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Sudani
Regional Level Types
Sudan Country

Regional Level Types
Sudan	Country

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Predictive Mineralogy

Aerial view of the Duweishat gold mining area, in 1985.

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

Aerial view of the Duweishat gold mining area, in 1985.

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

View of the ancient Duweishat gold mine gallery entrances in 1985.

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

Aerial view of the Duweishat gold mining area, in 1985.

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

Aerial view of the Duweishat gold mining area, in 1985.

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

View of the ancient Duweishat gold mine gallery entrances in 1985.

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

Aerial view of the Duweishat gold mining area, in 1985.

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

Aerial view of the Duweishat gold mining area, in 1985.

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

Area:

1,886,068 km²

Neighbouring regions:

Central African Republic

Red Sea

South Sudan

Type:

Country

Largest Settlements:

Place	Population
Khartoum	1,974,647 (2011)
Omdurman	1,200,000 (2012)
Nyala	565,734 (2017)
Port Sudan	489,725 (2015)
Kassala	401,477 (2012)
El Obeid	393,311 (2013)

Mindat Locality ID:

23359

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:23359:5

GUID (UUID V4):

Other Languages:

View 223 more...

Arabic:

السودان

French:

Soudan

German:

Sudan

Italian:

Sudan

Russian:

Судан

Simplified Chinese:

苏丹

Spanish:

Sudán

Achinese:

Sudan

Adyghe:

Судан

Afrikaans:

Soedan

Akan:

Sudan

Albanian:

Sudani

Alemannic:

Sudan

Amharic:

ሱዳን

Anglo-Saxon:

Sudan

Aragonese:

Sudán

Aramaic:

ܣܘܕܐܢ

Armenian:

Սուդան

Aromanian:

Sudan

Asturian:

Sudán

Azeri:

Sudan

Bambara:

Sudan

Bashkir:

Судан

Basque:

Sudan

Bavarian:

Sudan

Belarusian:

Судан

Belarusian (Tarashkevitsa):

Судан

Bengali:

সুদান

Bishnupriya Manipuri:

সুদান

Bosnian:

Sudan

Breton:

Soudan

Bulgarian:

Судан

Burmese:

ဆူဒန်နိုင်ငံ

Catalan:

Sudan

Cebuano:

Sudan

Central Bikol:

Sudan

Central Kurdish/Sorani:

سوودان

Chavacano:

Sudán

Chechen:

Судан

Cherokee:

ᏑᏕᏂ

Chewa:

Sudan

Chuvash:

Судан

Classical Chinese:

蘇丹

Cornish:

Soudan

Corsican:

Sudan

Crimean Tatar (Latin):

Sudan

Croatian:

Sudan

Czech:

Súdán

Danish:

Sudan

Doteli:

सुडान

Dutch:

Soedan

Dutch Low Saxon:

Soedan

Dzongkha:

སུ་ཌཱན

Egyptian Arabic:

السودان

Esperanto:

Sudano

Estonian:

Sudaan

Ewe:

Sudã

Extremaduran:

Sudán

Faroese:

Sudan

Farsi/Persian:

سودان

Fiji Hindi:

Sudan

Finnish:

Sudan

Franco-Provençal:

Sodan

Friulian:

Sudan

Fula:

Sudaan

Gagauz:

Sudan

Galician:

Sudán

Georgian:

სუდანი

Greek:

Σουδάν

Greenlandic:

Sudan

Guarani:

Sudano

Gujarati:

સુદાન

Haitian:

Soudan

Hakka:

Sudan

Hausa:

Sudan

Hawaiian:

Sudana

Hebrew:

סודאן

Hill Mari:

Судан

Hindi:

सूडान

Hungarian:

Szudán

Icelandic:

Súdan

Ido:

Sudan

Igbo:

Sudan

Iloko:

Sudan

Indonesian:

Sudan

Ingush:

Судан

Interlingua:

Sudan

Interlingue:

Sudan

Irish Gaelic:

An tSúdáin

Jamaican Patois:

Sudan

Japanese:

スーダン

Javanese:

Sudan

Judaeo-Spanish:

Sudan

Kabardian:

Судан

Kabiye:

Sudaanɩ

Kabyle:

Sudan

Kalmyk:

Суданмудин Орн

Kannada:

ಸುಡಾನ್

Kapampangan:

Sudan

Karakalpak:

Sudan

Kashmiri:

سوٗڈان

Kazakh (Cyrillic Script):

Сұдан

Khmer:

ស៊ូដង់

Kikuyu:

Sũdana

Kinyarwanda:

Sudani

Kongo:

Sudan

Konkani:

सुदान

Korean:

수단

Kurdish (Latin Script):

Sudan

Kyrgyz:

Судан

Lao:

ຊູດານ

Latin:

Sudania

Latvian:

Sudāna

Lezghian:

Судан

Ligurian:

Sudan

Limburgian:

Soedan

Lingala:

Sudani

Lingua Franca Nova:

Sudan

Lithuanian:

Sudanas

Livvi-Karelian:

Sudan

Lojban:

sudan

Lombard:

Sudan

Low Saxon/Low German:

Sudan

Lower Sorbian:

Sudan

Luganda:

Sudaani

Luxembourgish:

Sudan

Macedonian:

Судан

Maithili:

सूडान

Malagasy:

Sodan

Malay:

Sudan

Malayalam:

സുഡാൻ

Maltese:

Sudan

Manx:

Yn Toodaan

Maori:

Hūtāne

Marathi:

सुदान

Mazanderani:

سودان

Min Dong Chinese:

Sudan

Mingrelian:

სუდანი

Minnan / Hokkien-Taiwanese:

Sudan

Mongolian:

Судан

Nahuatl:

Sudan

Nauruan:

Tudan

Navajo:

Soodą́ą

Nepali:

सुडान

Newar / Nepal Bhasa:

सुदान

Norfolk:

Sudan

Northern Frisian:

Sudaan

Northern Sami:

Sudan

Northern Sotho:

Sudan

Norwegian:

Sudan

Norwegian (Nynorsk):

Sudan

Novial:

Sudan

Occitan:

Sodan

Odia:

ସୁଦାନ

Ossetian:

Судан

Pali:

सूडान

Papiamento:

Sudan

Pashto:

سوډان

Pennsylvania German:

Sudan

Piedmontese:

Sudan

Polish:

Sudan

Portuguese:

Sudão

Punjabi:

ਸੁਡਾਨ

Quechua:

Sudan

Ripuarian:

der Sudahn

Romanian:

Sudan

Romansh:

Sudan

Rundi:

Sudani

Russia Buriat:

Судан

Rusyn:

Судан

Samoan:

Sudan

Samogitian:

Sudans

Sango:

Sudäan

Sanskrit:

सूडान

Sardinian:

Sudan

Saterland Frisian:

Sudan

Scots:

Sudan

Scottish Gaelic:

Sudan

Serbian:

Судан

Serbo-Croatian:

Sudan

Sesotho:

Sudan

Shona:

Sudan

Sicilian:

Sudan

Silesian:

Sudan

Sinhalese:

සුඩානය

Slovak:

Sudán

Slovenian:

Sudan

Somali:

Suudaan

South Azerbaijani:

سودان

Sundanese:

Sudan

Swahili:

Sudan

Swati:

ISudani

Swedish:

Sudan

Tagalog:

Sudan

Tajik (Cyrillic Script):

Судон

Tamil:

சூடான்

Tarantino:

Sudan

Tatar:

Судан

Telugu:

సూడాన్

Thai:

ซูดาน

Tibetan (Standard):

སུའུ་ཏན།

Tigrinya:

ሱዳን

Tongan:

Sūteni

Traditional Chinese:

蘇丹

Tsonga:

Sudan

Turkish:

Sudan

Turkmen:

Sudan

Ukrainian:

Судан

Upper Sorbian:

Sudan

Urdu:

سوڈان

Uyghur:

سۇدان

Uzbek (Latin Script):

Sudan

Venetian:

Sudan

Veps:

Sudan

Vietnamese:

Sudan

Volapük:

Sudän

Võro:

Sudaan

Waray:

Sudan

Welsh:

Sudan

West Frisian:

Sûdan

Western Punjabi:

سوڈان

Wolof:

Sudaan

Wu Chinese:

苏丹

Yakut:

Судан

Yiddish:

סודאן

Yoruba:

Sudan

Zazaki:

Sudan

Zeelandic:

Soedan

Zhuang:

Sudan

Zulu:

ISudan

Sudan is divided into 25 wilayat (states; sing. wilayah).

NOTE: A political referendum in January 2011 led to a split into a northern Sudan and a southern Sudan.

The 10 states that will leave (northern) Sudan are Central Equatoria, East Equatoria, Jungoli, Lakes, North Bahr-al-Ghazal, Unity, Upper Nile, Warap, West Bahr-al-Ghazal, and West Equatoria. The official secession is scheduled for 9 July 2011.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'

ⓘ var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

ⓘ 'High-calcium pyroxene'

ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'

ⓘ 'Low-calcium pyroxene'

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup'

ⓘ Tenorite

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Unnamed (Al-Cu Alloy)'

131 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

ⓘ 'Anomalous ureilite meteorite'

ⓘ Aubrite meteorite

ⓘ Basalt

ⓘ Basaltic and anorthositic Lunar meteorite

ⓘ 'Chlorite-sericite schist'

ⓘ Chondrite meteorite

ⓘ 'Hornblende diorite'

ⓘ 'Hydrothermal breccia'

ⓘ 'Quartz-feldspar gneiss'

ⓘ 'Quartz-feldspar porphyry'

ⓘ 'Quartz-sericite schist'

ⓘ 'Tholeiitic basalt'

ⓘ Tuff

ⓘ Volcaniclastic rock

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

Localities:

Abirkatib Mine, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan
Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Ingessana Hills, Blue Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Alabandite

Formula: MnS

Localities:

Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan
Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ Albite var. High Albite

Formula: NaAlSi₃O₈

Locality: Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan

References:

Hey, M. H. & Easton, A. J. in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 31(10):1789-1790 (1967)

ⓘ Alunite

Formula: KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆

Locality: Amgififa deposit, River Nile, Sudan

References:

Adam, Mohammed S.M., Babikir, Khalid A., Kim, YoungJae, Park, Maeng-Eon, F.H. Orellana, Jose, Kim, Young-Seog (2024) Geology and structural setting of the undiscovered Amgififa volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit in the southwestern part of the Haya Terrane, Arabian-Nubian Shield, Sudan. Ore Geology Reviews, 167. 105969 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.105969

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

Formula: AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂

Localities:

Malachite Mountain, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Hamadi Mine, Blue Nile, Sudan
Quartz Knob, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ Analcime

Formula: Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O

Locality: Unnamed zeolite occurrence, Al Qadarif, Sudan

References:

Suliman, T.A.; Hong, Hanlie; Hassan, M.A.; Yong, Li; Liu, Chen; Yunusa, Adamu; Salim, Atif; Algeo, Thomas J. (2025) Constraints of groundwater and hydrothermal activity on formation of zeolites in alkaline basalts (Gedaref, eastern Sudan). Ore Geology Reviews, 185. 106784 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106784

ⓘ Anatase

Formula: TiO₂

Locality: Jebel Tawiga, North Darfur, Sudan

References:

Schwarz, T., & Germann, K. (1999). Weathering surfaces, laterite-derived sediments and associated mineral deposits in north-east Africa. Palaeoweathering, Palaeosurfaces and Related Continental Deposits, 367-390.

ⓘ Anglesite

Formula: PbSO₄

Locality: Kutum lead-zinc deposit, North Darfur, Sudan

References:

Vail, J. R. (1978) Outline of the geology and mineral deposits of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan and adjacent areas. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources 49. Institute of Geological Sciencesp.47

Yassin, A. A., Khalil, F. A., & El Shafie, A. G. (1984). Explanatory Note to the Geological Map at the Scale of 1: 2,000,000 of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan. The Democratic Republic of the Sudan Ministry of Energy and Mining, Geological & Mineral Resources Department. Bulletin, (35), 1-63.

ⓘ Anhydrite

Formula: CaSO₄

Localities:

Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Malachite Mountain, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Amgififa deposit, River Nile, Sudan
Quartz Knob, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ Ankerite

Formula: Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂

Localities:

Central Zone Orogenic Gold Deposit, Northern State, Sudan
Amgififa deposit, River Nile, Sudan
Hamadi Mine, Blue Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Antigorite

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Locality: Ingessana Hills, Blue Nile, Sudan

References:

Ahmed Khidir Yagoub () Mineral Processing in Blue Nile. Scribd

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃A

Localities:

Uro, South Kordofan, Sudan
Meidob Hills, South Darfur, Sudan
Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Aragonite

Formula: CaCO₃

Locality: Malha Crater, Meidob Hills, North Darfur, Sudan

References:

Mees, Florias, Verschuren, Dirk, Nijs, Roger, Dumont, Henri (1991) Holocene evolution of the crater lake at Malha, Northwest Sudan. Journal of Paleolimnology, 5. doi:10.1007/bf00200347

ⓘ Arsenopyrite

Formula: FeAsS

Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.

ⓘ Augite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

Locality: Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

References:

Michael Zolensky et al. (2010). Mineralogy and Petrography of the Almahata Sitta ureilite, Meteoritics & Planetary Science 45, #10-11, 1618-1637. (Oct/Nov 2010).

ⓘ Aurostibite

Formula: AuSb₂

Locality: Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

References:

Fuganti, Andrea, Morteani, Giulio & Grundmann, Guenter (1987). Gold Deposits in the Northern Nubian Desert, Sudan. Conference: Third Symposium on the Geology of Libya - 27-30 September 1987, Tripoli, Libya, Volume: The Geology of Libya Volume VII, pp. 2638-2642.

ⓘ Azurite

Formula: Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂

Localities:

Hofrat-en-Nahas copper mine, South Darfur, Sudan
Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Amgififa deposit, River Nile, Sudan
Gebeit Mine, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ Baryte

Formula: BaSO₄

Localities:

Hailib, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan
Hassaï Mine, Ariab, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ Beryl

Formula: Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)

Locality: Jebel Abu Nahl, River Nile, Sudan

References:

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Bismuthinite

Formula: Bi₂S₃

Locality: Abu Samar, Derudeb District, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

www.gras-sd.com (2004) http://www.gras-sd.com/products/bro_basemetel.htm

ⓘ Bornite

Formula: Cu₅FeS₄

Localities:

Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan
Malachite Mountain, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Al Hagagia Au deposit, North Kordofan State, Sudan
Quartz Knob, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ Böhmite

Formula: AlO(OH)

Locality: Jebel Tawiga, North Darfur, Sudan

References:

Germann, K., Schwarz, T., & Wipki, M. (1994). Mineral deposit formation in Phanerozoic sedimentary basins of north-east Africa: the contribution of weathering. Geologische Rundschau, 83(4), 787-798.

ⓘ Buseckite

Formula: (Fe,Zn,Mn)S

Locality: Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

References:

Kimura, M., Weisberg, M. K., Takaki, A., Imae, N., & Yamaguchi, A. (2021). An Almahata Sitta EL3 fragment: implications for the complex thermal history of enstatite chondrites. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 8(1), 1-12.

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'

Formula: A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂

Localities:

Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Quartz Knob, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Jebel Ohier East, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Malachite Mountain, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende'

Formula: A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂

Localities:

Quartz Knob, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Malachite Mountain, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Jebel Ohier East, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ Cassiterite

Formula: SnO₂

Localities:

Jabal Gash Amir, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan
Sabaloka area, River Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Cerussite

Formula: PbCO₃

Locality: Kutum lead-zinc deposit, North Darfur, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Chabazite-Ca

Formula: (Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O

Locality: Unnamed zeolite occurrence, Al Qadarif, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Chalcocite

Formula: Cu₂S

Localities:

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan
Umm Fahm, Northern State, Sudan
Al Hagagia Au deposit, North Kordofan State, Sudan

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

Localities: Reported from at least 17 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region.

ⓘ Chromite

Formula: Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Chrysocolla

Formula: Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1

Localities:

Hofrat-en-Nahas copper mine, South Darfur, Sudan
Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ 'Clay minerals'

Locality: Unnamed zeolite occurrence, Al Qadarif, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Clinochlore

Formula: Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈

Locality: Ingessana Hills, Blue Nile, Sudan

References:

Ministry of Energy and Mining The Geological Research Authority of The Sudan (GRAS) Chromium and Nickel in the Sudan Brochure AR3-4

ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore

Formula: Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈

Locality: Ingessana Hills, Blue Nile, Sudan

References:

Ministry of Energy and Mining The Geological Research Authority of The Sudan (GRAS) Chromium and Nickel in the Sudan Brochure AR3-4

ⓘ Clinoenstatite

Formula: MgSiO₃

Locality: Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan

References:

Hey, M. H. & Easton, A. J. in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 31(10):1789-1790 (1967)

ⓘ Cohenite

Formula: Fe₃C

Locality: Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

References:

Y. Aoyagi, T. Mikouchi, C. A. Goodrich, Michael E. Zolensky (2013). Mineralogy of Grain Boundary Metal in Ureilitic Fragments of Almahata Sitta. 76th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, held July 29-August 7, 2013 in Edmonton, Canada. Published in Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, id.5231. (Sept 2013)

ⓘ 'Copper Stain'

Locality: Umm Fahm, Northern State, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Covellite

Formula: CuS

Localities:

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan
Amgififa deposit, River Nile, Sudan
Al Hagagia Au deposit, North Kordofan State, Sudan

ⓘ Crandallite

Formula: CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆

Localities:

Uro, South Kordofan, Sudan
Jebel Tawiga, North Darfur, Sudan

ⓘ Cubanite

Formula: CuFe₂S₃

Locality: Abu Samar, Derudeb District, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

www.gras-sd.com (2004) http://www.gras-sd.com/products/bro_basemetel.htm

ⓘ Daubréelite

Formula: Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂S₄

Localities:

Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan
Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Diamond

Formula: C

Locality: Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

References:

Barbaro, A.

Domeneghetti, M.C.

Goodrich, C.A.

Meneghetti, M.

Litti, L.

Fioretti, A.M.

Jenniskens, P.

Shaddad, M.H.

Michael Zolensky et al. (2010). Mineralogy and Petrography of the Almahata Sitta ureilite, Meteoritics & Planetary Science 45, #10-11, 1618-1637. (Oct/Nov 2010).

Barbaro, Anna, Domeneghetti, M., Goodrich, Cyrena, Meneghetti, Moreno, Litti, Lucio, Fioretti, Anna, Jenniskens, Peter, Shaddad, Muawia, Nestola, Fabrizio (2020) Graphite-Based Geothermometry on Almahata Sitta Ureilitic Meteorites. Minerals, 10 (11) 1005 doi:10.3390/min10111005

ⓘ Diaspore

Formula: AlO(OH)

Locality: Jebel Tawiga, North Darfur, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

Localities:

Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan
Dirbat Well skarn deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan

ⓘ Djerfisherite

Formula: K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl

Locality: Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan

References:

Theo Ntaflos, Klaus Keil & Horton E. Newson (1988). Khor Temiki: an Enstatite Achondrite with Evidence of Mixing of Metal and Sulfides from Separate Sources. Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, vol. 19, p. 870.

ⓘ Dolomite

Formula: CaMg(CO₃)₂

Locality: Malha Crater, Meidob Hills, North Darfur, Sudan

References:

Mees, Florias, Verschuren, Dirk, Nijs, Roger, Dumont, Henri (1991) Holocene evolution of the crater lake at Malha, Northwest Sudan. Journal of Paleolimnology, 5. doi:10.1007/bf00200347

Sharygin, Igor S.; Golovin, Alexander V.; Korsakov, Andrey V.; Pokhilenko, Nikolay P. (2014) Eitelite in sheared peridotite xenoliths from Udachnaya-East kimberlite pipe (Russia) - a new locality and host rock type. European Journal of Mineralogy, 25 (5). 825-834 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2013/0025-2315

ⓘ Eitelite

Formula: Na₂Mg(CO₃)₂

Locality: Malha Crater, Meidob Hills, North Darfur, Sudan

References:

Mees, Florias, Verschuren, Dirk, Nijs, Roger, Dumont, Henri (1991) Holocene evolution of the crater lake at Malha, Northwest Sudan. Journal of Paleolimnology, 5. doi:10.1007/bf00200347

ⓘ Enstatite

Formula: Mg₂Si₂O₆

Localities:

Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan
Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ Famatinite

Formula: Cu₃SbS₄

Locality: Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

References:

Dr. Günter Grundmann collectionIdentified by Dr. Günter Grundmann: Polarised-light microscopy

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

Localities:

Meidob Hills, South Darfur, Sudan
KT01 micrometeorite, Northern State, Sudan
Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan
Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan
Northeast Africa 001, Northern State, Sudan

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ Fluorite

Formula: CaF₂

Localities:

Jabal Gash Amir, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan
Jugob Al Kharasana, Nuba Mountains, North Kordofan State, Sudan
Jebel Dumbier, Nuba Mountains, North Kordofan State, Sudan
Jebel Semeih, North Kordofan State, Sudan

ⓘ Forsterite

Formula: Mg₂(SiO₄)

Localities:

Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan
KT01 micrometeorite, Northern State, Sudan

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Garnet Group'

Formula: X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

Localities:

Al Hagagia Au deposit, North Kordofan State, Sudan
Hamadi Mine, Blue Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Gaylussite

Formula: Na₂Ca(CO₃)₂ · 5H₂O

Locality: Malha Crater, Meidob Hills, North Darfur, Sudan

References:

Mees, Florias, Verschuren, Dirk, Nijs, Roger, Dumont, Henri (1991) Holocene evolution of the crater lake at Malha, Northwest Sudan. Journal of Paleolimnology, 5. doi:10.1007/bf00200347

ⓘ Gibbsite

Formula: Al(OH)₃

Locality: Jebel Tawiga, North Darfur, Sudan

References:

ⓘ 'Glass'

Localities:

Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan
KT01 micrometeorite, Northern State, Sudan

Description: Silica-rich glass.

ⓘ Glaucophane

Formula: ◻Na₂(Mg₃Al₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

Locality: Abu Tulu Iron Deposit, West Kordofan State, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: Fe³⁺O(OH)

Localities:

Fodikwan Mine, Marsa Oseif, Red Sea, Sudan
Uro, South Kordofan, Sudan
Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan
Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Abu Sari Gold Mine, Abu Sari, Northern State, Sudan

ⓘ Graphite

Formula: C

Localities:

Uro, South Kordofan, Sudan
Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan
Babaras, Blue Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Grossular

Formula: Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Locality: Dirbat Well skarn deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Gypsum

Formula: CaSO₄ · 2H₂O

Locality: Khor Eit gypsum deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

Purser, Bruce H.; Bosence, Dan W. J. (1998) Sedimentation and Tectonics in Rift Basins Red Sea:- Gulf of Aden. Chapman & Hall.

ⓘ Halite

Formula: NaCl

Locality: El-Atrun, North Darfur, Sudan

References:

Nielsen, Joan M. (1999) East African magadi (trona): fluoride concentration and mineralogical composition. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 29 (2) 423-428 doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(99)00107-4

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

Localities: Reported from at least 17 localities in this region.

ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

Locality: Jebel Barberi, West Darfur, Sudan

References:

ⓘ 'High-calcium pyroxene'

Locality: Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

References:

ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'

Formula: ◻Ca₂(C²⁺₄C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂

Locality: Rida Mine, Blue Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Hübnerite

Formula: MnWO₄

Locality: Jebel Ayub, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

www.gras-sd.com (2004) http://www.gras-sd.com/products/bro_basemetel.htm

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

Localities:

Northeast Africa 001, Northern State, Sudan
Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Jacobsite

Formula: Mn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

Locality: Abu Samar, Derudeb District, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

www.gras-sd.com (2004) http://www.gras-sd.com/products/bro_basemetel.htm

ⓘ Jarosite

Formula: KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆

Locality: Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

Bierlein, Frank P., Potma, Warren, Cernuschi, Federico, Brauhart, Carl, Robinson, Jamie, Bargmann, Chris J., Bullen, Warwick, Henriquez, Jose F., Davies, Ian, Kennedy, Allen (2020) New Insights into the Evolution and Age of the Neoproterozoic Jebel Ohier Porphyry Copper Deposit, Red Sea Hills, Northeastern Sudan. Economic Geology, 115 (1) 1-31 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4691

ⓘ Kaolinite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ Keilite

Formula: (Fe²⁺,Mg)S

Localities:

Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan
Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

Localities:

Quartz Knob, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Sudan
Malachite Mountain, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ Khatyrkite

Formula: (Cu,Zn)Al₂

Locality: KT01 micrometeorite, Northern State, Sudan

References:

Suttle, M. D.; Twegar, K.; Nava, J.; Spiess, R.; Spratt, J.; Campanale, F.; Folco, L. (2019) A unique CO-like micrometeorite hosting an exotic Al-Cu-Fe-bearing assemblage – close affinities with the Khatyrka meteorite. Scientific Reports, 9 (1). 12426 doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48937-0

www.nature.com (2020) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-48937-0

ⓘ Kyanite

Formula: Al₂(SiO₄)O

Locality: Jebel Qerein, Kassala, Sudan

References:

sites.google.com (n.d.) http://sites.google.com/site/sudatour/mineral

ⓘ 'Limonite'

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Low-calcium pyroxene'

Locality: Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Magadiite

Formula: Na₂Si₁₄O₂₉ · 11H₂O

Locality: Malha Crater, Meidob Hills, North Darfur, Sudan

References:

Mees, Florias, Verschuren, Dirk, Nijs, Roger, Dumont, Henri (1991) Holocene evolution of the crater lake at Malha, Northwest Sudan. Journal of Paleolimnology, 5. doi:10.1007/bf00200347

ⓘ Magnesite

Formula: MgCO₃

Locality: Ingasana Mafic-Ultramafic Complex, Blue Nile, Sudan

References:

Alshareef, Salah, Hu, Xiangyun, Wang, Jiahao, Liang, Qing, Liu, Shengbo, Li, Yong, Alkhafaji, Harith F., Harash, Fayez, Hussain, Wakeel, Mohamed-Ali, Mohamed A. (2025) Integrated geological and geophysical approaches to map structural controls of chromite deposits associated with ultramafic–mafic complexes of the Ingasana in the southwestern Blue Nile metallogenic province, SE Sudan. Ore Geology Reviews, 177. 106441 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106441

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

Localities: Reported from at least 20 localities in this region.

ⓘ Malachite

Formula: Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ Manganite

Formula: Mn³⁺O(OH)

Localities:

Hailib, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan
Tehilla, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ Marcasite

Formula: FeS₂

Localities:

Kutum lead-zinc deposit, North Darfur, Sudan
Gebeit Mine, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan
Hamadi Mine, Blue Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Merrillite

Formula: Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇

Locality: Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

References:

Bischoff, A., Horstmann, M., Barrat, J-A., Chaussidon, M., Pack, A., Herwartz, D., Ward, D., Vollmer, C.& Decker D. (2014) Trachyandesitic volcanism in the early Solar System: Proceedings National Academy Science 111 (35): 12689-12692.

ⓘ Mesolite

Formula: Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O

Locality: Unnamed zeolite occurrence, Al Qadarif, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Microcline

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

Localities:

Jebel Abu Nahl, River Nile, Sudan
Jugob Al Kharasana, Nuba Mountains, North Kordofan State, Sudan
Jebel Dumbier, Nuba Mountains, North Kordofan State, Sudan

ⓘ Molybdenite

Formula: MoS₂

Localities:

Abu Samar, Derudeb District, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan
Sabaloka area, River Nile, Sudan
Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Hofrat-en-Nahas copper mine, South Darfur, Sudan ? (more information)

ⓘ 'Monazite Group'

Formula: REE(PO₄)

Locality: Central Zone Orogenic Gold Deposit, Northern State, Sudan

References:

Berthier, Célestine, Perret, Julien, Eglinger, Aurélien, André-Mayer, Anne-Sylvie, Feneyrol, Julien, Voinot, Alexandre, Teitler, Yoram, Bosc, Rémi (2023) Pyrite as a Microtextural and Geochemical Tracer of Ore-Forming Processes, Central Zone Orogenic Gold Deposit, Gabgaba District, Sudan. Economic Geology, 118 (5) 1031-1053 doi:10.5382/econgeo.5001

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region.

ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite

Formula: K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂

Locality: Babaras, Blue Nile, Sudan

References:

Ahmed Khidir Yagoub () Mineral Processing in Blue Nile. Scribd

ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite

Formula: KAl_1.5(Mg,Fe)_0.5(Al_0.5Si_3.5O₁₀)(OH)₂

Locality: Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.

ⓘ Nahcolite

Formula: NaHCO₃

Locality: Malha Crater, Meidob Hills, North Darfur, Sudan

References:

Mees, Florias, Verschuren, Dirk, Nijs, Roger, Dumont, Henri (1991) Holocene evolution of the crater lake at Malha, Northwest Sudan. Journal of Paleolimnology, 5. doi:10.1007/bf00200347

ⓘ Native Copper

Formula: Cu

Locality: Hofrat-en-Nahas copper mine, South Darfur, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Native Gold

Formula: Au

Localities: Reported from at least 31 localities in this region.

ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum

Formula: (Au,Ag)

Localities:

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan
Al Hagagia Au deposit, North Kordofan State, Sudan

ⓘ Native Iron

Formula: Fe

Localities:

Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan
Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan
KT01 micrometeorite, Northern State, Sudan

Description: Iron (Ni< 0.1% Ni).

ⓘ Native Iron var. Kamacite

Formula: (Fe,Ni)

Localities:

Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan
Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Native Silver

Formula: Ag

Localities:

Abu Samar, Derudeb District, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan
Kutum lead-zinc deposit, North Darfur, Sudan
Al Hagagia Au deposit, North Kordofan State, Sudan

ⓘ Native Silver var. Küstelite

Formula: Ag

Locality: Al Hagagia Au deposit, North Kordofan State, Sudan

References:

Jie Li, Lixin Yang, Shiyong Li, Shijun Ni, Chengjiang Zhang, and Linsong Yu (2011): Geological Survey and Research 34(3), 215-219

ⓘ Native Sulphur

Formula: S₈

Locality: Jebel Marra, North Darfur, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Natrolite

Formula: Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O

Locality: Unnamed zeolite occurrence, Al Qadarif, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Neotocite

Formula: (Mn,Fe)SiO₃ · H₂O (?)

Locality: Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Niningerite

Formula: MgS

Localities:

Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan
Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Nontronite

Formula: Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

Locality: Unnamed zeolite occurrence, Al Qadarif, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Oldhamite

Formula: CaS

Localities:

Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan
Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan

ⓘ 'Olivine Group'

Formula: M₂SiO₄

Localities:

Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan
Amgififa deposit, River Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Osbornite

Formula: TiN

Locality: Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan

References:

Keil, Klaus (1969) Titanum distribution in enstatite chondrites and achondrites, and its bearing on their origin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 7 (3) 243-248 doi:10.1016/0012-821x(69)90060-0

ⓘ Perryite

Formula: (Ni,Fe)₅(Si,P)₂

Locality: Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

References:

Addi Bischoff, Mariam Horstmann, Andreas Pack, Matthias Laubstein & Siegfried Haberer (2010). Asteroid 2008 TC3—Almahata Sitta: A spectacular breccia containing many different ureilitic and chondritic lithologies. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 45, (#10-11), 1638-1657-1667. (Oct-Nov 2010).

ⓘ 'Phyllosilicate'

Locality: Unnamed zeolite occurrence, Al Qadarif, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Pigeonite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

Locality: Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

References:

Barbaro, A.

Domeneghetti, M.C.

Goodrich, C.A.

Meneghetti, M.

Litti, L.

Fioretti, A.M.

Jenniskens, P.

Shaddad, M.H.

Michael K. Weisberg, Caroline Smith, Gretchen Benedix, Cristopher K. D. Herd, Kevin Righter, Henning Hack, Akira Yamaguchi, Hasnaa Chennaoui & Jeffrey N. Grossman (2009). The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 96, September 2009, Meteoritics & Planetary Science 44, (#9), 1355-1397.

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈

Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.

ⓘ Pseudomalachite

Formula: Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄

Locality: Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

ⓘ 'Psilomelane'

Localities:

Sinkat area, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan
Tehilla, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

Localities: Reported from at least 20 localities in this region.

ⓘ Pyrolusite

Formula: Mn⁴⁺O₂

Localities:

Hailib, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan
Sinkat area, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan
Tehilla, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ Pyrophyllite

Formula: Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

Localities:

Quartz Knob, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Jebel Ohier East, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Malachite Mountain, Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'

Formula: ADSi₂O₆

Localities:

Meidob Hills, South Darfur, Sudan
Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan
Northeast Africa 001, Northern State, Sudan

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

Localities:

Abu Samar, Derudeb District, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan
Central Zone Orogenic Gold Deposit, Northern State, Sudan
Al Hagagia Au deposit, North Kordofan State, Sudan
Hassaï Mine, Ariab, Red Sea, Sudan
Hofrat-en-Nahas copper mine, South Darfur, Sudan

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Localities: Reported from at least 43 localities in this region.

ⓘ Quartz var. Agate

Formula: SiO₂

Locality: Unnamed zeolite occurrence, Al Qadarif, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony

Formula: SiO₂

Locality: Ingessana Hills, Blue Nile, Sudan

References:

Ahmed Khidir Yagoub () Mineral Processing in Blue Nile. Scribd

ⓘ Realgar

Formula: As₄S₄

Locality: Abu Samar, Derudeb District, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

www.gras-sd.com (2004) http://www.gras-sd.com/products/bro_basemetel.htm

ⓘ Rhodochrosite

Formula: MnCO₃

Locality: Tehilla, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Roedderite

Formula: K(◻Na)Mg₂Mg₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]

Locality: Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan

References:

www.meteoritestudies.com/protected_MAYO-BEL.HTM

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

Localities:

Jebel Tawiga, North Darfur, Sudan
Central Zone Orogenic Gold Deposit, Northern State, Sudan

ⓘ Scheelite

Formula: Ca(WO₄)

Localities:

Jebel Ayub, Red Sea, Sudan
Sabaloka area, River Nile, Sudan
Northern State, Sudan
Ginnis, Northern State, Sudan
Jebel Eyob W deposit, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ Schorlomite

Formula: Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂

Locality: Babaras, Blue Nile, Sudan

References:

Ahmed Khidir Yagoub () Mineral Processing in Blue Nile. Scribd

ⓘ Schreibersite

Formula: (Fe,Ni)₃P

Localities:

Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan
Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Scorodite

Formula: Fe³⁺AsO₄ · 2H₂O

Locality: Gebeit Mine, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

Jianyong Hu, Lun Yang, Hui Li, and Jianquan Liu (2011): Metallogenesis and prospect of gold deposits in northeast Sudan. Geology and Exploration 47(3), 505-511 (in Chinese with English abstract).

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

Formula: D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄

Localities:

Ingasana Mafic-Ultramafic Complex, Blue Nile, Sudan
Ingessana Hills, Blue Nile, Sudan
Jebel Gam Mine, Ingessana Hills, Blue Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Siderite

Formula: FeCO₃

Locality: Fodikwan Mine, Marsa Oseif, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

ⓘ 'Silica'

Locality: Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

References:

Michael Zolensky et al. (2010). Mineralogy and Petrography of the Almahata Sitta ureilite, Meteoritics & Planetary Science 45, #10-11, 1618-1637. (Oct/Nov 2010).

ⓘ Sinoite

Formula: Si₂N₂O

Locality: Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

References:

El Goresy, A., Lin, Y., Feng, L., Boyet, M., Hao, J., Zhang, J., Dubrovinsky, L. (2012). Almahata Sitta EL-3 Chondrites: Sinoite, Graphite, and Oldhamite (CsS) Assemblages C- and N-Isotopic Compositions and REE Patterns. 75th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, held August 12-17, 2012 in Cairns, Australia. Published in Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, id.5108. ( Sept2012).

ⓘ 'Smectite Group'

Formula: A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O

Locality: Unnamed zeolite occurrence, Al Qadarif, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.

ⓘ Spinel

Formula: MgAl₂O₄

Localities:

Northeast Africa 001, Northern State, Sudan
Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Staurolite

Formula: Fe²⁺₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)

Locality: Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Stilbite-Ca

Formula: NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O

Locality: Unnamed zeolite occurrence, Al Qadarif, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Stolperite

Formula: AlCu

Locality: KT01 micrometeorite, Northern State, Sudan

References:

www.nature.com (2020) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-48937-0

ⓘ Strontianite

Formula: SrCO₃

Localities:

Jugob Al Kharasana, Nuba Mountains, North Kordofan State, Sudan
Jebel Dumbier, Nuba Mountains, North Kordofan State, Sudan

ⓘ Suessite

Formula: Fe₃Si

Locality: Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Taenite

Formula: (Ni,Fe)

Localities:

Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan
Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan
KT01 micrometeorite, Northern State, Sudan

ⓘ Talc

Formula: Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

Localities:

Ingasana Mafic-Ultramafic Complex, Blue Nile, Sudan
Ingessana Hills, Blue Nile, Sudan
Babaras, Blue Nile, Sudan

ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)As₄S₁₂S

Locality: Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Tenorite

Formula: CuO

Localities:

Jebel Ohier Porphyry Cu Deposit, Red Sea, Sudan
Amgififa deposit, River Nile, Sudan

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S

Localities:

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan
Hassaï Mine, Ariab, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca

Formula: NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O

Locality: Unnamed zeolite occurrence, Al Qadarif, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Topaz

Formula: Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂

Locality: Jabal Gash Amir, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Torbernite

Formula: Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O

Locality: Hofrat-en-Nahas copper mine, South Darfur, Sudan

References:

ⓘ 'Tourmaline'

Formula: AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z

Localities:

Jabal Gash Amir, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan
Jebel Abu Nahl, River Nile, Sudan
Babaras, Blue Nile, Sudan
Hofrat-en-Nahas copper mine, South Darfur, Sudan

ⓘ Tremolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

Locality: Ingessana Hills, Blue Nile, Sudan

References:

Ahmed Khidir Yagoub () Mineral Processing in Blue Nile. Scribd

ⓘ Troilite

Formula: FeS

Localities:

Khor Temiki meteorite, Gash delta, Kassala, Sudan
Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

ⓘ Trona

Formula: Na₃H(CO₃)₂ · 2H₂O

Locality: El-Atrun, North Darfur, Sudan

References:

Nielsen, Joan M. (1999) East African magadi (trona): fluoride concentration and mineralogical composition. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 29 (2) 423-428 doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(99)00107-4

ⓘ Turquoise

Formula: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O

Locality: Uro, South Kordofan, Sudan

References:

Adam, A. A., Eltayeb, M. A. H., & Ibrahim, O. B. (2014). Uranium recovery from Uro area phosphate ore, Nuba Mountains, Sudan. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 7(5), 758-769.

ⓘ 'Unnamed (Al-Cu Alloy)'

Formula: Cu₃Al₂ (?)

Locality: KT01 micrometeorite, Northern State, Sudan

References:

Ma, Chi; Hu, Jinping; Suttle, Martin D.; Guan, Yunbin; Sharp, Thomas G.; Asimow, Paul D.; Steinhardt, Paul J.; Bindi, Luca (2023) Al‐Cu‐Fe alloys in the solar system: Going inside a Khatyrka‐like micrometeorite (KT01) from the Nubian Desert, Sudan. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 58 (11). 1642-1653 doi:10.1111/maps.14089

ⓘ Uvarovite

Formula: Ca₃Cr³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃

Locality: Ingessana Hills, Blue Nile, Sudan

References:

Ministry of Energy and Mining The Geological Research Authority of The Sudan (GRAS) Chromium and Nickel in the Sudan Brochure AR3-4

ⓘ Variscite

Formula: AlPO₄ · 2H₂O

Locality: Uro, South Kordofan, Sudan

References:

Adam, A. A., Eltayeb, M. A. H., & Ibrahim, O. B. (2014). Uranium recovery from Uro area phosphate ore, Nuba Mountains, Sudan. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 7(5), 758-769.

ⓘ Vesuvianite

Formula: Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉

Locality: Dirbat Well skarn deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.

ⓘ Wavellite

Formula: Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₃ · 5H₂O

Locality: Uro, South Kordofan, Sudan

References:

Adam, A. A., Eltayeb, M. A. H., & Ibrahim, O. B. (2014). Uranium recovery from Uro area phosphate ore, Nuba Mountains, Sudan. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 7(5), 758-769.

ⓘ 'Wolframite Group'

Localities:

Jabal Gash Amir, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan
Sabaloka area, River Nile, Sudan
Jebel Ayub, Red Sea, Sudan
Jebel Eyob W deposit, Red Sea Hills, Red Sea, Sudan

ⓘ Wollastonite

Formula: Ca₃(Si₃O₉)

Locality: Dirbat Well skarn deposit, Red Sea, Sudan

References:

M. L. Kabesh, M. S. Afia (1959) The Wollastonite Deposit of Dirbat Well. Issue 5 of Bulletin (Sudan. Misāḥah al-Jiyūlujīyah)

ⓘ Woodhouseite

Formula: CaAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆

Locality: Uro, South Kordofan, Sudan

References:

Adam, A. A., Eltayeb, M. A. H., & Ibrahim, O. B. (2014). Uranium recovery from Uro area phosphate ore, Nuba Mountains, Sudan. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 7(5), 758-769.

ⓘ Wüstite

Formula: FeO

Locality: Almahata Sitta meteorite, River Nile, Sudan

References:

Mariam Horstmann, M. Humayun, D. Harries, F. Langenhorst, N. L. Chabot & Addi Bischoff (2012). 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, held March 19-23, 2012 at The Woodlands, Texas. LPI Contribution No. 1659, id.1876.

ⓘ 'Zeolite Group'

Locality: Al Qadarif, Sudan

References:

ⓘ Zoisite

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Locality: Ingessana Hills, Blue Nile, Sudan

References:

Ahmed Khidir Yagoub () Mineral Processing in Blue Nile. Scribd

Gallery:

Cu₂Sⓘ Chalcocite

Chalcocite, etc.

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

Chalcocite, etc.

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

Chalcocite, etc.

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

PbSⓘ Galena

Galena, etc.

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

Galena, etc.

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

Galena, etc.

Duweishat gold mine, Northern State, Sudan

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Copper	1.AA.05	Cu
ⓘ	Native Gold var. Electrum	1.AA.05	(Au,Ag)
ⓘ		1.AA.05	Au
ⓘ	Native Silver	1.AA.05	Ag
ⓘ	var. Küstelite	1.AA.05	Ag
ⓘ	Khatyrkite	1.AA.15	(Cu,Zn)Al₂
ⓘ	Stolperite	1.AA.30	AlCu
ⓘ	Native Iron	1.AE.05	Fe
ⓘ	var. Kamacite	1.AE.05	(Fe,Ni)
ⓘ	Taenite	1.AE.10	(Ni,Fe)
ⓘ	Cohenite	1.BA.05	Fe₃C
ⓘ	Suessite	1.BB.05	Fe₃Si
ⓘ	Perryite	1.BB.10	(Ni,Fe)₅(Si,P)₂
ⓘ	Osbornite	1.BC.15	TiN
ⓘ	Schreibersite	1.BD.05	(Fe,Ni)₃P
ⓘ	Graphite	1.CB.05a	C
ⓘ	Diamond	1.CB.10a	C
ⓘ	Native Sulphur	1.CC.05	S₈
ⓘ	Sinoite	1.DB.10	Si₂N₂O
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Chalcocite	2.BA.05	Cu₂S
ⓘ	Bornite	2.BA.15	Cu₅FeS₄
ⓘ	Covellite	2.CA.05a	CuS
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Buseckite	2.CB.45	(Fe,Zn,Mn)S
ⓘ	Cubanite	2.CB.55a	CuFe₂S₃
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Troilite	2.CC.10	FeS
ⓘ	Alabandite	2.CD.10	MnS
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Niningerite	2.CD.10	MgS
ⓘ	Oldhamite	2.CD.10	CaS
ⓘ	Keilite	2.CD.10	(Fe²⁺,Mg)S
ⓘ	Daubréelite	2.DA.05	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂S₄
ⓘ	Bismuthinite	2.DB.05	Bi₂S₃
ⓘ	Molybdenite	2.EA.30	MoS₂
ⓘ	Aurostibite	2.EB.05a	AuSb₂
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Marcasite	2.EB.10a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Arsenopyrite	2.EB.20	FeAsS
ⓘ	Realgar	2.FA.15a	As₄S₄
ⓘ	Djerfisherite	2.FC.05	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
ⓘ	'Tennantite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)As₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	Famatinite	2.KA.10	Cu₃SbS₄
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Halite	3.AA.20	NaCl
ⓘ	Fluorite	3.AB.25	CaF₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Tenorite	4.AB.10	CuO
ⓘ	Wüstite	4.AB.25	FeO
ⓘ	Chromite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Jacobsite	4.BB.05	Mn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Spinel	4.BB.05	MgAl₂O₄
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Hematite var. Specularite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Quartz var. Agate	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Chalcedony	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ		4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Cassiterite	4.DB.05	SnO₂
ⓘ	Pyrolusite	4.DB.05	Mn⁴⁺O₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Hübnerite	4.DB.30	MnWO₄
ⓘ	'Wolframite Group'	4.DB.30 va
ⓘ	Anatase	4.DD.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Diaspore	4.FD.10	AlO(OH)
ⓘ	Goethite	4.FD.10	Fe³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	Manganite	4.FD.15	Mn³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	Gibbsite	4.FE.10	Al(OH)₃
ⓘ	Böhmite	4.FE.15	AlO(OH)
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Nahcolite	5.AA.15	NaHCO₃
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Magnesite	5.AB.05	MgCO₃
ⓘ	Rhodochrosite	5.AB.05	MnCO₃
ⓘ	Siderite	5.AB.05	FeCO₃
ⓘ	Ankerite	5.AB.10	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Dolomite	5.AB.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Aragonite	5.AB.15	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Cerussite	5.AB.15	PbCO₃
ⓘ	Strontianite	5.AB.15	SrCO₃
ⓘ	Eitelite	5.AC.05	Na₂Mg(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Azurite	5.BA.05	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Malachite	5.BA.10	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Trona	5.CB.15	Na₃H(CO₃)₂ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Gaylussite	5.CB.35	Na₂Ca(CO₃)₂ · 5H₂O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Anhydrite	7.AD.30	CaSO₄
ⓘ	Anglesite	7.AD.35	PbSO₄
ⓘ	Baryte	7.AD.35	BaSO₄
ⓘ	Alunite	7.BC.10	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
ⓘ	Jarosite	7.BC.10	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
ⓘ	Gypsum	7.CD.40	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Scheelite	7.GA.05	Ca(WO₄)
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Merrillite	8.AC.45	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
ⓘ	Pseudomalachite	8.BD.05	Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄
ⓘ	Woodhouseite	8.BL.05	CaAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
ⓘ	Crandallite	8.BL.10	CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
ⓘ	Scorodite	8.CD.10	Fe³⁺AsO₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Variscite	8.CD.10	AlPO₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Wavellite	8.DC.50	Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₃ · 5H₂O
ⓘ	Turquoise	8.DD.15	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	Torbernite	8.EB.05	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Forsterite	9.AC.05	Mg₂(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Grossular	9.AD.25	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Schorlomite	9.AD.25	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
ⓘ	Uvarovite	9.AD.25	Ca₃Cr³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Kyanite	9.AF.15	Al₂(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Staurolite	9.AF.30	Fe²⁺₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
ⓘ	Topaz	9.AF.35	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Zoisite	9.BG.10	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Vesuvianite	9.BG.35	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
ⓘ	Beryl	9.CJ.05	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
ⓘ	Roedderite	9.CM.05	K(◻Na)Mg₂Mg₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
ⓘ	Enstatite	9.DA.05	Mg₂Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Clinoenstatite	9.DA.10	MgSiO₃
ⓘ	Pigeonite	9.DA.10	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Actinolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Tremolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Glaucophane	9.DE.25	◻Na₂(Mg₃Al₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Wollastonite	9.DG.05	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
ⓘ	Magadiite	9.EA.20	Na₂Si₁₄O₂₉ · 11H₂O
ⓘ	Talc	9.EC.05	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Pyrophyllite	9.EC.10	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite var. Fuchsite	9.EC.15	K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ		9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	var. Phengite	9.EC.15	KAl_1.5(Mg,Fe)_0.5(Al_0.5Si_3.5O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	var. Sericite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Nontronite	9.EC.40	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Clinochlore	9.EC.55	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
ⓘ	var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	9.EC.55	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
ⓘ	Kaolinite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Antigorite	9.ED.15	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Chrysocolla	9.ED.20	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
ⓘ	Neotocite	9.ED.20	(Mn,Fe)SiO₃ · H₂O (?)
ⓘ	Microcline	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	var. High Albite	9.FA.35	NaAlSi₃O₈
ⓘ	'Zeolite Group'	9.G0.
ⓘ	Mesolite	9.GA.05	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Natrolite	9.GA.05	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Thomsonite-Ca	9.GA.10	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
ⓘ	Analcime	9.GB.05	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
ⓘ	Chabazite-Ca	9.GD.10	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
ⓘ	Stilbite-Ca	9.GE.10	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Amphibole Supergroup'	-	AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Clay minerals'	-
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group'	-
ⓘ	'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende'	-	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-
ⓘ	'Monazite Group'	-	REE(PO₄)
ⓘ	'Psilomelane'	-
ⓘ	'Tourmaline'	-	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Hornblende Root Name Group'	-	◻Ca₂(C²⁺₄C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
ⓘ	'Plagioclase'	-	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Pyroxene Group'	-	ADSi₂O₆
ⓘ	'Garnet Group'	-	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	'Silica'	-
ⓘ	'Smectite Group'	-	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	'Serpentine Subgroup'	-	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
ⓘ	'Copper Stain'	-
ⓘ	'Glass'	-
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
ⓘ	'Olivine Group'	-	M₂SiO₄
ⓘ	'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'	-	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
ⓘ	'Low-calcium pyroxene'	-
ⓘ	'High-calcium pyroxene'	-
ⓘ	'Unnamed (Al-Cu Alloy)'	-	Cu₃Al₂ (?)
ⓘ	'Phyllosilicate'	-

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Böhmite	AlO(OH)
H	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
H	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
H	ⓘ Crandallite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Diaspore	AlO(OH)
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite	K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Gaylussite	Na₂Ca(CO₃)₂ · 5H₂O
H	ⓘ Gibbsite	Al(OH)₃
H	ⓘ Glaucophane	◻Na₂(Mg₃Al₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
H	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
H	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Manganite	Mn³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Magadiite	Na₂Si₁₄O₂₉ · 11H₂O
H	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Nahcolite	NaHCO₃
H	ⓘ Neotocite	(Mn,Fe)SiO₃ · H₂O (?)
H	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite	KAl_1.5(Mg,Fe)_0.5(Al_0.5Si_3.5O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Pseudomalachite	Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Scorodite	Fe³⁺AsO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
H	ⓘ Torbernite	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Trona	Na₃H(CO₃)₂ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Variscite	AlPO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
H	ⓘ Wavellite	Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₃ · 5H₂O
H	ⓘ Woodhouseite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Zoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Stilbite-Ca	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
Be	Beryllium
Be	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
B	Boron
B	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
C	ⓘ Cohenite	Fe₃C
C	ⓘ Diamond	C
C	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Eitelite	Na₂Mg(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Gaylussite	Na₂Ca(CO₃)₂ · 5H₂O
C	ⓘ Graphite	C
C	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
C	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Nahcolite	NaHCO₃
C	ⓘ Rhodochrosite	MnCO₃
C	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
C	ⓘ Strontianite	SrCO₃
C	ⓘ Trona	Na₃H(CO₃)₂ · 2H₂O
N	Nitrogen
N	ⓘ Osbornite	TiN
N	ⓘ Sinoite	Si₂N₂O
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Agate	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂
O	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Anatase	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Anglesite	PbSO₄
O	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
O	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Böhmite	AlO(OH)
O	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Cassiterite	SnO₂
O	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
O	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
O	ⓘ Clinoenstatite	MgSiO₃
O	ⓘ Crandallite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Diaspore	AlO(OH)
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Eitelite	Na₂Mg(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite	K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Gaylussite	Na₂Ca(CO₃)₂ · 5H₂O
O	ⓘ Gibbsite	Al(OH)₃
O	ⓘ Glaucophane	◻Na₂(Mg₃Al₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
O	ⓘ Hübnerite	MnWO₄
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Jacobsite	Mn²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
O	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Kyanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
O	ⓘ Manganite	Mn³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Magadiite	Na₂Si₁₄O₂₉ · 11H₂O
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Monazite Group	REE(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Nahcolite	NaHCO₃
O	ⓘ Neotocite	(Mn,Fe)SiO₃ · H₂O (?)
O	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite	KAl_1.5(Mg,Fe)_0.5(Al_0.5Si_3.5O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Pseudomalachite	Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
O	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Rhodochrosite	MnCO₃
O	ⓘ Roedderite	K(◻Na)Mg₂Mg₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)
O	ⓘ Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
O	ⓘ Scorodite	Fe³⁺AsO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
O	ⓘ Sinoite	Si₂N₂O
O	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
O	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Strontianite	SrCO₃
O	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Tenorite	CuO
O	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
O	ⓘ Torbernite	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
O	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Trona	Na₃H(CO₃)₂ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Variscite	AlPO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
O	ⓘ Wavellite	Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₃ · 5H₂O
O	ⓘ Woodhouseite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Wüstite	FeO
O	ⓘ Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
O	ⓘ Zoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Merrillite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
O	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Stilbite-Ca	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
O	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
O	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(C₄²⁺C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
O	ⓘ Albite var. High Albite	NaAlSi₃O₈
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
O	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
O	ⓘ Olivine Group	M₂SiO₄
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
F	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
F	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Na	ⓘ Eitelite	Na₂Mg(CO₃)₂
Na	ⓘ Gaylussite	Na₂Ca(CO₃)₂ · 5H₂O
Na	ⓘ Glaucophane	◻Na₂(Mg₃Al₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Halite	NaCl
Na	ⓘ Magadiite	Na₂Si₁₄O₂₉ · 11H₂O
Na	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
Na	ⓘ Nahcolite	NaHCO₃
Na	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Na	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Na	ⓘ Roedderite	K(◻Na)Mg₂Mg₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Na	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
Na	ⓘ Trona	Na₃H(CO₃)₂ · 2H₂O
Na	ⓘ Merrillite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
Na	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Na	ⓘ Stilbite-Ca	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Na	ⓘ Albite var. High Albite	NaAlSi₃O₈
Na	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Mg	ⓘ Clinoenstatite	MgSiO₃
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Eitelite	Na₂Mg(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂(SiO₄)
Mg	ⓘ Glaucophane	◻Na₂(Mg₃Al₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
Mg	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
Mg	ⓘ Niningerite	MgS
Mg	ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite	KAl_1.5(Mg,Fe)_0.5(Al_0.5Si_3.5O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Roedderite	K(◻Na)Mg₂Mg₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Mg	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Mg	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Mg	ⓘ Merrillite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
Mg	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Mg	ⓘ Keilite	(Fe²⁺,Mg)S
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Al	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Böhmite	AlO(OH)
Al	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Al	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Al	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Al	ⓘ Crandallite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
Al	ⓘ Diaspore	AlO(OH)
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite	K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Gibbsite	Al(OH)₃
Al	ⓘ Glaucophane	◻Na₂(Mg₃Al₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Al	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
Al	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Khatyrkite	(Cu,Zn)Al₂
Al	ⓘ Kyanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Al	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
Al	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite	KAl_1.5(Mg,Fe)_0.5(Al_0.5Si_3.5O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Al	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
Al	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
Al	ⓘ Variscite	AlPO₄ · 2H₂O
Al	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Al	ⓘ Wavellite	Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₃ · 5H₂O
Al	ⓘ Woodhouseite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
Al	ⓘ Zoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Al	ⓘ Stilbite-Ca	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Al	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(C₄²⁺C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
Al	ⓘ Albite var. High Albite	NaAlSi₃O₈
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Al	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
Al	ⓘ Stolperite	AlCu
Al	ⓘ Unnamed (Al-Cu Alloy)	Cu₃Al₂ (?)
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Agate	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Si	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Si	ⓘ Clinoenstatite	MgSiO₃
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite	K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Glaucophane	◻Na₂(Mg₃Al₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Si	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
Si	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Kyanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Magadiite	Na₂Si₁₄O₂₉ · 11H₂O
Si	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
Si	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Neotocite	(Mn,Fe)SiO₃ · H₂O (?)
Si	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Si	ⓘ Perryite	(Ni,Fe)₅(Si,P)₂
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite	KAl_1.5(Mg,Fe)_0.5(Al_0.5Si_3.5O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Roedderite	K(◻Na)Mg₂Mg₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Si	ⓘ Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
Si	ⓘ Sinoite	Si₂N₂O
Si	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Suessite	Fe₃Si
Si	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
Si	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Si	ⓘ Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
Si	ⓘ Zoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Stilbite-Ca	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Si	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Si	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(C₄²⁺C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
Si	ⓘ Albite var. High Albite	NaAlSi₃O₈
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Olivine Group	M₂SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Crandallite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
P	ⓘ Monazite Group	REE(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Perryite	(Ni,Fe)₅(Si,P)₂
P	ⓘ Pseudomalachite	Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄
P	ⓘ Schreibersite	(Fe,Ni)₃P
P	ⓘ Torbernite	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O
P	ⓘ Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
P	ⓘ Variscite	AlPO₄ · 2H₂O
P	ⓘ Wavellite	Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₃ · 5H₂O
P	ⓘ Woodhouseite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
P	ⓘ Merrillite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Alabandite	MnS
S	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Anglesite	PbSO₄
S	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
S	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
S	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
S	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
S	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
S	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
S	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
S	ⓘ Daubréelite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺S₄
S	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
S	ⓘ Famatinite	Cu₃SbS₄
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
S	ⓘ Niningerite	MgS
S	ⓘ Oldhamite	CaS
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Realgar	As₄S₄
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Native Sulphur	S₈
S	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
S	ⓘ Troilite	FeS
S	ⓘ Woodhouseite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Keilite	(Fe²⁺,Mg)S
S	ⓘ Buseckite	(Fe,Zn,Mn)S
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
Cl	ⓘ Halite	NaCl
Cl	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Alunite	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite	K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
K	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite	KAl_1.5(Mg,Fe)_0.5(Al_0.5Si_3.5O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Roedderite	K(◻Na)Mg₂Mg₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
K	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Anhydrite	CaSO₄
Ca	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Crandallite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
Ca	ⓘ Gaylussite	Na₂Ca(CO₃)₂ · 5H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Ca	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Ca	ⓘ Mesolite	Na₂Ca₂Si₉Al₆O₃₀ · 8H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Oldhamite	CaS
Ca	ⓘ Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)
Ca	ⓘ Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
Ca	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Ca	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Ca	ⓘ Woodhouseite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
Ca	ⓘ Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
Ca	ⓘ Zoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Merrillite	Ca₉NaMg(PO₄)₇
Ca	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Stilbite-Ca	NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂ · 28H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(C₄²⁺C³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)W₂
Ca	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
Ca	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup	A_nCa₂(C²⁺_5-mC_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))W₂
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Anatase	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Osbornite	TiN
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
Cr	Chromium
Cr	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Cr	ⓘ Daubréelite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺S₄
Cr	ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite	K(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂
Cr	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Chromium-bearing Clinochlore	Mg₅(Al,Cr)₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈
Cr	ⓘ Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Alabandite	MnS
Mn	ⓘ Hübnerite	MnWO₄
Mn	ⓘ Jacobsite	Mn²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Mn	ⓘ Manganite	Mn³⁺O(OH)
Mn	ⓘ Neotocite	(Mn,Fe)SiO₃ · H₂O (?)
Mn	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
Mn	ⓘ Rhodochrosite	MnCO₃
Mn	ⓘ Buseckite	(Fe,Zn,Mn)S
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Fe	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
Fe	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Cohenite	Fe₃C
Fe	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
Fe	ⓘ Daubréelite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺S₄
Fe	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Native Iron	Fe
Fe	ⓘ Jacobsite	Mn²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Jarosite	KFe₃³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Fe	ⓘ Native Iron var. Kamacite	(Fe,Ni)
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Neotocite	(Mn,Fe)SiO₃ · H₂O (?)
Fe	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Fe	ⓘ Perryite	(Ni,Fe)₅(Si,P)₂
Fe	ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite	KAl_1.5(Mg,Fe)_0.5(Al_0.5Si_3.5O₁₀)(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
Fe	ⓘ Schreibersite	(Fe,Ni)₃P
Fe	ⓘ Scorodite	Fe³⁺AsO₄ · 2H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
Fe	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Suessite	Fe₃Si
Fe	ⓘ Taenite	(Ni,Fe)
Fe	ⓘ Troilite	FeS
Fe	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Fe	ⓘ Wüstite	FeO
Fe	ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Fe	ⓘ Keilite	(Fe²⁺,Mg)S
Fe	ⓘ Buseckite	(Fe,Zn,Mn)S
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
Ni	ⓘ Native Iron var. Kamacite	(Fe,Ni)
Ni	ⓘ Perryite	(Ni,Fe)₅(Si,P)₂
Ni	ⓘ Schreibersite	(Fe,Ni)₃P
Ni	ⓘ Taenite	(Ni,Fe)
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
Cu	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Cu	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
Cu	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
Cu	ⓘ Native Copper	Cu
Cu	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
Cu	ⓘ Famatinite	Cu₃SbS₄
Cu	ⓘ Khatyrkite	(Cu,Zn)Al₂
Cu	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Pseudomalachite	Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄
Cu	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
Cu	ⓘ Tenorite	CuO
Cu	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Cu	ⓘ Torbernite	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O
Cu	ⓘ Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
Cu	ⓘ Stolperite	AlCu
Cu	ⓘ Unnamed (Al-Cu Alloy)	Cu₃Al₂ (?)
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Khatyrkite	(Cu,Zn)Al₂
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Zn	ⓘ Buseckite	(Fe,Zn,Mn)S
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
As	ⓘ Realgar	As₄S₄
As	ⓘ Scorodite	Fe³⁺AsO₄ · 2H₂O
As	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
Sr	Strontium
Sr	ⓘ Strontianite	SrCO₃
Mo	Molybdenum
Mo	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Ag	ⓘ Native Silver	Ag
Ag	ⓘ Native Silver var. Küstelite	Ag
Sn	Tin
Sn	ⓘ Cassiterite	SnO₂
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Aurostibite	AuSb₂
Sb	ⓘ Famatinite	Cu₃SbS₄
Sb	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Ba	Barium
Ba	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
W	Tungsten
W	ⓘ Hübnerite	MnWO₄
W	ⓘ Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)
Au	Gold
Au	ⓘ Aurostibite	AuSb₂
Au	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Au	ⓘ Native Gold	Au
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Anglesite	PbSO₄
Pb	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Bi	Bismuth
Bi	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
U	Uranium
U	ⓘ Torbernite	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O

Fossils

There are 1159 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences

1159

Youngest Fossil Listed

0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)

Oldest Fossil Listed

145 Ma (Late Jurassic)

Stratigraphic Units

Click here to view 8 stratigraphic units.

Fossils from Region

Click here to show the list.

Accepted Name	Hierarchy	Age
Porites genus	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Poritidae : *Porites*	15.97 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Turbo genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Turbo*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Cerithium genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cerithiidae : *Cerithium*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Cypraea genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Cypraeidae : *Cypraea*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Natica genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : *Natica*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Ranella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Ranellidae : *Ranella*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Strombus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Strombidae : *Strombus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Tibia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Rostellariidae : *Tibia*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Conus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Conidae : *Conus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Drupa genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Drupa*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Mitra genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Mitridae : *Mitra*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Murex genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Murex*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Nassa genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Nassa*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Terebra genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Terebridae : *Terebra*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Turris genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Turridae : *Turris*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Bivalvia class	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Arca genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : *Arca*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Lima genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Limida : Limidae : *Lima*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Spondylus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Spondylidae : *Spondylus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Chama genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Chamidae : *Chama*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Tridacna genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : *Tridacna*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Asteracanthus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Acrodontidae : *Asteracanthus*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hybodus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Hybodontiformes : Hybodontidae : *Hybodus*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Rajiformes order	Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Rajiformes	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Osteichthyes unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Amphibia class	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Reptilia class	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Hyposaurus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Dyrosauridae : *Hyposaurus*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Aves class	Animalia : Chordata : Aves	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Mammalia class	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Gymnophiona order	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Gymnophiona	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pleurodira suborder	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pleurodira	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Testudinidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Lacertilia suborder	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Lacertilia	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Varanus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Varanidae : *Varanus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Serpentes unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Serpentes	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Aniliidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Aniliidae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Colubroidea superfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubroidea	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Machimosaurus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : *Machimosaurus*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dyrosauridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Dyrosauridae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Theropoda unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Theropoda	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ornithomimidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Avetheropoda : Ornithomimidae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dromaeosauridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Dromaeosauridae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sauropoda unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Sauropoda	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Titanosauridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Titanosauridae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ornithopoda unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : Ornithopoda	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hypsilophodontidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Hypsilophodontidae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Iguanodon genus	Animalia : Chordata : Ornithischia : *Iguanodon*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ouranosaurus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Iguanodontidae : *Ouranosaurus*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Accipitridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Strigidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Strigiformes : Strigidae	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Corvus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Corvidae : *Corvus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Pelecanus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pelecaniformes : Pelecanidae : *Pelecanus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Cercopithecidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Viverridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverridae	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Genetta genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverridae : *Genetta*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Felidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Canis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : *Canis*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Tatera genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Tatera*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Arvicanthis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Arvicanthis*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Thryonomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae : *Thryonomys*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Lepus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Leporidae : *Lepus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Suidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Bovidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Dinosauria order	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tetrapoda unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Tetrapoda	89.8 - 83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nubianophis afaahus species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Nigerophiidae : Nubianophis : *Nubianophis afaahus*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Caudata order	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Caudata	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Crocodylomorpha unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Eosuchia : Crocodylomorpha	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Retimonocolpites genus	Plantae : *Retimonocolpites*	125 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Coelurosauria suborder	Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Avetheropoda : Coelurosauria	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Osteoglossidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Osteoglossiformes : Osteoglossidae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nigerophiidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Nigerophiidae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Velociraptorinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Avetheropoda : Dromaeosauridae : Velociraptorinae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Testudines order	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ceratodus humei species	Animalia : Chordata : Sarcopterygii : Ceratodontiformes : Ceratodontidae : Ceratodus : *Ceratodus humei*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dipnoi subclass	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Dipnoi	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pelomedusoides superfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pelomedusoides	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Podocnemidae unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Podocnemidae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Anadara (Anadara) antiquata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Anadara : *Anadara (Anadara) antiquata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Conus miles species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Conidae : Conus : *Conus miles*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Lyncina carneola species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cypraeidae : Lyncina : *Lyncina carneola*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Naria erosa species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cypraeidae : Naria : *Naria erosa*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Cypraea (Lyncina) lynx species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cypraeidae : Lyncina : *Cypraea (Lyncina) lynx*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Monetaria moneta species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cypraeidae : Monetaria : *Monetaria moneta*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Divaricella ornata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Divaricella : *Divaricella chavani*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Gafrarium pectinatum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Gafrarium : *Gafrarium pectinatum*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Mimachlamys senatoria species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Chlamys : *Mimachlamys senatoria*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Nerita (Theliostyla) albicilla species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neritidae : Nerita : *Nerita (Theliostyla) albicilla*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Strombus (Gibberulus) gibberulus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Strombidae : Strombus : *Strombus (Gibberulus) gibberulus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Tellina (Scutarcopagia) scobinata species	*Tellina (Scutarcopagia) scobinata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Trochus maculatus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Trochidae : Trochus : *Trochus maculatus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Turbo (Turbo) petholatus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turbinidae : Turbo : *Turbo (Turbo) petholatus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Lepisosteidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Lepisosteiformes : Lepisosteidae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cyprinidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Cypriniformes : Cyprinidae	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Madtsoiidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Madtsoiidae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Palaeophiidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Palaeophiidae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Carcharodontosauridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Avetheropoda : Carcharodontosauridae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Somphospondyli unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Somphospondyli	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Melongena (Pyrula) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Melongenidae : Melongena : *Melongena (Pyrula)*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Hippopotamus amphibius species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hippopotamus : *Hippopotamus amphibius*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Arca (Arca) imbricata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Arca : *Arca (Arca) imbricata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Cythara (Mangelia) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Mangeliidae : *Cythara (Mangelia)*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Protopterus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Ceratodontiformes : Lepidosirenidae : *Protopterus*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Protopterus protopteroides species	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Ceratodontiformes : Lepidosirenidae : Protopterus : *Protopterus protopteroides*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ceratodus tuberculatus species	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Ceratodontidae : Ceratodus : *Ceratodus tuberculatus*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Erosaria eburnea species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cypraeidae : Erosaria : *Erosaria eburnea*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Barbatia (Ustularca) fusca species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Barbatia : *Barbatia (Ustularca) fusca*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Characiformes order	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Characiformes	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Saccostrea cuccullata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Saccostrea : *Saccostrea cuccullata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Hyotissa hyotis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Hyotissa : *Hyotissa hyotis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Ovis ammon species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Ovis : *Ovis ammon*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Anura order	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Anura	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Acar plicata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Acar : *Acar plicata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Alcelaphini tribe	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphini	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Vasticardium pectiniforme species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Acrosterigma : *Vasticardium pectiniforme*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Cardita variegata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Carditidae : Cardita : *Cardita variegata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Hyaena hyaena species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : Hyaena : *Hyaena hyaena*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Giraffa camelopardalis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Giraffa : *Giraffa camelopardalis*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Gazella dorcas species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Gazella : *Gazella dorcas*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Cephalophus grimmia species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Cephalophus : *Cephalophus grimmia*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Bos taurus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bos : *Bos taurus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Equus asinus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equus : *Equus asinus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Codakia tigerina species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Codakia : *Codakia tigerina*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Conus (Leptoconus) amadis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Conidae : Conus : *Conus (Leptoconus) amadis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Hystrix cristata species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae : Hystrix : *Hystrix cristata*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Terebra (Duplicaria) duplicata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Terebridae : Duplicaria : *Terebra (Duplicaria) duplicata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Hyotissa virleti species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Hyotissa : *Hyotissa virleti*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Turbo (Marmarostoma) radiatus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turbinidae : Turbo : *Turbo (Marmarostoma) radiatus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Periglypta puerpera species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Periglypta : *Periglypta puerpera*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Conus arenatus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Conidae : Conus : *Conus arenatus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Circe pectinata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Circe : *Circe pectinata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Nassarius (Nassarius) arcularia species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : Nassarius : *Nassarius (Nassarius) arcularia*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Asaphis deflorata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Psammobiidae : Asaphis : *Asaphis deflorata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Polinices peselephanti species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Polinices : *Polinices peselephanti*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Terestrombus terebellatus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Strombidae : Terestrombus : *Terestrombus terebellatus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Nassarius (Niotha) kieneri species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : Nassarius : *Nassarius (Niotha) kieneri*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Bursa granularis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Bursidae : Bursa : *Bursa granularis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Tarbellastraea reussiana species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Faviidae : Tarbellastraea : *Tarbellastraea reussiana*	15.97 - 11.608 Ma Miocene
Orycteropus afer species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Tubulidentata : Orycteropodidae : Orycteropus : *Orycteropus afer*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Strombus fasciatus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Strombidae : Strombus : *Strombus fasciatus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Polypteridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Polypteriformes : Polypteridae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Polypterus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Polypteriformes : Polypteridae : *Polypterus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Mormyridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Osteoglossiformes : Mormyridae	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Synodontis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Mochokidae : *Synodontis*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Phacochoerus aethiopicus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Phacochoerus : *Phacochoerus aethiopicus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Pila genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architaenioglossa : Ampullariidae : *Pila*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Varanus exanthematicus species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Varanidae : Varanus : *Varanus exanthematicus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Stylophora pistillata species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Pocilloporidae : Stylophora : *Stylophora pistillata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Glycymeris pectunculus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Glycymerididae : Glycymeris : *Glycymeris pectunculus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Barbatia (Barbatia) lacerata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Barbatia : *Barbatia (Barbatia) lacerata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Kababisha genus	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Caudata : Sirenidae : *Kababisha*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Periglypta reticulata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Periglypta : *Periglypta reticulata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Stylophora affinis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Pocilloporidae : Stylophora : *Stylophora affinis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Galaxea fascicularis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Oculinidae : Galaxea : *Galaxea fascicularis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Dipsastraea speciosa species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Merulinidae : Dipsastraea : *Dipsastraea speciosa*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Dipsastraea pallida species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Merulinidae : Dipsastraea : *Dipsastraea pallida*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Dipsastraea rotumana species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Merulinidae : Dipsastraea : *Dipsastraea rotumana*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Hydnophora microconos species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Merulinidae : Hydnophora : *Hydnophora microconos*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Fungia repanda species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Fungiidae : Fungia : *Fungia repanda*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Eudorcas rufifrons species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Eudorcas : *Eudorcas rufifrons*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Ourebia ourebi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Ourebia : *Ourebia ourebi*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Hippotragus equinus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Hippotragus : *Hippotragus equinus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Alcelaphus buselaphus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphus : *Alcelaphus buselaphus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Capra aegagrus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Capra : *Capra aegagrus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Kobus ellipsiprymnus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : *Kobus ellipsiprymnus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Syncerus caffer species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Syncerus : *Syncerus caffer*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Turbinaria reniformis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Dendrophylliidae : Turbinaria : *Turbinaria reniformis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Acropora pharaonis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Acroporidae : Acropora : *Acropora pharaonis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Porites cylindrica species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Poritidae : Porites : *Porites cylindrica*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Favites neglecta species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Merulinidae : Favites : *Favites neglecta*	15.97 - 11.608 Ma Miocene
Tridacna (Tridacna) gigas species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Tridacna : *Tridacna (Tridacna) gigas*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Plicatula plicata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Plicatulidae : Plicatula : *Plicatula plicata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Loxodonta africana species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Loxodonta : *Loxodonta africana*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Streptopelia genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Columbiformes : Columbidae : *Streptopelia*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Algae informal	Algae	129.4 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Chlamys sanguinolenta species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Chlamys : *Chlamys sanguinolenta*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Trochus dentatus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochidae : Trochus : *Trochus dentatus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Natica marochiensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Natica : *Natica marochiensis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Cerithium erythraeonense species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Cerithiidae : Cerithium : *Cerithium erythraeonense*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Cerithium caeruleum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cerithiidae : Cerithium : *Cerithium caeruleum*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Spondylus regius species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Spondylidae : Spondylus : *Spondylus regius*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Spondylus ciliatus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Spondylidae : Spondylus : *Spondylus ciliatus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Mitra stefaninii species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Mitridae : Mitra : *Mitra stefaninii*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Echinopora gemmacea species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Merulinidae : Echinopora : *Echinopora gemmacea*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Coelastrea aspera species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Merulinidae : Coelastrea : *Coelastrea aspera*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Cycloseris sinensis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Fungiidae : Cycloseris : *Cycloseris sinensis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Cycloseris vaughani species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Fungiidae : Cycloseris : *Cycloseris vaughani*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Favites acuticollis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Merulinidae : Favites : *Favites acuticollis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Favites chinensis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Merulinidae : Favites : *Favites chinensis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Porites columnaris species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Poritidae : Porites : *Porites columnaris*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Porites compressa species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Poritidae : Porites : *Porites compressa*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Russellophiidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Russellophiidae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Fulvia australis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : Fulvia : *Fulvia australis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Rhinoclavis (Rhinoclavis) aspera species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Cerithiidae : Rhinoclavis : *Rhinoclavis (Rhinoclavis) aspera*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Rhinoclavis (Rhinoclavis) fasciata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Cerithiidae : Rhinoclavis : *Rhinoclavis (Rhinoclavis) fasciata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Clypeomorus inflata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Cerithiidae : Clypeomorus : *Clypeomorus inflata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Latirus polygonoides species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Fasciolariidae : Latirus : *Latirus polygonoides*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Mancinella aculeata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Thais : *Mancinella aculeata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Kababisha humarensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Caudata : Sirenidae : Kababisha : *Kababisha humarensis*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Kababisha sudanensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Caudata : Sirenidae : Kababisha : *Kababisha sudanensis*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Solenastrea fairbanksi species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Faviidae : Solenastrea : *Solenastrea fairbanksi*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Struthio camelus species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Struthioniformes : Struthionidae : Struthio : *Struthio camelus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Felis silvestris species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Felis : *Felis silvestris*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Papio cynocephalus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Papio : *Papio cynocephalus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Nanger soemmerringii species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Nanger : *Nanger soemmerringii*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Herpestes sanguineus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : Herpestes : *Herpestes sanguineus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Mellivora capensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mellivora : *Mellivora capensis*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Cercopithecus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : *Cercopithecus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Tragelaphus scriptus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus : *Tragelaphus scriptus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Tragelaphus strepsiceros species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus : *Tragelaphus strepsiceros*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Inaperturopollenites genus	Cupressales : *Inaperturopollenites*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Monoplex aquatilis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Ranellidae : Monoplex : *Monoplex aquatilis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Gemmamonocolpites genus	Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : *Gemmamonocolpites*	113 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Striatopollis genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : *Striatopollis*	113 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Ephedripites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Gnetopsida : Ephedrales : Ephedraceae : *Ephedripites*	145 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Cicatricosisporites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Schizaeales : Schizaeaceae : *Cicatricosisporites*	145 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Cyathidites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : *Cyathidites*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Undulatisporites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Schizaeales : Schizaeaceae : *Undulatisporites*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Gleicheniidites senonicus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Gleicheniales : Gleicheniaceae : Gleicheniidites : *Gleicheniidites senonicus*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Todisporites minor species	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : Todisporites : *Todisporites minor*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Biretisporites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Schizaeales : Schizaeaceae : *Biretisporites*	129.4 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Leptolepidites genus	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Lycopsida : *Leptolepidites*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Gnetaceaepollenites genus	*Gnetaceaepollenites*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Afropollis jardinus species	Plantae : Afropollis : *Afropollis jardinus*	129.4 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Gnetaceaepollenites diversus species	Gnetaceaepollenites : *Gnetaceaepollenites diversus*	125 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Sphaeripollenites genus	Cupressales : *Sphaeripollenites*	145 - 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Densoisporites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Lycopodiopsida : Selaginellales : Selaginellaceae : *Densoisporites*	145 - 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Matonisporites genus	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : *Matonisporites*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Araucariacites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Araucariaceae : *Araucariacites*	145 - 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Araucariacites australis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Araucariaceae : Araucariacites : *Araucariacites australis*	145 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Appendicisporites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Schizaeales : *Appendicisporites*	129.4 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Rouseisporites genus	Plantae : Bryophyta : *Rouseisporites*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Pilosisporites genus	Plantae : Pteridophyta : *Pilosisporites*	129.4 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Pilosisporites trichopapillosus species	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pilosisporites : *Pilosisporites trichopapillosus*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Balmeiopsis limbatus species	Balmeiopsis : *Balmeiopsis limbatus*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Classopollis genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Cheirolepidiaceae : *Classopollis*	145 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Afropollis zonatus species	Plantae : Afropollis : *Afropollis zonatus*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Afropollis operculatus species	Plantae : Afropollis : *Afropollis operculatus*	129.4 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Retitriletes genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Lycopodiopsida : Lycopodiales : Lycopodiaceae : *Retitriletes*	129.4 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Microfoveolatosporites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Schizaeales : Schizaeaceae : *Microfoveolatosporites*	145 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Staplinisporites genus	Plantae : Bryophyta : *Staplinisporites*	125 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Crybelosporites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Salviniales : Marsileaceae : *Crybelosporites*	129.4 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Cycadopites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : *Cycadopites*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Cingulatisporites genus	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : *Cingulatisporites*	145 - 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Biretisporites potoniei species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Schizaeales : Schizaeaceae : Biretisporites : *Biretisporites potoniei*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Concavissimisporites punctatus species	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : Concavissimisporites : *Concavissimisporites punctatus*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Contignisporites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Polypodiales : Pteridaceae : *Contignisporites*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Cicatricosisporites australiensis species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Schizaeales : Schizaeaceae : Cicatricosisporites : *Cicatricosisporites australiensis*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Ephedripites multicostatus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Gnetopsida : Ephedrales : Ephedraceae : Ephedripites : *Ephedripites multicostatus*	145 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Concavisporites genus	Plantae : Pteridophyta : *Concavisporites*	129.4 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Concavissimisporites variverrucatus species	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : Concavissimisporites : *Concavissimisporites variverrucatus*	129.4 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Coptospora genus	Plantae : Bryophyta : *Coptospora*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Camarozonosporites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Lycopodiopsida : Lycopodiales : *Camarozonosporites*	125 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Leptolepidites psarosus species	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Lycopsida : Leptolepidites : *Leptolepidites psarosus*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Gemmatriletes genus	*Gemmatriletes*	129.4 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Monocolpopollenites genus	Plantae : Magnoliophyta : *Monocolpopollenites*	145 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Stellatopollis genus	Plantae : Angiospermae : *Stellatopollis*	129.4 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Microfoveolatosporis genus	Plantae : Pteridophyta : *Microfoveolatosporis*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Dichastopollenites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Nymphaeales : Nymphaeaceae : *Dichastopollenites*	129.4 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Echinatisporis genus	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : *Echinatisporis*	125 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Retimonocolpites variplicatus species	Plantae : Retimonocolpites : *Retimonocolpites variplicatus*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Crybelosporites pannuceus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Salviniales : Marsileaceae : Crybelosporites : *Crybelosporites pannuceus*	145 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Echinatisporis varispinosus species	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Pteridopsida : Echinatisporis : *Echinatisporis varispinosus*	129.4 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Trilobosporites laevigatus species	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Trilobosporites : *Trilobosporites laevigatus*	129.4 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Verrucosisporites obscurilaesuratus species	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Verrucosisporites : *Verrucosisporites obscurilaesuratus*	129.4 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Stellatopollis densiornatus species	Plantae : Angiospermae : Stellatopollis : *Stellatopollis densiornatus*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Droseridites senonicus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Caryophyllales : Droseraceae : Droseridites : *Droseridites senonicus*	129.4 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Verrucosisporites rotundus species	Plantae : Pteridophyta : Verrucosisporites : *Verrucosisporites rotundus*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Cycadopites carpentieri species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopites : *Cycadopites carpentieri*	129.4 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Ephedripites jansonii species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Gnetopsida : Ephedrales : Ephedraceae : Ephedripites : *Ephedripites jansonii*	145 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Erymnochelyinae subfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Podocnemidae : Erymnochelyinae	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dicheiropollis etruscus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Cheirolepidiaceae : Dicheiropollis : *Dicheiropollis etruscus*	145 - 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Steevesipollenites sinuosus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Gnetopsida : Gnetales : Steevesipollenites : *Steevesipollenites sinuosus*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Gnetaceaepollenites fissuratus species	Gnetaceaepollenites : *Gnetaceaepollenites fissuratus*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Holmwoodinium notatum species	Chromista : Myzozoa : Dinophyceae : Peridiniales : Peridiniaceae : Holmwoodinium : *Holmwoodinium notatum*	145 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Periretisyncolpites giganteus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Periretisyncolpites : *Periretisyncolpites giganteus*	113 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Cicatricosisporites salardii species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Schizaeales : Schizaeaceae : Cicatricosisporites : *Cicatricosisporites salardii*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Aequitriradites acusus species	Plantae : Marchantiophyta : Marchantiopsida : Sphaerocarpales : Aequitriradites : *Aequitriradites acusus*	145 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Appendicisporis genus	*Appendicisporis*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Cicatricosisporites mohrioides species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Schizaeales : Schizaeaceae : Cicatricosisporites : *Cicatricosisporites mohrioides*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Deltoidospora diaphana species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Deltoidospora : *Deltoidospora diaphana*	145 - 113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Araucariacites hungaricus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Araucariaceae : Araucariacites : *Araucariacites hungaricus*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Ephedripites strigatus species	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Gnetopsida : Ephedrales : Ephedraceae : Ephedripites : *Ephedripites strigatus*	145 - 100.5 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Sphaeripollenites scabratus species	Cupressales : Sphaeripollenites : *Sphaeripollenites scabratus*	145 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Syncolporites marginatus species	Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Santalales : Loranthaceae : Syncolporites : *Syncolporites marginatus*	113 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Echitriporites irregularis species	Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Proteales : Proteaceae : Echitriporites : *Echitriporites irregularis*	113 - 93.9 Ma Cretaceous
Favia leptophylla species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Faviidae : Favia : *Favia leptophylla*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Erosaria turdus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cypraeidae : Erosaria : *Erosaria turdus*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Coniophis dabiebus species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Aniliidae : Coniophis : *Coniophis dabiebus*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Krebsophis thobanus species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Russellophiidae : Krebsophis : *Krebsophis thobanus*	83.6 - 66 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Caulastrea connata species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Merulinidae : Caulastrea : *Caulastrea connata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Montastraea cylindrica species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Montastraeidae : Montastraea : *Montastraea cylindrica*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Montastraea faveolata species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Montastraeidae : Montastraea : *Montastraea faveolata*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Acropora salundensis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Acroporidae : Acropora : *Acropora salundensis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Stylophora granulate species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Pocilloporidae : Stylophora : *Stylophora granulate*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Stylophora portbellensis species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Pocilloporidae : Stylophora : *Stylophora portbellensis*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Platygyra acuta species	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Merulinidae : Platygyra : *Platygyra acuta*	2.588 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Bos primigenius species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bos : *Bos primigenius*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Numida meleagris species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Numididae : Numida : *Numida meleagris*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Pternistis clappertoni species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Phasianidae : Pternistis : *Pternistis clappertoni*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Geochelone sulcata species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : Geochelone : *Geochelone sulcata*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Damaliscus lunatus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Damaliscus : *Damaliscus lunatus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Aspatharia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Mutelidae : *Aspatharia*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Lates niloticus species	Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Perciformes : Latidae : Lates : *Lates niloticus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Spathopsis genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Iridinidae : *Spathopsis*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary

Fossil Localities

Click to show 11 fossil localities

Sudan

Cretaceous🐚 Well Azx-1
Kassala
- Quaternary🐚 Atbara River Valley KG15
Northern State
- Late/Upper Cretaceous🐚 Bir Abu Ben
- Late/Upper Cretaceous🐚 F 1/89
- Late/Upper Cretaceous🐚 Pyramids

Sudan

Northern State
- Late/Upper Cretaceous🐚 Wadi Abu Hashim
Red Sea
- Miocene🐚 Khor Eit
- Pleistocene🐚 Port Sudan
River Nile

Other Databases

Wikipedia:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan
Wikidata ID:	Q1049
GeoNames ID:	366755

Localities in this Region

Sudan

Localities for Transported Material

The following localities have been recorded where minerals that have been transported from this locality/region have been found. This may include meteorite finds and glacial erratics, amongst others.

Sudan

Northern State
- Northeast Africa 001

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

AfricaContinent

Sahara DesertDesert
- Nubian DesertDesert

African PlateTectonic Plate

Arabian-Nubian Shield
- Bayuda TerraneVolcanic Arc
Atbara Rift basinBasin
Central African OrogenOrogenic Belt
Muglad-Sudd Rift basinBasin

African Plate

Red SeaNarrow Rift
Red Sea basinBasin
Sahara Metacraton
- Al Kufrah CratonShield
- Tshiluba ProvinceBack-arc Basin
White Nile Rift basinBasin

Arabian Plate

Arabian-Nubian ShieldShield
- Gabgaba and Gebeit TerranesVolcanic Arc
- Haya TerraneVolcanic Arc
- Nubian ShieldShield

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Klemm, D., Klemm, R., Murr, A. (2001) Gold of the Pharaohs - 6000 years of gold mining in Egypt and Nubia. Journal of African Earth Sciences 33, 643-659. [http://www.utdallas.edu/~rjstern/egypt/PDFs/SE%20Desert/KlemmAU.JAES01.pdf]

Klemm, D., Klemm, R. (2008) Mining in Ancient Egypt and Nubia. Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, Part 13, 1685-1698.

Martin, W. (2015) Eine Reise durchs Goldland der Pharaonen. Der Steirische Mineralog, 29, 6-18.

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SudaniRegional Level TypesSudanCountry function showexplain() { $("#locexplain").toggle(); if (typeof movemap === "function") movemap(); }

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Detailed Mineral List:

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

List of minerals for each chemical element

Fossils

Other Databases

Localities in this Region

Localities for Transported Material

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

References

Sudani
Regional Level Types
Sudan Country