Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "Specimens in the BM(NH) recently examined by CJS using optical and electron microprobe techniques show that those [specimens] labelled tetradymite contain mostly ingodite and joséite-B. [...] However, Clarke (1974) records an analysis (EPMA) of a Carrock mine sample that corresponds to tetradymite. Requires confirmation." References: |
| ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S Description: As inclusions in iron-rich sphalerite (Thimmaiah, 1956). References: |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline' Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Localities: Habit: bundles of fibrous crystals Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "Occasionally, as bundles of fibrous crystals 'mainly on the dumps from the Emmerson [sic] Vein' (Davidson & Thomson, 1951: 143)." |
| ⓘ Tremolite Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 Localities: Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "'Sparingly in a fibrous form, as an alteration product, on metamorphosed diabase from the Harding vein' (Davidson & Thomson, 1951: 143)." |
| ⓘ Tungstite Formula: WO3 · H2O Habit: powdery Colour: yellow Description: alteration product of wolframite. References: Finlayson, A. M. (1910) The Ore-bearing Pegmatites of Carrock Fell, and the Genetic Significance of Tungsten-ores. Geological Magazine, S. 5 Vol. 7 (1). 19-28 doi:10.1017/s0016756800132649 |
| ⓘ Uraninite Formula: UO2 Description: Cooper & Stanley (1990): "Found as minute grains (0.01 - 0.20mm) in the greisen wall-rock of a vein 'immediately west of the former smithy serving Carrock Mine'. Since radioactivity was restricted to the vicinity of the vein, the authors (Dawson & Harrison, 1966) suggested that the uraninite was associated with the vein mineralization." References: |
| ⓘ Vanadinite ? Formula: Pb5(VO4)3Cl Habit: short prismatic Colour: zoned pale brown and cream on a compact fine-grained reddish rock Description: Kingsbury reference.
Cooper & Stanley (1990): "From 'an old cross-cut driven close to the point where an east-west copper-lead vein meets an ankerite vein and the Emerson vein' (Kingsbury & Hartley, 1956: 291)."
Cooper & Stanley (1991): "Remarkably similar to some material from Hillsboro, New Mexico." |
| ⓘ 'Wolframite Group' |
| ⓘ Wulfenite Formula: Pb(MoO4) |
| ⓘ Zinkenite ? Formula: Pb9Sb22S42 Description: Kingsbury reference. |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Native Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
| ⓘ | Native Bismuth | 1.CA.05 | Bi |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Cubanite | 2.CB.55a | CuFe2S3 |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Bismuthinite | 2.DB.05 | Bi2S3 |
| ⓘ | Stibnite | 2.DB.05 | Sb2S3 |
| ⓘ | Hedleyite | 2.DC.05 | Bi7Te3 |
| ⓘ | Ingodite | 2.DC.05 | Bi2TeS |
| ⓘ | 'Joséite' | 2.DC.05 | Bi4TeS2 |
| ⓘ | Joséite-A | 2.DC.05 | Bi4TeS2 |
| ⓘ | Joséite-B | 2.DC.05 | Bi4Te2S |
| ⓘ | Tetradymite ? | 2.DC.05 | Bi2Te2S |
| ⓘ | Sylvanite ? | 2.EA.05 | AgAuTe4 |
| ⓘ | Molybdenite | 2.EA.30 | MoS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Marcasite | 2.EB.10a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Arsenopyrite | 2.EB.20 | FeAsS |
| ⓘ | 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' | 2.GB.05 | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
| ⓘ | Aikinite ? | 2.HB.05a | CuPbBiS3 |
| ⓘ | Krupkaite | 2.HB.05a | CuPbBi3S6 |
| ⓘ | Jamesonite ? | 2.HB.15 | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| ⓘ | Boulangerite ? | 2.HC.15 | Pb5Sb4S11 |
| ⓘ | Cosalite | 2.JB.10 | Pb2Bi2S5 |
| ⓘ | Zinkenite ? | 2.JB.35a | Pb9Sb22S42 |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Corundum | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Bismite | 4.CB.60 | Bi2O3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Rock Crystal | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Cassiterite | 4.DB.05 | SnO2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Hübnerite ? | 4.DB.30 | MnWO4 |
| ⓘ | 'Wolframite Group' | 4.DB.30 va | |
| ⓘ | Columbite-(Mn) | 4.DB.35 | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| ⓘ | Raspite | 4.DG.20 | Pb(WO4) |
| ⓘ | Uraninite | 4.DL.05 | UO2 |
| ⓘ | Tungstite | 4.FJ.10 | WO3 · H2O |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Rhodochrosite ? | 5.AB.05 | MnCO3 |
| ⓘ | Ankerite | 5.AB.10 | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Cerussite ? | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
| ⓘ | Azurite ? | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Hydrocerussite ? | 5.BE.10 | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Bismutite | 5.BE.25 | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Brochantite ? | 7.BB.25 | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Alunite ? | 7.BC.10 | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Beaverite-(Cu) ? | 7.BC.10 | Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Jarosite ? | 7.BC.10 | KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Linarite ? | 7.BC.65 | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Powellite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(MoO4) |
| ⓘ | Scheelite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(WO4) |
| ⓘ | Stolzite | 7.GA.05 | Pb(WO4) |
| ⓘ | Wulfenite | 7.GA.05 | Pb(MoO4) |
| ⓘ | Ferrimolybdite | 7.GB.30 | Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Rooseveltite | 8.AD.50 | Bi(AsO4) |
| ⓘ | Olivenite ? | 8.BB.30 | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Bayldonite | 8.BH.45 | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Beudantite ? | 8.BL.05 | PbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| ⓘ | Mimetite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Pyromorphite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Vanadinite ? | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Preisingerite | 8.BO.10 | Bi3(AsO4)2O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Petitjeanite | 8.BO.10 | Bi3(PO4)2O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Scorodite | 8.CD.10 | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Strengite | 8.CD.10 | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Arseniosiderite ? | 8.DH.30 | Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Pharmacosiderite | 8.DK.10 | KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| ⓘ | Betpakdalite-CaMg | 8.DM. | [Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O36(OH)] |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Beryl ? | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | Cordierite | 9.CJ.10 | Mg2Al4Si5O18 |
| ⓘ | Carpholite ? | 9.DB.05 | Mn2+Al2(Si2O6)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Actinolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Tremolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Talc | 9.EC.05 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Muscovite var. Gilbertite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Illite | 9.EC.15 | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | |
| ⓘ | var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Allophane | 9.ED.20 | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| ⓘ | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Stilbite-Ca ? | 9.GE.10 | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Bismuth Ochre' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Mica Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Mimetite-Pyromorphite Series' ? | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Grünlingite' ? | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Beudantite | PbFe33+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Carpholite | Mn2+Al2(Si2O6)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Ferrimolybdite | Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Gilbertite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| H | ⓘ Preisingerite | Bi3(AsO4)2O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Petitjeanite | Bi3(PO4)2O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Tungstite | WO3 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Betpakdalite-CaMg | [Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe33+O36(OH)] |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Beudantite | PbFe33+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | ⓘ Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Carpholite | Mn2+Al2(Si2O6)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| O | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| O | ⓘ Cordierite | Mg2Al4Si5O18 |
| O | ⓘ Corundum | Al2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Ferrimolybdite | Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Gilbertite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Hübnerite | MnWO4 |
| O | ⓘ Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| O | ⓘ Powellite | Ca(MoO4) |
| O | ⓘ Preisingerite | Bi3(AsO4)2O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Petitjeanite | Bi3(PO4)2O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Raspite | Pb(WO4) |
| O | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Rooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| O | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Stolzite | Pb(WO4) |
| O | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tungstite | WO3 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
| O | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| O | ⓘ Mimetite-Pyromorphite Series | |
| O | ⓘ Betpakdalite-CaMg | [Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe33+O36(OH)] |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Cordierite | Mg2Al4Si5O18 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Betpakdalite-CaMg | [Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe33+O36(OH)] |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Carpholite | Mn2+Al2(Si2O6)(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Al | ⓘ Cordierite | Mg2Al4Si5O18 |
| Al | ⓘ Corundum | Al2O3 |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Gilbertite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Carpholite | Mn2+Al2(Si2O6)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | ⓘ Cordierite | Mg2Al4Si5O18 |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Gilbertite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| P | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| P | ⓘ Petitjeanite | Bi3(PO4)2O(OH) |
| P | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| P | ⓘ Mimetite-Pyromorphite Series | |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Aikinite | CuPbBiS3 |
| S | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Beudantite | PbFe33+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | ⓘ Boulangerite | Pb5Sb4S11 |
| S | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | ⓘ Cosalite | Pb2Bi2S5 |
| S | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| S | ⓘ Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Ingodite | Bi2TeS |
| S | ⓘ Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| S | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Joséite | Bi4TeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Joséite-A | Bi4TeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Joséite-B | Bi4Te2S |
| S | ⓘ Krupkaite | CuPbBi3S6 |
| S | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| S | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | ⓘ Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Tetradymite | Bi2Te2S |
| S | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| S | ⓘ Zinkenite | Pb9Sb22S42 |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Mimetite-Pyromorphite Series | |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Gilbertite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Powellite | Ca(MoO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| Ca | ⓘ Betpakdalite-CaMg | [Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe33+O36(OH)] |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Carpholite | Mn2+Al2(Si2O6)(OH)4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Hübnerite | MnWO4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Fe | ⓘ Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Beudantite | PbFe33+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferrimolybdite | Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| Fe | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Fe | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Betpakdalite-CaMg | [Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe33+O36(OH)] |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Aikinite | CuPbBiS3 |
| Cu | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cu | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| Cu | ⓘ Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
| Cu | ⓘ Krupkaite | CuPbBi3S6 |
| Cu | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| As | ⓘ Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| As | ⓘ Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| As | ⓘ Beudantite | PbFe33+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| As | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| As | ⓘ Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| As | ⓘ Pharmacosiderite | KFe43+(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
| As | ⓘ Preisingerite | Bi3(AsO4)2O(OH) |
| As | ⓘ Rooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| As | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| As | ⓘ Mimetite-Pyromorphite Series | |
| As | ⓘ Betpakdalite-CaMg | [Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe33+O36(OH)] |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Ferrimolybdite | Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O |
| Mo | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| Mo | ⓘ Powellite | Ca(MoO4) |
| Mo | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Mo | ⓘ Betpakdalite-CaMg | [Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe33+O36(OH)] |
| Ag | Silver | |
| Ag | ⓘ Sylvanite | AgAuTe4 |
| Sn | Tin | |
| Sn | ⓘ Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Boulangerite | Pb5Sb4S11 |
| Sb | ⓘ Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| Sb | ⓘ Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| Sb | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Sb | ⓘ Zinkenite | Pb9Sb22S42 |
| Te | Tellurium | |
| Te | ⓘ Hedleyite | Bi7Te3 |
| Te | ⓘ Ingodite | Bi2TeS |
| Te | ⓘ Joséite | Bi4TeS2 |
| Te | ⓘ Joséite-A | Bi4TeS2 |
| Te | ⓘ Joséite-B | Bi4Te2S |
| Te | ⓘ Sylvanite | AgAuTe4 |
| Te | ⓘ Tetradymite | Bi2Te2S |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| W | Tungsten | |
| W | ⓘ Hübnerite | MnWO4 |
| W | ⓘ Raspite | Pb(WO4) |
| W | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| W | ⓘ Stolzite | Pb(WO4) |
| W | ⓘ Tungstite | WO3 · H2O |
| Au | Gold | |
| Au | ⓘ Native Gold | Au |
| Au | ⓘ Sylvanite | AgAuTe4 |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Aikinite | CuPbBiS3 |
| Pb | ⓘ Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe23+Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Pb | ⓘ Beudantite | PbFe33+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Pb | ⓘ Boulangerite | Pb5Sb4S11 |
| Pb | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| Pb | ⓘ Cosalite | Pb2Bi2S5 |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Pb | ⓘ Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| Pb | ⓘ Krupkaite | CuPbBi3S6 |
| Pb | ⓘ Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Raspite | Pb(WO4) |
| Pb | ⓘ Stolzite | Pb(WO4) |
| Pb | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Pb | ⓘ Zinkenite | Pb9Sb22S42 |
| Pb | ⓘ Mimetite-Pyromorphite Series | |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | ⓘ Aikinite | CuPbBiS3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Native Bismuth | Bi |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Cosalite | Pb2Bi2S5 |
| Bi | ⓘ Hedleyite | Bi7Te3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Ingodite | Bi2TeS |
| Bi | ⓘ Joséite | Bi4TeS2 |
| Bi | ⓘ Joséite-A | Bi4TeS2 |
| Bi | ⓘ Joséite-B | Bi4Te2S |
| Bi | ⓘ Krupkaite | CuPbBi3S6 |
| Bi | ⓘ Preisingerite | Bi3(AsO4)2O(OH) |
| Bi | ⓘ Petitjeanite | Bi3(PO4)2O(OH) |
| Bi | ⓘ Rooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| Bi | ⓘ Tetradymite | Bi2Te2S |
| U | Uranium | |
| U | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
Geochronology
Mineralization age: Phanerozoic : 282 Ma to 197 MaImportant note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.
| Geologic Time | Rocks, Minerals and Events | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phanerozoic | |||||||
| Mesozoic | |||||||
| Jurassic | |||||||
| Early Jurassic |
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| Paleozoic | |||||||
| Permian | |||||||
| Cisuralian |
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Localities in this Region
- England
- Cumbria
- Eden
- Mungrisdale
- Carrock Mine
- Mungrisdale
- Eden
- Cumbria
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
British and Irish IslesGroup of Islands
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
- AvaloniaVolcanic Arc
EuropeContinent
UK
- England
- Cumbria
- Caldbeck Fells Mining RegionMining District
- Carrock FellFell
- Lake District National ParkNational Park
- LDNPA Amber ZoneMineral Collecting Permit Zone
- Cumbria
This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to
visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders
for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.
References
Zav'yalov, E.N. and Begizov, V.D. (1981) Once more on the problem of grünlingite. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, 110, 633-635.[Mineralogical Abstracts, 33, 82M/3316; American Mineralogist, 62, 855 (1982)].
Phillips, William (1818) An Elementary Introduction to the Knowledge of Mineralogy (1st ed.) Collins and Co., New York.
Rudler, F. W. (1905) A Handbook to a Collection of the Minerals of the British Isles - Mostly selected from the Ludlam Collection, in the Museum of Practical Geology. 253pp.mentions apatite in which the green colour passes into pink at the termination
Finlayson, A. M. (1910) The Ore-bearing Pegmatites of Carrock Fell, and the Genetic Significance of Tungsten-ores. Geological Magazine, S. 5 Vol. 7 (1). 19-28 doi:10.1017/s0016756800132649(analysis of "apatite" from Carrock mine showing it to be a fluorapatite; also lists "well crystallized" galena).
Rastall, R. H., Wilcockson, W. H. (1915) The Accessory Minerals of the Granitic Rocks of theEnglish Lake District. Journal of the Geological Society, 71 (1) 592-622 doi:10.1144/gsl.jgs.1915.071.01-04.22
Stansfield Kitchen, C. (1934) The Skiddaw Granite and its Residual Products. Journal of the Geological Society, 90 (1) 158-200 doi:10.1144/gsl.jgs.1934.090.01-04.07
Russell, Arthur (1936) Notes on the occurrence of wulfenite at Brandy Gill, Cumberland, and of leadhillite at Drumruck mine, Kirkcudbrightshire. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 24 (153) 321-323 doi:10.1180/minmag.1936.024.153.04 (referring to molybdenite from the Emerson and Harding veins)
Smythe, J. A., Dunham, K. C. (1947) Ankerites and chalybites from the northern Pennine orefield and the north-east coalfield. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 28 (197) 53-74 doi:10.1180/minmag.1947.028.197.01
Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1956) New occurrences of vanadium minerals (mottramite, descloizite, and vanadinite) in the Caldbeck area of Cumberland. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (235) 289-295 doi:10.1180/minmag.1956.031.235.02
Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1956) Cosalite and other lead sulpho-salts at Grainsgill, Carrock Fell, Caldbeck, Cumberland. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (235) 296-300 doi:10.1180/minmag.1956.031.235.03
Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1957) New occurrences of arseniosiderite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (237) 499-500 doi:10.1180/minmag.1957.031.237.12
Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1957) Carpholite from Cumberland and Cornwall. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (237). 502 doi:10.1180/minmag.1957.031.237.15
Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1958) Jarosite and natrojarosite from the Lake District. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (240). 813-815 doi:10.1180/minmag.1958.031.240.09
Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1960) Carminite and beudantite from the northern part of the Lake District and from Cornwall. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 32 (249) 423-432 doi:10.1180/minmag.1960.032.249.01
Ewart, A. (1962) Hydrothermal Alteration in the Carrock Fell Area, Cumberland, England. Geological Magazine, 99 (1) 1-8 doi:10.1017/s001675680005706x
Ineson, P. R., Mitchell, J. G. (1974) K-Ar isotopic age determinations from some Lake District mineral localities. Geological Magazine, 111 (6). 521-537 doi:10.1017/s0016756800041571
Beddoe-Stephens, B., Fortey, N. J. (1981) Columbite from the Carrock Fell tungsten deposit. Mineralogical Magazine, 44 (334) 217-223 doi:10.1180/minmag.1981.044.334.16
Zav'yalov, E.N. and Begizov, V.D. (1981) New bismuth mineral ingodite Bi2TeS. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 110(5): 594-600.Mineralogical Abstracts, 33, 82M/3350; American Mineralogist, 62, 855 (1982)].
Cook, N. J., Ciobanu, C. L., Wagner, T., Stanley, C. J. (2007) Minerals of the system Bi–Te–Se–S related to the tetradymite archetype: review of classification and compositional variation. The Canadian Mineralogist, 45 (4) 665-708 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.45.4.665
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Carrock Mine, Mungrisdale, Eden, Cumbria, England, UK